小學(xué)英語 基礎(chǔ)語法總結(jié)(附練習)

1、小學(xué)英語 基礎(chǔ)語法總結(jié)contents第一章 名詞1. 名詞的數(shù)2. 名詞的格第二章 代詞1. 人稱代詞2. 物主代詞第三章 冠詞 與 數(shù)詞1. 冠詞2. 數(shù)詞第四章 句型1 陳述句2 疑問句3 祈使句4、there be 句型與 have has第五章 時態(tài)第六章 總結(jié)考試*紅字及紅字所示范圍內(nèi)的語法知識需重點掌握（附練習）第一章 名詞 （noun）名詞的概念在生活中，我們會接觸到各種各樣的人和事物，用來表示這些人或事物名稱的詞就 是名詞。一、名詞的數(shù)名詞的數(shù)指名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式?？蓴?shù)名詞表示“一個”時用單數(shù)，“兩個以上” 時用復(fù)數(shù)；不可數(shù)名詞表示量時，通常用“數(shù)詞+單位+of+物質(zhì)名詞”

2、的形式，如 a piece of bread (一片面包)， 變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時，只須將單位名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)， 如：two pieces of bread(兩片面包)。*名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成法則1. 一般情況下在詞尾加 s. shop - shops (商店) bag - bags (書包) window - windows ( 窗戶)詞尾讀音在清輔音后讀 s 在濁輔音后讀 z 在元音后讀 z 2. 以 s, x, sh, ch 結(jié)尾的單詞在詞尾加 es。class - classes ( 班級) box - boxes (盒子) match - matches ( 比賽) brush - brushes (

3、刷子)詞尾讀音 iz 3. 以“輔音字母 +y” 結(jié)尾的詞， 變 y 為 i 加 es.story - stories ( 故事)詞尾讀音 iz 4. 以“元音字母 +y” 結(jié)尾的詞，在詞尾直接加 skey - keysmonkey - monkeys詞尾讀音 z 5.以 “o” 結(jié)尾的名詞， 復(fù)數(shù)一般在詞尾加“s”, 但個別加 “es”tomato - tomatoes ( 西紅柿) 詞尾讀音 z potato - potatoes ( 土豆)zoo - zoos (動物園)photo - photos ( 照片)*（以 “o”結(jié)尾，復(fù)數(shù)加 “es”）口訣：黑人(negro)英雄(hero)

4、，左手拿著西紅柿(tomato)，右手拿著破土豆(potato)， 頭頂一個大芒果（mango）。6. 以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的詞，多數(shù)變 f 或 fe 為 ves.leaf - leaves ( 樹葉) knife - knives ( 小刀)詞尾讀音 vz *（以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的單詞，需把 f 或 fe 變 ves 的單詞）口訣：妻子（wife）持刀（knife）去宰狼（wolf），小偷（thief）嚇得發(fā)了慌，躲在架 下（shelf）保己命，半(half)片樹葉（leaf）遮目光。*（以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的單詞，直接加 “s”的單詞）口訣：長頸鹿(giraffe)站在屋檐(roo

5、f)下，左手拿著手絹(handkerchief)，右手拿著高 爾夫球(golf)。例： roof - roofs ( 屋頂)7. 不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化man - men (男人) tooth -teeth (牙齒)child - children ( 兒童) mouse - mice(老鼠)foot - feet (腳) woman - women (女人)8. 名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣sheep - sheep ( 綿羊) deer - deer （鹿）english - english（英國人） chinese - chinese （中國人）*（不規(guī)則名詞變復(fù)數(shù)）口訣：男人，女人 a 變 e；鵝

6、，足，牙齒 oo 變 ee；其實老鼠也好記 ous 變 ic；孩子加上 ren，魚鹿綿羊不用記。二、名詞所有格的構(gòu)成法（表示“誰誰誰的”）1. 主要是在詞尾加 s 構(gòu)成。如:this is toms desk . 這是湯姆的書桌。that is mikes book. 那是邁克的書。2. 如果原名詞已經(jīng)有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾 s ,則僅加一個 . 如:the teachers reading room 教師閱覽室the pupils pencil-boxes 學(xué)生們的文具盒3. 如果原詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但不是以 s 結(jié)尾， 變?yōu)樗懈裥问叫柙诤竺婕由?s 。 如：the childrens palace 少年

