人教版英語八年級下冊單元知識點總結(jié),推薦文檔

1、unit 1 whats the matter?1. whats the matter? 怎么了？若是詢問“某人怎么了?”要用“whats the matter with sb.?”拓 展 ：whats the matter with sb.? 的 同 義 句 ： whats wrong with sb.? / whats the trouble with sb.?中考再現(xiàn)：hi, john.?its lucy, my dog. her leg is hurt.a. how are youb. whats the matterc. whos thatd. whats lucy like2. 疾

2、病類短語:. have a +疾病. e.g. :have a fever 發(fā)燒 have a cold 感冒 have a cough 咳嗽. have a +身體部位-ache. e.g.: have a headache 頭痛 have a toothache 牙痛. have a sore+身體部位. e.g.: have a sore throat 咽喉痛 have a sore back 背痛中考再現(xiàn)：mom, i.im sorry to hear that, dear. we must go to see the dentist right away.a. have a head

3、acheb. have a stomachachec. have a toothached. have a fever3. lie down 躺下 v. 躺，平躺?，F(xiàn)在分詞是 lying. e.g.: dont lie in bed all morning!拓展：lie 的詞性和含義總結(jié).v. 位于，坐落在。e.g.: japan lies to the east of china.v. 撒謊，說謊。lie to sb. 對某人撒謊。e.g.: dont believe her becauseshe always lies. n. 謊言。tell lies/a lie 說謊。e.g.: you

4、 shouldnt tell lies to yourparents.含義過去式過去分詞躺，平躺位于，坐落在laylain撒謊，說謊liedlied注意4. if 引導的條件狀語從句時，主將從現(xiàn)。中考再現(xiàn)：stop smoking, joe! youyourself if you keep on doing it like that.29a. will killb. have killedc. killd. killed5.see sb. doing sth.表示“看到某人正在做某事”，強調(diào)動作正在進行see sb. do sth.表示“看到某人做某事”，強調(diào)動作經(jīng)常發(fā)生或看到某個動作發(fā)生的全

5、過程e.g.: we saw the boy playing computer games. we often see the boy play computer games.we saw the boy lock the door and walk out of the room.when i walked through the playground, i saw my friendsfootball.a. playb. to playc. playingd. is playing6. get 短 語get up 起來，起床get to(=reach, arrive in/at)到達get

6、 on 上 車get off 下車get into 陷入，參與get in 進入，到達 get back 回來get ready (for.) (為.)做準備get on well with sb. 和某人和睦相處7. to ones surprise 令某人驚訝的是；surprise 是名詞，驚訝，驚奇。8. have trouble/difficulty doing sth. 做某事時遇到困難。i always have much troubleenglish words. can you give me some advice?a. to rememberb. rememberc. re

7、membering9. be used to doing sth. 習慣做某事。e.g.: they are used to living in the big city. used to do sth. 過去常常做某事。 e.g.：he used to play football, but now helikes playing basketball.10. take risks/a risk. 冒險。risk v. 冒險。11. .run out 用完，用盡，主語通常是“時間，金錢，食物”等無生命的東西。e.g.：all the money ran out.run out of 用完，主語

8、通常是人。e.g.：we have run out of our pocket money.12. off 短語：turn off 關閉，關掉 take off 起飛，脫掉put off 推遲，拖延get off 下車give off 發(fā)出，散發(fā)set off 出 發(fā)中考再現(xiàn)：we have tothe bike ride because of the bad weather.a. put offb. turn offc. take offd. get off13. . important adj. 重要的 unimportant adj.不重要的 importance n. 重要性中考再現(xiàn)

9、from the show running man, we can learn theof team spirit.make a decision=decide 后接不定式，“做出決定，決定”i made a bigto stop doing my job for a few months.be in control of 掌管，控制out of control 脫離控制中考再現(xiàn)：the car was out ofand hit a tree by the road.a. dangerb. breathc. controld. practice14. .keep (on)doing sth.

