我的講課---第二講-定語(yǔ)從句

1、我的講課一第二講定語(yǔ)從句第二講 定語(yǔ)從句與倒裝句一、復(fù)習(xí)：虛擬語(yǔ)氣1）I wish （我年輕的時(shí)候有你們這樣的機(jī)會(huì) ）.2）If only （他知道這病是可以治好的 ）! Then he would not have killed himself.3） Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars? I d rather he _ （ 漆成藍(lán)色的，而且不帶任何裝飾 ）.4）It s high time that _ （ 采取措施解決交通堵塞的問(wèn)題 ）.5）Hugh usually talks _ （ 仿佛在大會(huì)上發(fā)表演說(shuō)似的 ）

2、.6）We insist that （讓杰克立刻進(jìn)醫(yī)院 ）.7）We are going to discuss his suggestion that （ 取消期中考 試）.8）It is essential that _（每個(gè)人都為緊急情況做好準(zhǔn)備 ）.9） （如果他按照我告訴他的辦法訂票 ）, we would have had quite a comfortable journey.10）I was to have made a speech _（要不是有人把我 的話(huà)打斷了 ）.11） （如果我一直住在紐約 ）, I would know the U.S. well now.12）If

3、the doctor had not come in time, （他現(xiàn)在就不 在人間了 ）.13）But for his help, （我們就不會(huì)以這么低的價(jià)格租到房子了 ）.14）Were I in your place, （我會(huì)毫不猶豫地抓住機(jī)會(huì) ）.15）Had it not been for their opposition, （這項(xiàng)法案早就通過(guò)了 ）.二、語(yǔ)法講解定語(yǔ)從句（ Attributive clauses ） 在句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句， 因其修飾作用相 當(dāng)于形容詞， 故稱(chēng)形容詞性從句， 即通常所說(shuō)的定語(yǔ)從句。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞 成 : 先行詞 + 關(guān)系詞 + 從句

4、1關(guān)系代詞：1）who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞， 在從句 中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)可以省略。 例如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?（who/that 在從句中作主語(yǔ) ）He is the man （whom/ that） I saw yesterday.（ whom/that 在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）2）whose 用來(lái)指人或物， 在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)， 。 例如：Please pass me the book whose cover is red.（指 物）The lawyer whose name is W

5、ang Jin lives in Nanjing. （指人）3）which, that 所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或 代詞，在從句中可做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。例如： Great changes which / that have never been seen before appears in the countryside.( which / that 在句中作主語(yǔ))The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。 ( which / that 在句中作賓語(yǔ))2. 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

6、when = on (in, at, during) + which;where = in (at, on) + which;why = for which. 如：I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived.The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor.This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it.注：先行詞是 the way 時(shí)，其后的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系 詞有三種，例如：I like the way

7、in which / (that) the teacher gives his lessons.從句缺少的是主語(yǔ)、 賓語(yǔ)還是狀語(yǔ)是確定用關(guān)系 代詞還是關(guān)系副詞的關(guān)鍵。 也就是說(shuō)要看先行詞 在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)任什么成分試比較：I will never forget the day （which/that） I spent in Hongkong.（ spent 是及物動(dòng)詞， 后缺賓語(yǔ)， 因此用關(guān)系代詞 或省略 ）I will never forget the day when/on which Hongkong returned to its motherland.（ 從句主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)完整，缺狀語(yǔ)，因

8、此用關(guān)系 副詞或介詞加關(guān)系代詞 ）The reason （that/which ）he gave for not coming to school yesterday is unbelievable.（ gave 是及物動(dòng)詞，后缺賓語(yǔ)，因此用關(guān)系代詞 或省略 ）The reason why he didn tc ome to school yesterday is unbelievable.（ 從句主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)完整，缺狀語(yǔ)，因此用關(guān)系 副詞或介詞加關(guān)系代詞 ）3. 關(guān)系代詞 that 與 which ；that 與 who 的一些 特殊用法：指物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞 that 和 which 一般情況下

