英語語法知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1、.課時(shí)一教學(xué)任務(wù)一、 重點(diǎn)語法1. 動(dòng)詞be（am,is,are）的用法：be動(dòng)詞包括“am”, “is”, “are”三種形式。第一人稱單數(shù)(I)配合am來用。句型解析析：I am+第二人稱(You)配合are使用。句型解析：You are+第三人稱單數(shù)(He or She or It)配合is使用。句型解析：She(He, It) is +人稱復(fù)數(shù) (we /you/they)配合are使用。句型解析：We (You, They) are +例句 We are in Class 5,Grade 7.They are my friends.You are good students.用法口訣

2、：我(I)用am, 你(you)用are，is跟著他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。單數(shù)名詞用is，復(fù)數(shù)名詞全用are。變否定，更容易，be后not加上去。變疑問，往前提，句末問號莫丟棄。還有一條須注意，句首大寫莫忘記。1.用括號中適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空。1. I _(am, are, is) from Australia.2. She _ (am, are, is) a student.3. Jane and Tom _(am, is, are) my friends.4. My parents _ (am, is, are) very busy every day.5. _ (Are, Is,

3、Do, Does) there a Chinese school in New York?6. _ (Be, Are, Were, Was) they excited when he heard the news?7. There _ (be) some glasses on it.8. If he _ (be) free tomorrow, he will go with us.2.用be 動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not. 2. The girl_ Jacks sister. 3. The dog _ tall and fat.

4、 4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher. 5. _ your brother in the classroom? 6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home. 7. How _ your father? 8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. 9. Whose dress _ this? 10. Whose socks _ they? 11. That _ my red skirt. 12. Who _ I? 13.The jeans _ on the desk. 14.Here _ a scarf

5、for you. 15. Here _ some sweaters for you. 16. The black gloves _ for Su Yang. 17. This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling. 18. The two cups of milk _ for me. 19. Some tea _ in the glass. 20. Gao shans shirt _ over there. 第二課時(shí)（1）英語人稱代詞和物主代詞一、人稱代詞表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我們”、“你們”、“他們”的詞，叫做人稱代詞。人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的

6、變化，見下表：人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱hehimtheythemsheheritit人稱代詞主格：作主語，表示誰怎么樣了、干什么了。I am a teacher. You are student. He is a student, too. We/You/They are students.人稱代詞賓格作賓語，表示動(dòng)作行為的對象。Give it to me. Lets go (lets =let us)二、物主代詞表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫做物主代詞，也可叫做代詞所有格。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞二種，其人稱和數(shù)的變化

7、見下表。數(shù)人稱類別單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱形容詞性物主代詞myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性物主代詞mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs漢語我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他（她、它）們的形容詞性物主代詞(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+名詞而名詞性物主代詞則相當(dāng)于形容詞性物主代詞+名詞,故其后不必加名詞。如：Is this your book? No,，it isnt， its hers(her book)This pen is mine.代詞練習(xí)（一）一、選出括號中正確的

8、詞，在正確的詞上打勾。1. This is（my / I）mother. 2. Nice to meet （your / you）.3. （He / His）name is Mark. 4. Whats（she / her）name?5. Excuse（me / my / I）. 6. Are（your / you）Miss Li?7. （I/ My）am Ben. 8. （She / Her）is my sister.9. Fine , thank （your / you）. 10. How old is （he / his）二、用所給代詞的正確形式填空。1. These are _ ( h

9、e ) brothers.2. That is _( she ) sister.3. Lily is _ ( Lucy ) sister.4. Tom, this is _ ( me ) cousin, Mary.5. Now _(her parent) are in America.6. Those _ ( child ) are _ ( I ) fathers students.7. Do you know _ ( it ) name?8. Mike and Tom _ ( be ) friends.9. Thanks for helping _( I ).10. _(Ann安)mothe

10、r is _(we) teacher.三、單項(xiàng)選擇。（ ）1. My family _ a big family. My family _all here.A. is, is B. are, areC. is, areD. are, is（ ）2. This is _. A. a picture of familyB. a picture of my familyC. a familys pictureD. a family of my picture（ ）3. Lets _ good friends.A. beB. areC. isD. am（ ）4. Is she your aunt? Y