7、宮mens room男廁所*名詞所有格口訣：名詞所有格，s 前面加一撇，復(fù)數(shù) s 放在尾，后加一撇就完結(jié)，兩人共有算一個， 后面只加一個撇。名詞練習題一、 寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式puter _ 2.apple_ 3.city _ 4.house_ 5.sheep _ 6.watch _ 7.tomato_8.child _ 9.tooth _10.foot_ 11.wife _ 12.potato_13.play_14.day_ 15.glass _16.radio_17.zoo_18.life _19.story_20.leaf_21.baby_22.dress_23.butterfly_2

8、4.deer_25.class_26.brush_27.key_28.english_29.mouse_30.man_ 二、漢譯英1tom 的足球 _2. 老師們的自行車_3學(xué)生們的課桌 _4.哥哥的文具盒_5姑姑的卡片 _6.猴子們的香蕉_7螞蟻們的早餐 _8.媽媽的包 _9姐姐的連衣裙 _10.女孩們的蘋果_三、把下列句子翻譯成英文1這些是 peter 的籃球嗎？_2這個是老師的鋼筆嗎？_3有一些書在 sam 的課桌上。_4有一些孩子們在教室里。_四、改錯 （圈出錯處，在橫線上改正過來）1. there are some butterflys on the table. _2. this

9、is alice dress. _3. i like tomato very much. _五、將下列句子變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。1this dog is brown._2. there is a book and a pen on the table._3.that woman is a teacher._能力測試卷 （名詞）一、 將下列名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。1.plane tree lessonmonth apple shirt2. box bus brushwatch class fox3.knife life leafwife thief4.day boy monkeybaby country st

10、ory5.photo radio pianotomato hero6.child tooth mansheep english chinese二、判斷正誤，并改正錯句，正確的打“ ”1the house is my brother. _ 2. he has visited many country. _ 3. they are englishs. _ 4. this is tom red bike. _ 三、選擇填空1there are two _ in the room.a. chineses b. englishman2.the old man will have _ out.a. two

11、 tooths b. two teeth3. _ are sold in this bookstore.a. childrens books b. children books4. some friends of _ will come here.a. johns b. john5. can you give me _?a. some papers b. a piece of paper6.there are _ on the floor.a. some box b. some boxes四、將下列句子變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。1this sheep is white. _ 2. there is a d

12、esk and a chair in the room. _ 3.that man is a doctor. _第二章 代詞*體現(xiàn)以上代詞用法的巧妙例文：i am a student.he is a doctor.she is a nurse.they are my friends.you are very nice.we are playing in the park now.it is a long snake.i am going to the supermarket now.you are a polite boy.she is my elder sister.he always go

13、od at sports this is her cost.my coat is over there.some friends of mine is coming to my house.the key is yours.your car is beautiful.her dress is long.the long dress is hers.their books are new.the bikes are theirs.his friends are kind.this book is his.the toys are ours.our house is big.the big hou

14、se is ours.代詞練習題一、 根據(jù)題意，用所給詞的適當形式填空。1. mary is a friend of _. ( i )2. this is _ ( she ) ruler. _ ( i ) is in the bag. 3. her brother is too young to look after _ ( he )4. this is _ ( i ) book. this book is _ ( i ). 5. these pens are _ ( we ).二、改寫下列句子eg, this is my book. - the book is mine.1. that is

15、 her ruler. _2. these are their footballs._3. this is my backpack . _ 4. those are your boxes. _ 四、把下列句子改寫成復(fù)數(shù)。1. this is a butterfly._2. that is a bus._3. it is a mouse._五、改錯。1.this is mine lamp. _ 2.these are oursbooks._3. that are their teacher._4. the house is my brother. _4. he has visited many

16、country. _5. they are chineses. _6. this is tom red bike. _能力測試卷 （代詞）一、 幫下面的好朋友團圓 （連線）iitsherwetheytheiryourshe她我們他（她，它）們 我你的他（她，它）們 她的它的二、填空1shes a teacher . this is _ bag. 2. hes a driver. this is _ taxi. 3. i am a boy . _ name is peter. 4. -whats _ name?- my name is tony.5. its my puppy. _ name i

17、s mimi.三、選擇( ) 1.your book is not so old as _.a. him b. he c. his d. she( ) 2. _ book is it ? it s _.a. whoseher b. whose hers c. who hers d. whom her( ) 3. he is a friend of _.a. our b. us c. my d. mine四、改錯1. i, you and he are all teachers._2. this is mine teddy bear._3. these are ours bags._4. the