9、可 換用，但以下幾種情況下一般用 that ：1) 先行詞是 all, everything, something, anything, nothing, none, few, little, much 等不定代詞；或 是先行詞被 all, every, some, any, no, few, little 等 修飾時(shí)：Is there anything (that) I can do for you in town?注：當(dāng) something 確指某物或某事時(shí)，用 that 或 which 都可以，如：There is something that/which keeps worrying

10、me. “有一件事一直令我不安。 ”2) 先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或有序數(shù)詞 the first, the second , the la修st飾時(shí)：This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.3) 先行詞被 the only ， the very 修飾時(shí)：The only thing that matters is to find our way home.4) 先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)：They talked about the persons and things (that) they remembered in the school.5) 當(dāng)主

11、句是由 who或which 引導(dǎo)的特殊問(wèn)句時(shí)， 為避免重復(fù)，定語(yǔ)從句中常用 that：Who is the man that is standing by the door?Which is the dictionary (that) you bought yesterday?只能用 which 的兩種情況1) 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 ,先行詞為物e.g. Yangtze river, which is the third longest river, lies in China.2) 整句話(huà)當(dāng)先行詞It rained a lot, which made a flood happened 只能用 a

12、s, 不能用 which, that, who 的兩種情況 1) 先行詞被 such, the same 修飾時(shí)e.g. I ven ever heard of such a terrible earthquake as you told me.You are using the same pen as I lost yesterday. (像，兩支 )You are using the same pen that I lost yesterday. (正是，同一支)2) 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句提前 ,關(guān)系詞用 as, “正如 所知道,所期望的一樣”e.g. As we know，Taiwan be

13、longs to China, 當(dāng)先行詞是 anyone, those, these, he, she等代詞 表“人”時(shí)，一般用 who 而不用 that：Anyone who wants a ticket please sign your name here.Those who want to go to the English party must be at the school gate by 7:30 p.m.He who doesn rte ach the Great Wall is not a true man.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)， 通常用 that 而不用 who

14、：He is no longer the man that he used to be.4. 一種特殊的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中， 有時(shí)根據(jù)句子意思， 常 把 some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either 等詞、分?jǐn)?shù)或百分比與 of whom 或 of which 連用。He has five children, two of whom are abroad. (比較： He has five children, and two of them are abroad.)We have tested

15、 three hundred types of boots, none of which is/are completely waterproof.(比較： We have tested three hundred types of boots, but none of them is/are completely waterproof.)定語(yǔ)從句中易犯的錯(cuò)誤1. 在定語(yǔ)從句中加了多余的定語(yǔ)t come.g. Some of the boys I invited them didn(them)2. 把定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)弄錯(cuò)e.g. Anyone who break the rules w

16、ill be punished. (breaks)Those who has finished may go home. (have)He is the only one of the teachers who know English in our school. (knows)This is one of the rooms that is free now. (are)3. 誤省略了定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞 e.g. Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth. (who / that)4. 定語(yǔ)從句中加了多余的關(guān)系副詞或介詞a).

17、 The house where he lives in needs repairing.( where he lives 或 that he lives in)b) I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing. ( the day when 或 the day on which)5. 在作先行詞的時(shí)間名詞或地點(diǎn)名詞后錯(cuò)用關(guān) 系代詞或關(guān)系副詞I still remember the day when we spent together. (that / which)This is the house where we liv

18、ed in last year. (that /which)6. 在先行詞 reason 后錯(cuò)用關(guān)系副詞 whyI don t believe the reason why he has given for his being late. (that /which)7. 主句不完整 ,首先要補(bǔ)充完整This factory is that I worked in. (the one )8. what 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句做主語(yǔ) ,賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ) That can be done has already been done. (what)9. 誤將強(qiáng)調(diào)句型當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句I was in the kitche