10、 繼續(xù)做某事，堅持做某事。中考再現(xiàn)：he keptso that he could be in health.a. exerciseb. exercisingc. to exercise.give up “放棄”代詞放中間give up doing sth. 放棄做某事中考再現(xiàn):no matter how hard it is, dontthings will be better in thefuture.a. give outb. give upc. give away15. 重難點全解：情態(tài)動詞 should should 的用法作情態(tài)動詞時，表責任和義務，意為“應當，應該”,可用于任何人

11、稱?？隙ň渲髡Z+should+動詞原形+其他否定句主語+should not/shouldnt+動原+其他一般疑問句should+主語+動原+其他?特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+should+主語+動詞原形？近義表達：ought to /be supposed to do翻譯：現(xiàn)在你應該戒煙了。16. 易錯易混全解too many表示“太多”，修飾可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)too much表示“太多”，修飾不可數(shù)名詞much too表示“太”，修飾形容詞或副詞the meat isexpensive and eatingmeat isnt good for our health. a.too much, much

12、 toob. too much, too muchc. much too, too muchd. much too, too manybecause是連詞，“因為，由于”，引導原因狀語從句because of是介詞短語，“因為，由于”，后跟名詞、代詞或動名詞millie made a few mistakes in the examher carelessness. a.becauseb. so thatc. as a resultd. because ofdiev. “死，去世，逝世”deadadj. “死的，死亡的”deathn. “死，死亡”中考再現(xiàn)：lei fengfor many y

13、ears, but his spirit is still encouraging us.a. diedb. has diedc. was deadd. has been deadunit 2ill help to clean up the city parks.1. hope to do sth. 希望做某事， 含 hope to do sth. 的句子可以轉(zhuǎn)換為賓語從句。eg: i hope to pass the exam.=i hope that i can pass the exam.agree to do sth.同意做某事decide to do sth.決定做某事refuse

14、to do sth.拒絕做某事remember to do sth.記得做某事forget to do sth.忘記做某事try to do sth.盡力做某事want to do sth.想要做某事2. “動詞+up”的短語小結(jié)：clean up 打掃干凈 cut up 切碎 grow up 長大set up 熬夜set up 建立，設立stay up 熬夜 wake up 醒來，叫醒take up 占 用 give up 放棄use up 用完cheer up 使振作起來，使高興起來（代詞必須放中間）put up 搭建，張貼make up 組成，編造end up 最終成為，最后處于中考再現(xiàn)

15、：many volunteers will help tothe city parks next parks next friday.a. give upb. pick upc. clean up3. give out：發(fā)出，放出（熱，光等）the sun gives out light and heat to the earth用完，耗盡 we had just reached home when the petrol gave out.公布，發(fā)表 the news of the event was given out over the radio.4. give 的短語：give away

16、 捐贈，贈給give up 放棄give back 歸 還give off 發(fā)出，放出 give in 讓步，屈服 give sb. sth. =give sth. to sb.給某人某物5. put off doing sth.推遲做某事 e.g.: we cant put off making a plan.常見的 put 短語：put on 穿上，戴上 put out 熄滅，撲滅 put up 搭起，升起， 張貼put up with 容忍put away 收起來中考再現(xiàn):they heard the party wasbecause of the exam.6. come up wit

17、h 提出，想出（答案，計劃等）hemany ideas to solve these problem already. 7.used to 變否定句或疑問句時常借助助動詞 did.肯定句主語+used to+動詞原形.否定句主語+didnt use to+動詞原形.一般疑問句肯定答語yes,主語+did.否定答語no,主語+didnt.8. care 的延伸:派生詞:careful 小心的carefully 小心地 careless 粗心的 carelessly 粗心地短語：care for 照顧，喜歡 care about 關心，在意 take care 小心 take care of 照顧

18、，照料9. such+ a/an+形容詞+名詞=so+形容詞+a/an+名詞“如此”注意：當名詞前有 many, much, few, little 修飾時，要用 so,而不用 such.中考再現(xiàn)：we hadawful weatherwe couldnt finish the work on time.a. so, thatb. such, thatc. such an, that10. -ing 是名詞后綴。e.g.：reading 閱讀 writing 寫作 spelling 拼寫 swimming游泳skating 滑冰fishing 釣魚smoking 抽煙11. be satisf