11、es, _.A. shesB. her isC. she isD. he is（ ）5. Are _ coats yours? Yes, they are .A. theyB. theseC. thisD. there（ ）6. Is that _ uncle? No, it isntA. heB. sheC. herD. hers（ ）7. Mrs. Green is _ grandmother. A. Jim and KateB. Jim and Kates C. Jims and KatesD. Jim and Kates（ ）8. Do you know the name _Mr. G

12、reens son?A. inB. ofC. onD. or（ ）9. _ the great photo of your family. A. thank forB. Thanks for C. Thank for D. thanks for（ ）10. Are those your friends? _. A. Yes, theyreB. No, they are C. Yes, they are D. Yes, those are代詞練習(xí)（二）一、用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空1We like _ (he, his , him) very much.2Is this guitar _ (you, yo

13、ur, yours)?3_(She, Her, Hers) name is Li Li.4Father bought a desk for _ (I, my, me, mine).5_ (It, Its, Its) is very cold today.6Is this your book, Mike?Yes ,_(we, you, they )are.7Are you and Tom classmates?Yes, _(we, you ,they )are.8Each of the students _( have, has) a pen pal.9He has a dog. I want

14、to have _(it, one ),too.10Her parents are _ (both, all ,either )teachers.11The text is easy for you .There are _( few, a few ,little, a little) new words in it .12I want _( some, any) bananas. Give me these big _(one, ones).二、選擇正確的答案1Is this _ book?Ayou BI Cshe Dyour2Its a bird. _ name is Polly.AIts

15、 BIts CHis DIt3Whats that ?_ a jeep.AitsBIts CItsDits4Whats that in English? _.AIts eggBThats egg CIts a eggDIts an egg5Whose cat is this ? Is it yours? Is it a white _?Acats Bone ConesDcats6Please give the book to _.AI Bme Cmy Dmine7_skirt is yours?AWhose BWhere CHow DWhich8_ is this pen ? Its Wang

16、 Fangs.AWhos BWhose CWhere DWhich9Kate and Mike do _ homework in the evening.Aones Bhis Cher Dtheir10There isnt _ water in the bottle.Aany Bsome CnoDa 課時(shí)二（2）簡單句一 陳述句 陳述句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)：陳述句的否定式主要用兩種結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)：（1）句子的謂語動(dòng)詞為be , have 或者謂語動(dòng)詞有助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其否定結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+謂語動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + not + 其他成分 I am not a teacher. 我不是老師。We hav

17、e not (havent) any books on animals. 我們沒有任何有關(guān)動(dòng)物方面的書。 The children are not (arent) playing in the playground. 孩子們沒在操場上玩。 He will not (wont) come. 他不會來。We must not (mustnt) forget the past. 我們不能忘記過去。 It could not (couldnt) be lost. 它不可能丟的。（2） 當(dāng)句子的謂語動(dòng)詞是do (即行為動(dòng)詞)，而且沒有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其否定結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+do (does,did) +

18、 not + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他成分You do not (dont) come here every day . 你沒有每天都來這里。 He does not (doesnt) teach this class . 他不教這個(gè)班。They did not(didnt) watch TV last night . 昨晚他們沒看電視。注意：陳述句的語調(diào)一般用降調(diào)。但在表示疑問的語氣時(shí)，用升調(diào)，在書面上要用問號來表示。You really want to go to Hong Kong ? 你真的想去香港嗎？這句話表示的是一種疑問，只不過是通過陳述的語序和疑問的語氣來表達(dá)的二 疑問句 疑問句是用來

19、提出疑問的句子，句末用問號“？”。常考的疑問句有四類，即：一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句。第一節(jié) 一般疑問句一般疑問句通常需要用yes 或no 來回答，所以又叫做“是非疑問句”。在讀這種句子時(shí)要用升調(diào)。一般疑問句主要有以下幾種類型： 1、“be + 主語 + 表語”結(jié)構(gòu) Are you sleepy ? 你困了嗎？ Yes, I am . 是的，我困了。 3、“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主語言+ 行為動(dòng)詞（或be）”結(jié)構(gòu) May/Can I use the telephone? 我能用這部電話嗎？ Yes, you can. 是的，可以。 5、“助動(dòng)詞（do, does, did）+ 主語