18、se is their teachers._第三章 數(shù)詞和冠詞（*直接見基礎(chǔ)詞匯分類總結(jié)，找規(guī)律背記即可）一、數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目和順序的詞叫數(shù)詞。數(shù)詞又分基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞，基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)量，序數(shù)詞 表示順序。1.基數(shù)詞的寫法 ：2199 的兩位數(shù)，十位與個位之間用連字符“-”。例：21 twenty - one 32 thirty - two 99 ninety nine百位數(shù)：個位數(shù)基數(shù)詞形式加“hundred”，表示幾百，在幾十幾與百位間加上and。 例：101 a hundred and one. 320 three hundred and twenty 648six hundred and fo

19、rty-eight2序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成1）一般來說，是由相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞加詞尾 th 構(gòu)成。例，four+ th- fourth six + th - sixthseven + th - seventh ten + th - tenth2）下面這些基數(shù)詞在變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞時，有特殊的變化。例，one - first two - second three - third five- fifth eight - eighth nine - ninth twelve - twelfth3）十位整數(shù)序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成方法是將基數(shù)詞的詞 y 變成 i，然后在加 eth.例， twenty - twentieth thirty

20、 - thirtiethforty - fortieth ninety - ninetieth1） 兩位或兩位以上的基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞時，僅將個位數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞。例， twenty one - twenty- firstthirty-five -thirty-fiftha hundred and fifty-three - a hundred and fifty- third*基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞的口訣：基變序，有規(guī)律；詞尾加上 th（fourth, sixth）一、二、三，單獨記；結(jié)尾字母 t, d, d；（first，second，third）八去 t,九去 e,（eighth，ninth）；ve

21、要用 f 替；（fifth，twelfth）整十基數(shù)變序數(shù)，ty 將 y 變成 i ; th 前面有個 e；要是遇到幾十幾，前用基來后用序。二、冠詞冠詞分不定冠詞和定冠詞兩種。 a 或 an 是不定冠詞，the 是定冠詞。a 用在輔 音音素之前，如 a desk, a tree ; an 用在元音(a e i o u)因素之前，如 an apple, an hour, an english book.1. 不定冠詞（a,an）指人或事物的某一種類，表示“一個”，但不強調(diào)數(shù)量。 she is a teacher. thats an orange.2. 定冠詞 the，是特指某（些）人、某（些）物

22、，或指說話人與聽話人彼此知道 的人或物，或者是在上文提到過的人和事。this is a bus. the bus is big.3. 不用冠詞的情況：1） 專有名詞，物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞前一般不用冠詞。如，chinese, english, jim 等。2） 名詞前已經(jīng)有 this, that, my, your 等詞時，就不再用冠詞了。如， that mouse (那只老鼠)3) 一些固定詞組前不用定冠詞。如，at home 在家 go to school 去上學(xué)*定冠詞 the 的用法記憶口訣：特指、重提和唯一，島嶼、海峽和海灣；海洋、黨派、最高級，沙漠、河流與群山；方位、順序和樂器，年代、

23、團體與機關(guān)；船名、建筑和組織，會議、條約與報刊；姓氏復(fù)數(shù)、國全名，記住定冠 the 加在前。*零冠詞用法口訣：月份、星期、節(jié)假洲，呼語、頭銜職務(wù)前；三餐、球類、慣用語，學(xué)科、棋類名詞前。冠詞和數(shù)詞專項練習一、在空白處填上適當?shù)墓谠~，不需要的填“/”。1) at _home 2) go to_ bed 3) go to _school4) catch _ bad cold 5) have _ good time6) _red apple 7)_ english book 8) _ spoon9)_ orange 10) _melon 11) _ eraser二、選擇填空1.there is _

24、“m” in the word “primary”a. an b.a c.the d./2.this is _ orange bike .a.a b.an c.the d/3. it always takes us half _ hour to have _ long walk after supper . a.a,a b,a ,the c.an , a d.an , the4. english is _ useful language in _ world .a.an , the b.a , the c.the , / d./ , the5.we are going to _ cinema

25、this evening .a.the b./ c/a d.an6.hes standing on _ other side of _ river .a.a , a b.the , the c.the , a d.a , the7._ potato is a vegetable , not _ fruit .a.the , an b.the , a c.a, the d.an, /8.he was _ first to come .a.the b.a c.the d./9.do you see _ book on _ table ?a.the , a b.a, an c.an , an d.a

26、 , the10.wheres _ desk ? its in _ middle of the room .a./ , / b./ , a c.a , / d.the , the11.he is _ friend of mine .a.an b./ c.the d.a12.there is _ university near the farm .a.a b.an c.the d./13.he died in _ autumn of 1989 .a./ b.the c.a d.an14.i have _ book . i t s _ interesting one . i like readin