19、ied/pleased with. 對 . 滿意satisfaction n. 滿意，滿足12. 常見的“take+介詞/副詞”短語：take down 寫下，拆除 take off 起飛，脫掉 take out 取出，掏出take in 吸收take over 接管take away 帶走 take up 占用 take back 收回中考再現(xiàn)：imy fathers wet shoes and washed his feet.a. took outb. took offc. took place13. 常見的“動詞+away”的短語： throw away 扔掉，丟棄 run away 逃

20、跑get away 逃離 pass away 逝世 keep away 離開，使不接近take away 帶走go away 離開 put away 收起來 give away 捐贈 stay away 遠離-what are you doing, mum?imsome old things for a yard sale.a. giving awayb. hurrying upc. cleaning outd. walking into一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are +done一般過去時was/were +done現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are being +done一般將來時will be +

21、doneam/is/are going to be +done中現(xiàn)考在再完現(xiàn)成：時thehave/has been +donese model carsin china in 2013.14. be similar to 和.相似/類似e.g.: his dress is similar to mine in color. 15.常考的不同時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)：a. are madeb. were madec. maked. made16. make it +adj.（+for sb.)+to do sth. 使某人做某事.find it +adj. （+for sb.)+to do sth. 發(fā)現(xiàn)

22、怎么樣17. be excited about 因.而興奮不已 e.g.: we were excited about the good news. 同根詞：excite v. 使激動，使興奮 excited adj.激動的，興奮的（常用來修飾人） exciting adj.令人激動的，興奮的(常用來修飾事或物）excitement n.激動，興奮they areabout thenews.a. excited, excitedb. exciting, excitingc. exciting, excitedd. excited, exciting18. could 的用法:表建議，語氣較委婉

23、“可以”e.g.: you could help to clean the park.can 的過去式，表示過去具備的能力。e.g.: she couldnt dress herself untilfive.19. 動詞不定式的用法作主語to learn english well is very important.=it is very important to learnenglish well.作表語my job is to look after patients.作賓語we want to go swimming.作賓語補足語she invited me to go to the co

24、ncert.作定語i have something important to tell you.作狀語中考再現(xiàn):ishe got up early to catch the early bus.a.動詞不定式的語法功能was tired out, so i stopped the cara short rest.a. haveb. havingc. to haved. had狀語：狀語是用于說明地點、時間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等的一種句法成份.狀語一般由副詞、介詞短語、分詞和分詞短語、不定式或相當于副詞的詞或短語來擔當.其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中.1

25、. 副詞是一種用來修飾動詞,形容詞,副詞或全句的詞,說明時間,地點,程度,方式等概念.he speaks english very well. 他英語說得非常好. （very 是程度副詞,用來修飾well. very well 是修飾 speak 的程度狀語）2. 介詞短語the boy was praised for his bravery. 那個男孩因為他的勇敢受到了表揚.（for his bravery 在句中作原因狀語）3. 從句作狀語if i am not busy tomorrow, i will play football with you. 如果我明天不忙,我將和你一起踢足球.

26、（if i am not busy tomorrow 在句中作條件狀語）4. 不定式在句子中可以作目的狀語.i come specially to see you. 我專門來看你. （to see you 在句中充當目的狀語）5. 分詞作狀語having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper.和他妻子吵架后,他生氣地地離家出走了.（having had a quarrel 在句中作時間狀語） reminded not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager left for

27、the airport in a hurry. （reminded not to miss the flight at 15:20 在句中作時間狀語）由于時間關系,所附例句有限,希望你能對狀語有一個概要的了解.b. “特殊疑問詞+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)動詞不定式可以用在疑問詞 what, how, when, where, which 等之后，作主語， 賓語，表語等。e.g.: how to get there is a problem.（作主語） i dont know what to say.(作賓語）the question is how to learn english well.(作表語）