20、 + 行為動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu) Do you like swimming in summer? 你喜歡夏天游泳嗎？ No, I dont . 不，我不喜歡。難點(diǎn)提示回答否定性一般疑問句時(shí)，要在Yes 后面用肯定結(jié)構(gòu)，表示肯定；在No 后面用否定結(jié)構(gòu)，表示否定。注意在說法上正好與漢語習(xí)慣相反。訣竅是在回答的時(shí)候，只要把它當(dāng)成沒有加否定形式的普通一般疑問句看待就可以了。注意下面例句的回答和它的意思。 Is he not your elder brother? 他不是你的哥哥嗎？ Yes, he is . 不，他是（我的哥哥）。No, he is not. 是的，他不是（我的哥哥）。 Isnt she ver

21、y clever? 她難道不是很聰明嗎？ Yes, she is. 不，她很聰明。 No, she is not . 是，她不聰明。第二節(jié) 特殊疑問句一、特殊疑問句是用來提出來特定問題的疑問句，要求聽到問題的人針對特定情況來做具體的回答，不能像一般疑問句一樣簡單地用Yes 或No 來回答，特殊疑問句要用降調(diào)來讀。 二、特殊疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)：特殊疑問詞 + 一般疑問句Who do English homework in the evening?誰晚上做英語家庭作業(yè)？ What do you do in the evening?你晚上做什么？What homework do you do in the

22、 evening?你晚上做什么家庭作業(yè)？When do you do English homework?你什么時(shí)候做英語家庭作業(yè)？三、注意：對人提問時(shí)who“誰”對所屬（誰的）提問用whose“誰的” 對哪一個(gè)提問用which“哪一個(gè)”對時(shí)間提問用when“什么時(shí)候”或what time“幾點(diǎn)” 對物體提問用what“什么” 對地點(diǎn)提問用where“哪里” 對原因提問用why“為什么” 對方式提問用how“怎么樣” 對數(shù)量提問用how many“多少”（用于可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)）或how much“多少”（用于不可數(shù)名詞）四、難點(diǎn)提示1、 以why開頭的特殊疑問句否定形式常用于表示建議、請求等。 Wh

23、y dont you have a try? 你為什么不試試呢？2、 特殊疑問句常用到一些縮略形式，在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中要注意習(xí)慣這些用法。I dont want to go there. How about you? 我不想去那兒，你呢？ But what else? 可是還有什么呢？把下列句子變成否定句：1. I am listening to music. _ 2. Mike is a student. _3Sarah can clean the classroom. _ 4. They are in the zoo. _ 5. There are some flowers in the vas

24、e._6. This is my sister. _ 7. We are sweeping the floor._8. We need some masks. _9. They like making the puppet. _ 10. Su Hai and Su Yang live in a new house._11. I put a book on my head._ 12. They sing “In the classroom” together._ 13. We play basketball on Sundays._ 14. Tom likes listening to musi

25、c_ 肯定句改一般疑問句的方法三步法1. 有be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到句首，其余照抄，(some改成any，my改成your）句末用問號。2. 無be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，在句首加Do/Does/Did，其余照抄，(some改成any，my改成your）句末用問號。 3. 加Does、did 的句子注意，句子動(dòng)詞要變成原型。 例如： 陳述句: They are in the park. He can play the guitar. 一般疑問句: Are they in the park? Can he play the guitar? 陳述句: I like the ducks.