27、g _ books very much .a.a, an ,/ b.a , / , the c.an , an , the d./ , an , /15.today is _ childrens day .a.a b.an c.the d/16.this is _ bag . that is _ eraser .a.a, a b.a , an c.an , a d. an , an四、用代詞填空:1._ , _ and _ are all good friends .a.we , you , they b.you , they , we c.we , they , you d.they , y

28、ou , we2._ classroom is big , but _ is much bigger than _ .a.we , they , us b.our , their , our c.our , theirs , ours d.our , theirs , we3.she lost _ pen . will you lend her _ ?a.her , yours b.his , your c.hers , you d.their , yourself4. “what are you doing ?” “i am looking at _ in the mirror ?” a.m

29、e b.myself c.itself d.himself5. _ , _ and _ all enjoy music .a.she , you , i b.i , she , you c.you , she , i d.i , you , she 能力測試卷（冠詞和數(shù)詞）一、 寫出相鄰的數(shù)詞1. twenty 2. five3. twelve 4. fifty-eight5. ninety 6. seventy7. thirty-eight 8. one hundred9. one thousand 10. one二、選擇正確答案1.there are days in a year.a. t

30、hree hundreds sixty-five b. three hundreds and sixty-fivec. three hundred and sixty-five d. three hundred and sixty five 2.there are students in this school.a. eight hundreds and forty-six b. eight hundred and forty sixc. eight hundred and forty-six d. eight hundred forty-six3.my brother is in .a. t

31、hree class, one grade b. class three, grade onec. grade one, class three d. class three, grade one4.he was doing some washing .a. at eight yesterday morning b. yesterday morning eightc. yesterday morning at eight d. by eight yesterday morning 5.there are months in a year. december is the month of th

32、e year.a. twelve; twelve b. twelve; twelfth c. twelfth; twelve d. twelve; twelveth6.sunday is the day of the week.a. seventh b. first c. second d. third7.autumn is season in a year.a. the fourth b. the third c. a third d. third8.tom was to get to school and i was .a. first; ninth b. the first; the n

33、inth c. a first; a ninth d. the second; the ninth9.whats the date today? its .a. friday b. time to go c. cloudy d. june 4 10.monday is the second day, and .a. tuesday is the fourth b. thursday is the fifth c. the second is tuesday d. the second is thursdayth時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在進行時具體句型動詞做謂語實意動詞做謂語情態(tài)動詞+實意動詞動詞做謂語

34、第四章句型句子構(gòu)成主語+be (am/is / are )+ （ not）+其他+. 主語+dont/doesnt +其他+.主語+情態(tài)動詞+（ not）+動詞原形+其他+.主語+be 動詞(am /is /are)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他+.(明白句子意思，多讀例句仿寫著會用即可 )一、陳述句定義：凡是說明一件事情，提出一個看法，或是表達一種心情的句子都是陳述句。 大多數(shù)的句子都是陳述句，陳述句可以用肯定式和否定式。肯定句變否定句肯定句變否定句就是加 not no 或表示否定的詞英語的句子重要取決于動詞而動詞又有時態(tài)的變化因此在不同的時態(tài)的句子中的 位置不同陳述句練習把下列陳述句變成否定句。1.my

35、 father watches tv every day .my father _ _ tv every day . 2.kate often does her homework at six . kate _ often _ her homework at six. 3.i go to school at seven .i _ _ to school at seven .4.she usually goes home by bus .she _ usually _ home by bus .5.they are good students .they _ _ good students .6

36、.he is clever .he _ _ clever .7.he has some bread for breakfast every morning .he _ _ _ bread for breakfast every morning .8.i often drink some tea in the afternoon .i _ often _ _ tea in the afternoon .9.he has some eggs .he _ _ _ eggs .10.kim likes his new bike .kim _ _ his new bike .二、疑問句疑問句是用來提出問

37、題的，疑問句又包括：一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、 反義疑問句和選擇疑問句。一、一般疑問句 ：一般疑問句又可以叫做 yes/no 句型，需要用 yes 或 no來回答。1. be（am/is/are） + 主語 + 其它部分?2. 情態(tài)動詞 + 主語 + 動詞原形 + 其它部分?肯定回答用“yes,主語+be情態(tài)動詞.”,否定回答用“no,主語+be情態(tài)動詞 +not.”.be 或情態(tài)動詞和 not 可用縮寫形式,主要有 isnt,arent,wasnt,weren t,cant,mustnt,neednt 等.eg1.問句：is this your english book?肯答：yes,it i