19、n where the fire broke out. (that)練習(xí)：1 All is needed is a supply of oil.A. the thing B. that C. what D. which2He paid the boys $10 for washing ten windows, most of hadn t been cleaned for at least ayear.A. these B. those C. that D. which3 In the dark street, there wasn ta single person she could tur

20、n for help.A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom4 Dorothy was always speaking highly of herrole in the play, , of course, made theothers unhappy.A .who B. which C. this D. what5 John is the only one of the students who FrenchJohn is one of the students who French A know B knows C knowing D known 6

21、This is the knife I usually cut mypencil This is the knife I usually use to cut mypencil A with which B which Cby which D with that7 Who lives in the house windows facesouth？ Who lives in the house the windows facesouth？A whose Bwhich C of which D that8Is this factory you visited last year ？ Is this

22、 the factory you visited last year ？A that B of which C the one Dwhere 9 When I have trouble ，he is the only one I can ask for help When I have trouble ，he is the only one Ican go for help Awhom Bto whom C which D to who 10 The reason he gave us was that hiscar broke down on the way The reason he wa

23、s late was that his carbroke down on the way Afor which B which C how D what 翻譯：The social Security Retirement Program is madeThe road of life is long, but only a few steps are（孩子們花費(fèi)的時(shí)間） in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affect their relationships with real-life people

24、.April Fool s Day is that special day of the year （在這一天你可以捉弄?jiǎng)e人） .易混題 一定語(yǔ)從句與并列句（注意用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)和連接 詞 and, but 等來(lái)區(qū)別。）1. Mr Li has three daughters, none of isan engineer.2. Mr Li has three daughters, but none of is a dancer.3. Mr Li has three daughters; aredoctors.二. 定語(yǔ)從句與地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句（看是否有先行 詞，如果有，就是定語(yǔ)從句，如果沒(méi)有，就是狀 語(yǔ)從

25、句）1.Rice doesn gt row well there is notenough water.2.I still remember the farm my parentsworked ten years ago.三. 定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可以還原成正常語(yǔ)序的句子，也就是 說(shuō)，強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中去掉 It be that 后，句子仍然 通順，意義也依然完整，只是沒(méi)有那么強(qiáng)調(diào)突出。 而定語(yǔ)從句去掉了 It be that 后句子就不完整 了。1. It is on the morning of May 1st I metJohn at the airport.It is the morni

26、ng of May 1st I met John atthe airport.2. It is in the factory John works.It is the factory John works.四 . 定語(yǔ)從句與結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 在定語(yǔ)從句中，若先行詞被 such 修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系 詞要用 as, 組成 suchas 結(jié)構(gòu) .這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)與狀語(yǔ) 從句 suchthat (如此 以致 )很相似，要 注意區(qū)別。 若從句中的及物動(dòng)詞后無(wú)賓語(yǔ)， 就是 定語(yǔ)從句， 用 suchas.否則就是狀語(yǔ)從句，用 such that.1.I have the same computer you have. ( a

27、s)2. She is such a kind girl all of us like tomake friends with her. (that)五 . 定語(yǔ)從句與習(xí)慣句型 .注意固定句型： It is the first/second/third time that+ 從句(從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))1.It is the first time she has been inShanghai.2.It was the time Chinese people had ahard life.六 . 定語(yǔ)從句與單句(注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。兩個(gè)單句 間用句號(hào)， 而定語(yǔ)從句兩個(gè)句子間用逗號(hào)。 ) 1.The mo

28、ther told the lazy boy to work, didn t help2.The mother told the lazy boy to work. didn t help.1、倒裝句( Inversion )英語(yǔ)的基本語(yǔ)序是“主語(yǔ) +謂語(yǔ)”。如果將謂語(yǔ)的全部或一部分放在主語(yǔ)之前，這種語(yǔ)序稱(chēng)為“倒裝”、倒裝的類(lèi)型類(lèi)型例句說(shuō)明完全倒裝Out rushed the students to welcome the foreign friends. 學(xué)生們涌出去歡迎外國(guó)朋 友。整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)移至主 語(yǔ)之前。部分倒 裝Seldom does he go to schoo late.l 只把系動(dòng)