26、He likes the dogs. 一般疑問句： Do you like the ducks? Does he like the dogs? 把下列句子變成一般疑問句 1. I am listening to music. _2. Mike is a student. _ 3. Sarah can clean the classroom._4. They are in the zoo. _ 5. There are some flowers in the vase._6. This is my sister. _7. We are sweeping the floor._8. We need

27、 some masks. _ 9. They like making the puppet. _ 10. Su Hai and Su Yang live in a new house._ 11. I put a book on my head._ 12. They sing “In the classroom” together._ 13. We play basketball on Sundays._ 14. Tom likes listening to music_關(guān)于特殊疑問詞1、根據(jù)劃線部分確定是什么疑問詞, 后面寫原句變成的一般疑問句，句末問號。 2、how many后必須先寫物品，

28、再寫一般疑問句等。1、A: _ is the boy in blue? B:Hes Mike.2、A: _ pen is it? B:Its mine.3、A: _ is the diary? B:Its under the chair.4、A: _ is the Chirstmas Day? B: Its on the 25th of December. 5、A: _ are the earphones? B:They are 25 yuan. 6、A: _ is the cup? B:Its blue. 7、A: _ is it today? B:Its Sunday.8、A: _ was

29、 it yesterday? B: It was the 13th of October. 9、A: _ this red one? B:Its beautiful.12. A:_ is your cousin? B: Hes 15 years old. 13、A:_ do you have dinner? B: At 6 oclock 綜合練習(xí)The children have a good time in the park. 否定句：_ 一般疑問句：_1. There is only one problem. 否定句：_一般疑問句：_ 肯定/否定回答：_7.She has some bre

30、ad for lunch today. 否定句：_ 一般疑問句：_肯定/否定回答：_ . 句型轉(zhuǎn)換題1. The girl is singing in the classroom.( 改為否定句） 改為一般疑問句5. I can speak English.(改為一般疑問句） 6. I am writing now.(同上）7. I have a desk and a chair.(用He做主語改寫句子）8. She is buying some food in the supermarket.（改為否定句） 10. Does she like growing flowers? （給予否定回答

31、） 課時(shí)三英語名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則一、絕大多數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，是在該詞末尾加上后輟-s。讀音變化：結(jié)尾是清輔音讀s，結(jié)尾是濁輔音或元音讀z。例：friendfriends; catcats; stylestyles; sportsports; piecepieces二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的詞，在該詞末尾加上后輟-es構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。讀音變化：統(tǒng)一加讀iz。例：busbuses; quizquizzes; foxfoxes; matchmatches; flashflashes三、以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞，將y改變?yōu)閕，再加-es。讀音變化：加讀z。例：candycandies;

32、daisydaisies; fairyfairies; ladyladies; storystories四、以-o結(jié)尾的名詞，如果不是外來詞或縮寫，就加-es，否則加-s構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。讀音變化：加讀z。例：tomatotomatoes; potatopotatoes; torpedotorpedoes; bingobingoes反例：silosilos; pianopianos（外來詞）; photophotos; 五、以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞，多為將-f或-fe改變?yōu)?ves，但有例外。讀音變化：尾音f改讀vz。例：knifeknives; lifelives; leafleaves; staf

33、fstaves; scarfscarves反例：roofroofs六、部分單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式不變。讀音變化：保持原音。例：fishfish; sheepsheep; cattlecattle; deerdeer;七、極少數(shù)單詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)]有任何規(guī)律。讀音變化：沒有規(guī)律。例：manmen; womanwomen; childchildren; personpeople; oxoxen八、一些單數(shù)詞得改頭換面一番,才能變成復(fù)數(shù)詞例： footfeet; manmen mousemice; toothteeth; womanwomen九、有些名詞是單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)不分的例：deer; fish; canno

34、n; sheep; salmon 鮭魚; trout 鱒魚十、一些名詞雖分單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)，但出現(xiàn)次數(shù)多的總是單數(shù)詞例：abscence; clothing; film; help; furniture家具; machinery機(jī)械; news; scenery風(fēng)景; sugar;traffic交通十一、另一些名詞則以復(fù)數(shù)詞出現(xiàn)的機(jī)會較多例：bellows風(fēng)箱; clothes; police; shorts短褲; scissors剪刀; spectacles眼鏡; shears大剪刀trousers長褲; wages工資十二、若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目，要借助數(shù)量詞例：pair(對，雙); suit(套);

35、a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers十三、另外還有一些名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時(shí)可表示特別意思，例：goods貨物，waters水域，fishes（各種）魚十四、除人民幣元、角、分外，美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。例：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters以O(shè)結(jié)尾的詞，許多加es構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)，特別是一些常用詞如：heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,echoes,tornadoes,torpedoes,dominoes,vetoes,mosquitoes,Negroes,mangoes,buffalo