28、中考再現(xiàn)：its important for us to knowall the subjects.-yeah, group work is my favorite.a. how to studyb. when to studyc. which to studyd. what to studyc.含動詞不定式的常用搭配有些動詞只能跟動詞不定式作賓語 plan, hope, agree, decide 等。e.g.: we plan to go climbing.my father agreed to take us to the museum. they decide to join the

29、swimming club.有些動詞后要跟動詞不定式作賓語補足語：want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事tell sb.to do sth.告訴某人做某事encourage sb.to do sth.鼓勵某人做某事warn sb.to do sth.警告某人做某事ask sb.to do sth.請求某人做某事advise sb. to do sth.建議某人做某事中考再現(xiàn):we advise parentstheir children at home alone in order to keep them awayfrom danger.a. leavingb. not to

30、leavec. leaved. to leave20. repair, mend, fix 區(qū)別repair 意為 “修理”，修理的對象著重于破損，毀壞或發(fā)生故障不能正常使用的物體。e.g. : when i got home, my brother was repairing his radio.mend 意為“修理”，修理的對象是一些瑣碎的物品。如粘貼的小用具， 玩具，要縫補的衣物等。e.g.：my kite is broken. can you mend it？fix 意為“修理”，強調(diào)校準，校正。e.g.: hes outside fixing the brakes in the ca

31、r.alone可以作形容詞，副詞，強調(diào)獨自一人，沒有同伴。作形容詞時，在句中多用作表語或賓語補足語，不能作定語。lonely只能作形容詞，意為“孤獨的，寂寞的”帶有一定的感情色彩21. alone, lonely 區(qū)別i was alone, but i did not feel lonely.中考再現(xiàn):she livesin a small village, but she didnt feel.a. lonely, lonely b. alone, lonelyc. lonely, alone22. open, close, turn on, turn offopenclose用于能直接打

32、開或關上的東西，如：門，窗，盒子，書turn onturn off用于需要通過按鈕，遙控或旋轉(zhuǎn)才能打開的東西，如：電器（燈，電視，電腦）或水龍頭 tap23. bring, take, carry, fetchbring意為“帶來”，指把某人或某物從別的地方帶到說話人處take意為“帶走”,指把某人或某物從說話人處帶到別的地方carry一般指 “隨身攜帶”,此外多用于汽車，火車的交通工具時，表“運載”fetch表示“去取來”，口語中常用 get，表示“去某地取某物，再回來”，表雙向動作unite3 could you please clean your room?接受請求時可以用 yes, s

33、ure./sure./of course./certainly./no problem./mypleasure./its my pleasure./with pleasure.等來回答拒絕請求時其否定句是:“可以用 sorry./sorry, i cant.等來回答，還可以用 i have to dosth.來解釋原因1. “could you please do sth.?”的答語以下兩種情況：could you please not do sth.?”2. 有關“家務勞動”有關的短語：take out the rubbish/trash 倒垃圾fold ones clothes 疊衣服sw

34、eep the floor 掃地clean the room 打掃房間make ones /the bed 鋪床do the dishes/wash the dishes 洗餐具3. throw down 扔下throw at 扔向，擲向throw away 扔掉，丟棄中考再現(xiàn)：recycling is good, so dontbottles or newspapers.a. find outb. hand inc. use upd. throw away4. the minute 表示“一.就 .”,相當于 as soon as.(引導時間狀語從句) e.g.: ill tell him

35、the minute he gets there.5. 常見 time 的短語：all the time 一直，總是 at times 不時，有時 in time 及時 on time 按時for the first time 第一次 in no time 立刻，馬上at any time 隨時at the same 同時have a good/great/wonderful time 玩 的 愉快by the time 到.的時候中考再現(xiàn)： -hurry up. its almost time for school.-dont worry. we are sure to be at scho

36、ol.a. at timesb. on timec. all the timed. by the time中考再現(xiàn)：hurry up. its almost time for school.-dont worry. we are sure to be at school.否 定 結(jié) 構(gòu) 是 not as/soas, 表示“不如.,比不上.”aat timesb. on timec. all the timed. by the time6. as .as 表示“和一樣”，之間要用形容詞或副詞的原級。e.g.: she is as tall as her elder brother.中考再現(xiàn)：lo