38、s.否答：no,it isnt.eg2.問句：are these your english books?肯答：yes,they are.否答：no,they arent.eg3.問句：can you speak english?肯答：yes,i can.否答：no,i cant.另一家族為含行為動詞（或稱為實義動詞）的一般疑問句,其結(jié)構(gòu)為：助動詞 + 主語 + 動詞原形 + 其它?肯定回答用“yes,主語+ dodoes.”,否定回答用“no,主語+dondoes not.”.助動詞也常用縮寫形式,主要有 dont,doesnt,didnt 等.eg4.問句：do your parents l

39、ike english?肯答：yes,they do.否答：no,they dont.三、一般疑問句的回答正如前面所述,回答一般疑問句時有肯定回答和否定回答兩種方式,肯定回答 以 yes 起句,否定回答用 no 開頭.但對一般疑問句的回答也不是一成不變的.肯定回 答還可以用 ok./certainly.等；否定回答可用 sorry./sorry,i cant.等.eg5.問句：can you speak english?肯答：certainly of course.否答：sorry,i cant.eg6.i am an english teacher. are you an english t

40、eacher?eg7.we can speak english fluently. can you speak english fluently?eg8.we read english every morning. do you read english every morning? eg9.toms father listens to english on the radio every evening. does toms father listen to english on the radio every evening?六、“some”還是“any”?在一般疑問句中,要表達“一些”時

41、 ,一般用 any,但如果這個問句是用來表達 “建議、請求、邀請”等交際功能時 ,應(yīng)該用 some.eg10.is there any tea in the cup?eg11.do you have any children?eg12.may i have some fish?eg13.would you like some tea?eg14.shall we buy some vegetables?eg15.can i borrow some money from you?eg16.why not have some bread?eg17.how about some orange juic

42、e?二、特殊疑問句 ：以疑問代詞 what, who(whom), whose, which 或疑問副詞 when, where, how, why 放在句首提問的句子叫做特殊疑問句，答語只要針對問句中的疑問代詞或疑問副詞 來回答，不用 yes 或 no。1.疑問詞 + 一般疑問句 （疑問詞作賓語、表語、狀語或定語）。what do you want? 你要什么？when do you have english class? 你們什么時候有英語課？whose coat is this? 這是誰的大衣？how did he know it? 他是怎么知道它的？why did you say th

43、is? 你為什么要這么說？which is your umbrella? 哪個是你的雨傘？where were these buses made? 這些巴士是哪兒制造的？2.疑問代詞作主語或作主語的定語時，詞序與陳述句相同：疑問代詞 （+名詞）+ 謂語。who teaches your brother japanese? 誰教你弟弟日語？what is in the box on the table? 桌上那個盒子里裝的是什么？whose handwriting is the best in your class? 你們班里誰的書法最好？*疑問代詞：who: 主語、賓語、表語、用來提問表示“人

44、”的各種成分。whose: 用來提問“誰的”。which: 用來提問“哪一個/位”。what: 提問表示內(nèi)容“什么”等意思*疑問副詞：when: 提問在何時。where: 提問在何地why: 提問表示原因的短語或句子“為什么”用“because”回答 how: 提問表示程度或方式的副詞或短語“怎么樣、怎樣”*由疑問詞 how 構(gòu)成的短語引導(dǎo)的問句how old (表示年齡)多大了, how long（表示時間或物體的長短）有多長 , how many + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 表示多少 , how much + 不可數(shù)名詞（比如：錢） 表示多少 , how far （表示距離）多遠疑問句專項練習按要求改寫

45、句子，每空格限填一詞。1. its a large room.(改為復(fù)數(shù)形式)_ _ large rooms.2. he has to buy a dictionary for his daughter.( 改為否定句)he _ _ to buy a dictionary for his daughter.3. uncle wang likes making things. ( 改為否定句)uncle wang _ _ making things.4. ann returned the book to the library yesterday.(改寫為一般疑問句) _ ann _ the b

46、ook to the library yesterday?.5. the hospital is about 300 meters away. (就劃線部分提問)_ _ is the hospital ?6.there are fifty-two students in our class. ( 就劃線部分提問)_ _ students are there in your class?7.i write to my mother once a week. ( 就劃線部分提問)_ _ do you write to your mother ?8.he has three pens. ( 就劃線部分提問)_ _ pens does he have ?9.she is ten years old. ( 就劃線部分提問)_ _ is she?10. they have a class meeting every other week. ( 改為否定句)they _ _ a class meeting every other week.11. she has dinner with her grandparents once a week. （改為一般疑問句） _ she _ dinner with her grandpare