36、es,volcanoes 但下面幾類詞只加s：1.以“元音+o”或“oo”結(jié)尾的詞 如:videos,radios,studios,zoos,bamboos,kangaroos, 2. 一些外來詞，特別是音樂方面的詞，如：pianos, 3. 一些縮寫詞和專有名詞，如：kilos,photos, 寫出下列名詞復(fù)數(shù)leaf_ puppy_ box_ knife_ fly_ fox_ bus_ bench_ brush_ kiss_ church_ dish_ ruler_ peach_ glass_ pencil_ boy_ zoo_ man_ roof_ sheep_ knife_ lady_

37、 key_ story_ watch_ bamboo_ city_ family_ day_ apple_ eraser_ speech_ thief_ mouse_ fish_ goose_ people _ ox_ Chinese _ deer _ foot_ child_ tooth_ guy_ hero_ spy_ boss_ monkey_ city _ goat _ radio _ horse _ dog _用所給的單詞的復(fù)數(shù)的正確形式填空：1There are so many_(wolf)in the forest.2There are three _(chair) in the

38、 classroom.3These _(tomato) are red. 4_(hero) are great.5My brother looks after two _(baby)6There are some _(deer) eating the grass.7My father likes to eat _(potato).8Chinese _(people)like to eat noodles.9I have a lot of _(toy) in my bedroom.10I help my mother wash _(dish) in the kitchen.11I have tw

39、o _(pencil-box). 12There are some _(bus)in the street.13Peter has eight _(foot). 14Linda has three _(tooth).15There are some _(child) in the garden.16Michael likes the _(mouse).17There are some _(goose)in the river.18My uncle and father are _(man).19Tom and King are _(boy). 20Linda has three _(tooth

40、).選出正確形式1I can see three _ in the zoo. A monkeys B monkeys C monkey2.The pig has four _.A. foot B. feet C. foots3.My two brothers are both _.A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen4.There are four _ in the class.A. Japanese B. Japaneses C. Japan5.I can see ten _ in the picture.A. sheep B. dog C. pig

41、6.The _ has three_.A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches7.C an you see _on the plate? A. bread B. breads C. breades8.The girl often brushes her_ before she goes to bed.A. tooth B. toothsC. teeth9.Mr Black often drink some _.A. milk B. milks C.milkes10.There are some _ on the floor.A. child

42、B. water C. books11. _ will learn English. A. Woman B. Women C. Man12.Lucy will show us some new _ of hers.A. photo B. photos C. photoes13. I drank two _.A. bottles of orangeB. bottle of orangeC. bottles of oranges14.The cat eats two _ last night.A. mouses B. mice C. mouse15.I need a pen and some _.

43、 A. books B. desk C. chair16 Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the _.A. rooms number B. Room numberC. Rooms number D. Room numbers17. The newly-built library is a _ building.A. five-storey B. five storeysC. five-storeys D. five storeys18. - Whose umbrella is i

44、t?- Its _.A. somebody elses B. Somebody else C. Somebodys elses D. Somebodys else19. I feel terribly hot, Whats the _? A. temperature of room B. Rooms temperature C. Room temperature D. Temperature of rooms20. _ will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas.A. The Evens B. The Evens

45、C. The Evenses D. The Evenses21.The girl talking to Mary is a friend of _.A. Marys sister B. Mary sistersC. Marys sisters D. sister of Marys22. The woman over there is _ mother.A. Julia and Shelleys B. Julias and Shelleys C. Julia and Shelley D. Julias and Shelley23. He is very tired. He needs _.A.

46、a night rest B. a rest night C. a nights rest D. a rest of night24 -Excuse me，where are _ offices?-Over thereA teachers B teachers C the teachers D the teachers25 Today is September 10th. Its_ Day. Lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers.A. Teacher B. TeachersC. the Teachers D. Teachers 課時(shí)四 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用法：一般結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定句式：主語+be( am, is, are)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它.否定句式：主語+be(am, is, are) +not +現(xiàn)在分詞+其它. 一般疑問句：Be(am, is, are) +主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它？ 特殊疑問句：疑問詞+be(am, is, are)+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它？