37、ok! this house is asas that one.a. the most beautifulb. more beautifulc. beautiful結(jié)構(gòu)用法so+助動詞/be 動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語當前面敘述的肯定事實也適用于后者時neither+助動詞/be 動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語當前面敘述的否定事實也適用于后者時7. so, neither 引導的倒裝句中考再現(xiàn)：i dont understand the story in the new unit. what about you,bob? -. a. neither i dob. neither do ic. so do i8

38、. in surprise 驚訝地 e.g.: she looked at me in surprise.9. 賓語從句要用陳述句語序。e.g.: she asked me why i liked cartoons.中考再現(xiàn)：-id like to knowmaybe in the forest.a. whether we will go campingb. where we will go campingc. whether will we go campingd. where will we go camping10. in order to “目的是，為了”，后跟動詞原形。in orde

39、r to do sth. 表示“為了做某事”，否定結(jié)構(gòu)是 in order not to do sth. “為了不做某事”。so that, in order that 表示“目的是，為了”，用來引導目的狀語從句，可以轉(zhuǎn)換為含 to, in order to 的句子。中考再現(xiàn):in orderfor the meeting, my sister forced herself to get up early thismorning.a. not to be lateb. not being latec. to be lated. being late11. provide sb. with st

40、h.=provide sth. for sb.表示“給某人提供某物”。中考再現(xiàn)：parents oftentheir childrensome good advice.a. offer; withb. offer;/c. provide; withd. both b and c12. “動詞+on”的短語：depend on/upon 依賴，依靠，取決于., 由.決定get on 上車turn on 打開come on 快點，加油put on 穿上，上演call on 號 召pass on 傳遞concentrate on 專心，集中精力中考再現(xiàn)： -mum, shall we go to t

41、he beach tomorrow?-itthe weather.a. carries onb. lives onc. depends ond. holds on13. since 作連詞，意味“因為，既然”，此時引導原因狀語從句，表示因果時語氣沒有 because 強烈。（介詞），自以來,自從he has eaten nothing since yesterday.（副詞），從那以后，此后i saw him in june, but we havent met since.(連詞)，既然， 因為，自以來中考再現(xiàn): i he has been in the army since he left

42、 school.scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when i was five yearsold.a. will beb. wasc. have beend. would be14. take care of 表示“照顧”，和 look after, care for 是同義表達；表示“好好照顧某人”要用 take good care of sb. =look after sb.well.中考再現(xiàn)：in our daily life, we must learn toourselves well at any time. it s as impo

43、rtant as studying. a. deal withb. worry aboutc. look after15. as a result 意為“結(jié)果，因此”eg.: he didnt study hard., he failed his exam.fall 的短語小結(jié)：fall asleep 睡著，入睡fall ill 生病fall behind 落 后fall off 跌落，從跌下來fall down 跌倒，摔倒fall in love with愛上. heand has been in hospital for two days.重點難點全解16. 用 could 提出要求和征求

44、許可 用 could 提出要求常見的結(jié)構(gòu)是 could you( please)? 譯為“你能嗎？”或“請你.好嗎？”如果同意就用 ok.或 no problem.等來回答。如果不同意就用 sorry,i cant.等來回答，并以委婉的方式來解釋原因。中考再現(xiàn)：could you please sweep the floor, tom?-sorry, mum, iim doing my homework.a. cantb. mustntc. needntd. may not-could you please turn off the tv?-，ii want to watch the spor

45、ts news.a. no; couldntb. sorry; cantc. sure; cand. sorry; couldnt 用 could 征求許可常見的結(jié)構(gòu)是 could i.?可翻譯為“我能/可以嗎？”此時回答不用could, 習慣上肯定回答用 may, can 等；否定回答用 cant 或 mustnt(語氣中)。中考再現(xiàn)：could i borrow your bike, please?-.a. of course you canb. it doesnt matterc. yes, id love tod. no, thank you易錯易混全解 both, either, n