29、詞，情 態(tài)動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞 或表語(yǔ)放在主語(yǔ) 之前。二、倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的基本用法1、由于語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要而使用的倒裝情況例句說(shuō)明疑問(wèn)句中Have you got a dictionary?Where did he go last Monday?Are you listening to the radio?Which boy broke this glass?用完全或部分倒 裝，但以疑問(wèn)詞 或疑問(wèn)詞修飾的 名詞作主語(yǔ)的疑 問(wèn)句要用正常語(yǔ) 序。there be結(jié)構(gòu)中Th”ere are three wells in our village.There stands a big paper making fact

30、ory by the river.在以 here, there, now, then, in, up, away, down 等副Here is a letter for you. 這 兒有你一封信。There goes the bell. 鈴響 了。Now comes your turn to play.現(xiàn)在輪到你玩了。使用完全倒裝結(jié) 構(gòu)。但如果主語(yǔ)是代 詞則用正常語(yǔ) 序。情況例句說(shuō)明詞開(kāi)頭的 句中Look, there he comes! 看，他來(lái)了。Down she went 她下來(lái) 了。在以 nor neither 或 no more 開(kāi) 頭的句子 中I can t swim, nor

31、 (neither)can she .He hasn tb een to the countryside, neither does he want to go there.He did not turn up. No more did his wife.表示也不這 樣 ,neither 和 nor 意思相同，可以 替 換 使 用 ， no more 表 示動(dòng) 作 的程度并不比前 面提到的稍強(qiáng). 意為也不。用在 as（盡 管）引導(dǎo)的 讓步狀語(yǔ) 從句中Proud as the nobles are, he is afraid to see me . 盡管這些貴族很傲慢，他 卻害怕見(jiàn)我。Young

32、 as he is, he knows a lot .雖然他年輕，卻知道很多 東西。從屬連句 as用于 特殊語(yǔ)序，含義 與 though, although 相同， 但“ as”這種結(jié) 構(gòu)可表示非常強(qiáng) 烈的對(duì)照，必須 用倒裝（表語(yǔ)提 前）2、為了加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣而使用的倒裝。 （使句子更加流 暢，更加生動(dòng)）情況例句說(shuō)明含有否定 意義的副 詞或連詞 放在句首 時(shí)Never before have we seen such a sight.Not until New Year Day shall I give you a gift.Not only was everything that he had t

33、aken away from him, but also his German citizenship.Hardly had he seem me when he ran away.常 用 否 定 詞 有 : never, not, hardly, ssc arcely seldom, little, not until, not only but also, no sooner than, hardly (scarcely) when 等。一般主句 用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。副 放詞 only 在句首時(shí)Only then did he realize his mistakes .Only in thi

34、s way can you learn maths well .Only Mother can understand me .Only three of us failedonly 起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用， 其句型為“ only + 狀 語(yǔ)+部分倒裝”。 如置于句首的 only 修飾主語(yǔ)，則不用 倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。情況例句說(shuō)明in the exam.虛擬語(yǔ)氣Were they here, they把從句中 if 省略將條件從句 中would help us .Had I been informed earlier. I could have done something.Should you fail, take

35、 more pain and try again.were，had 或 should 放在主語(yǔ)的前面。直接引語(yǔ) 的全部或 一部分放 在句首時(shí)“ He is a clever boy” said the teacher.“Go, Dick, go!” cried Tom,“ Go home and get help”“ What do you think of the film? ”he asked.“ I m leaving for Hongkong next month ” Mary told me yesterday.主句主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)次 序顛倒，用完全倒 裝。但如果主句主語(yǔ)為 代詞時(shí)或謂語(yǔ)部分 比主語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)，一般不 用倒裝。表示祝愿May you succeed! 祝謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或謂語(yǔ)的情況例句說(shuō)明的句子中你成功。Long livethe一部分放在主語(yǔ)的 前面。Communist Pa