46、either, all, noneboth譯為“兩者都”，用于兩者之間，可以和 and 搭配，bothand表示“.和都”neither是 both 的完全否定形式，表示“兩個都不”。可以和 nor 搭配，neithernor表示“和都不”either表示“兩個人或物中的一個”?？梢院?or 搭配，neitheror表示“或者或者.;要么.要么.”all譯為“全部”，用于三者或三者以上的人或物之間none是 all 的完全否定形式，譯為“沒有一個”中考再現(xiàn)：jiefangbeiis not far from chaotianmen. you can easily visitin a day.a

47、. eachb. nonec. bothd. neither borrow, lend, keepborrow表示“借；借來；借入”，指向別人借來東西，搭配是 borrow sth from sb.lend表示“借給，借出”，指把東西借給別人，搭配是 lend sb. sth.或 lend sth. to sb.keep表示“長時間地借用”，可以和時間段以及 how long 搭配中考再現(xiàn)：the librarian told me that i couldthese magazines for 3 days.a. borrowb. buyc. keepd. returnunit 4why d

48、ont you talk to your parents?1. allow sb. to do sth. “允許某人做某事”， 也可以是 allow sb. sth. 其被動語態(tài)是“主語+be allowed to do sth.”, “某人被允許做某事”中考再現(xiàn)：my parents didnt allow meto the party.a. gob. to goc. goesd. wenthang out 閑 逛 eg.: she often hangs out in the supermarket.2. whats wrong (with sb.)?= whats the matter?

49、 詢問“某人怎么了”egwhats wrong with you?i dont feel well.wrong 作形容詞，意為“有毛病的，錯誤的”。近義詞：false 錯誤的incorrect 不正確的。反義詞：right 正確的correct 正確的eg.: theres something wrong with my bike.3. till, until用于肯定句時，主句的動詞用延續(xù)性動詞，它所表示的動作一直持續(xù)到till 或 until 表示的時間為止，意為“直到.為止”well wait until the rain stops.用于否定句時，主句的動詞一般是非延續(xù)性動詞，它所表示的

50、動作直到till 或 until 所表示的時間才發(fā)生，意為“直到.(才)”they did not return home until it began to rain.中考再現(xiàn): julie didnt leave her officethe police arrived.a. howeverb. wheneverc. whiled. until4. why not do sth.?= why dont you do sth.? “為什么不做某事呢？”中考再現(xiàn)：we can invite nick and nora to shanghai disneyland with us.-? ill

51、give them a call right now.5. look through 翻閱，瀏覽 look at 看 look for 尋找 look after 照顧look down 向 下看 look around 環(huán)顧，往四下看 look up 向上看，查閱look out 小心 look up to 仰慕，看得起 look down on 看不起look over 仔 細 檢 查 look forward to 期 待中考再現(xiàn):-i found my sistermy things and took my new magazines. whatshould i do?i guess

52、you should tell her its not right.a. looking throughb. looking upc. looking for find sb. doing sth. 意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事”i found my sisterwith her friends in the garden.a. playsb. playingc. playedd. to play6.so that意為“以便；以使”,引導目的狀語從句so.that表示“如此.以至于”，so 后跟形容詞或副詞，that 后引出結(jié)果狀語從句such.that意思和 so.that 相同，但 such

53、后跟名詞，so 后跟形容詞或副詞中考再現(xiàn)： -where is tom？-he is practicingenglishhe can win the speechcompetition.a. to speak; in order tob. speaking; so thatc. speaking; in order tod. to speak; so that7. although, though, even though 都可以用來引導讓步狀語從句，它們都不能和 but 同時使用。中考再現(xiàn)：mike didnt win the race, he was still wearing a smi

54、le on his face.a. ifb. sincec. althoughd. because8. work out 解決（問題),改善（狀況）point out 指出go out 出 去find out 發(fā)現(xiàn)，查明take out 取出，掏出turn out 結(jié) 果是run out 用 完-i believe that you canthis problem by yourself.-thank you for your encouragement.a.work outb. take outc. turn outd. run out9. get on with=get along with 和睦相處，關系良好get on/along well with sb.和某人相處得很好中考再現(xiàn):we should think more of others if we want tothe