最新人教版版八年級下冊英語一至三單元知識點

1、Unit 1 What s the matter?1. Whats the matter with you?= Whats the trouble with you?= Whats wrong with you?你怎么了？matter和trouble為名詞，其前可加the或形容詞性物主代詞，wrong是adj.不能加the用于詢問某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻煩、問題其后跟詢問對象時，與介詞with連用。即：Whats the matter with sb.?=Whats your trouble?= Whats up?= What happens to sb.?2. I had a cold.

2、 have a cough咳嗽我感冒了。have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu感冒have a stomachache胃疼，肚子疼have a toothachehave a fever牙疼發(fā)燒have a headache頭疼3. 身體部位 +ache（疼痛）構成新的復合詞stomach+ache=stomachachehead+ache=headachetooth+ache=toothacheback+ache=backache后背痛4. much too+形容詞，意為太 .， too much+名詞，意為很多，大量。5. enough 【形容、副詞】足

3、夠的/ 地， enough 放在 名前后，形副后。good enough 足夠好， enough money=much money6. lie down7.sound like+躺下， lie躺，躺著，過去式lay ； lie名詞代詞和從句： It sounds like you don說謊，過去式liedt know the truth.It sounds like a good idea.sound+形容詞，“聽起來，好像”，The music sounds nice.8. need 需要，實義動詞 need+名詞，需要某物；need to do sth.需要做某事，主語通常是人，表示人主

4、動的動作：You need to listen carefully during class.need doing sth.主語通常是物，表示被動的動作：Your dirty clothes need washing.9. get off (the bus)下（公交車）get on上車10. agree同意，贊同 ;agree with sth.同意某事agree to sb.同意某人的意見12. be in trouble遇到麻煩， make trouble制造麻煩，have trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulties (in) doing sth1

5、3. right away=right now=at once，意為馬上。14.【復習】 advice 不可數名詞 勸告，建議，向 征求意見，做 .有麻煩。givesb. adviceon sth. 就某事給某人建議；advise動詞advise sb. to do sth.建議某人做某事advise sb. doing sth.15. hurt及物動詞，使 疼痛， 受傷，He hurt his leg while exercising.不及物動詞， （部位）疼。His leg hurt badly.16. hit（用手或器具）打；擊打The boy hit the dog with a st

6、one.hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的頭、鼻子、后背，on 用在所打較硬的部位；hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach打某人的臉、眼睛、肚子，in 用在所打較軟的部位。17.beused to sth./doing sth. 習慣于、適應了 、做某事，強調狀態(tài)；His grandpa was used to country life.Mary is not used togettingup early in the morning.get/ becomeused to sth./ doing sth.“變得習慣，逐漸適應 ”強

7、調過程、動作：It s difficult for one to get used to another countrys habit.18. When his waterrun out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.物 :sth.run out.某物用盡了。人 :sb.run out of sth.人用盡了某物。He run out of allhis money lastnight.19. risk (sb.) to do sth.冒險去做某事take a risk=take risks冒險

8、20. the importance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性We students should know the importance of (learning)English.importancen.重要（性），important adj.重要的， unimportant adj.不重要的21. decision【名詞】 決定；抉擇； make a decision做決定 ;make a decisionto do sth.= decideto do sth.。22. be in the control of 掌管，管理The headmaster is in t

9、he control of this new school.be out of control無法控制，無法管理be under control被控制住，在控制之中23.mind 意為介意， mind doing sth.介意做某事 ,Would you mind my opening the window?24. give up (doi年 g) sth.放棄（做）某事，give up (playing) computer games；二、重點語法【反身代詞】英語中共有八個反身代詞，在使用時應注意和它所指的相應的對象在人稱、性別、數上保持一致。數人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數myselfy

10、ourselfhimself herselfitself復數ourselvesyourselvesthemselves【用法】1. 可用作賓語，指的是賓語和主語表示同一個或同一些的人或事物。如： Maria bought herselfa scarf.Wemust lookafterourselvesverywell.2. 可用作表語，指的是表語和主語表示同一個或同一些人或事物。如： She isn t quite herself today.3. 可用作主語或賓語的同位語，常用來加強語氣。如： She herself will fly to London tomorrow.I met the

11、 writer himself last week.4. 用在某些固定短語當中。如： look after oneself / take care of oneself照顧自己teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自學enjoy oneself玩得高興，過得愉快help oneself to sth請自用 （隨便吃/ 喝些 ） .hurt oneself摔傷自己say to oneself自言自語leave sb. by oneself把某人單獨留下buy oneself sth.給自己買 東西introduce oneself介紹 自己提醒 1.反

12、身代詞不能單獨做主語，但可以做主語的同位語，起強調作用。如：我自己能完成作業(yè)。（誤） Myself can finish my homework.(正 ) I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homeworkmyself.2. 反身代詞表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的東西”，因為它沒有所有格的形式。表達“某人自己的（東西）”時，須要用 ones own.如：我用我自己的蠟筆畫畫。 （誤）I m drawingwith myselfcrayons.(正) Im drawingwith my own crayons.Unit 2I

13、ll help to clean up the city parks一、基本知識點1. sick生病的，有病的；可在句中作表語Mary could not come because she is sick.也可作定語a sick child【區(qū)別 ill 】 ill 與 sick 同義；但是只在句中做表語，不做定語。Mary could not come because she is ill.2. cheer (sb.) up（讓某人）變得高興；振奮起來The good news cheered up everyone in our class.3. give out 分發(fā)；散發(fā) =hand

14、out.The teacher is giving out/ handing out the test papers. give sth. out to sb. 意為把某物分發(fā)給某人4. volunteer【名詞】志愿者【動詞】義務做，自愿做（某事）自愿做某事，The girls could volunteer in an after-school study program.5. used to do sth. 過去 /曾經 (常 )做某事，表示過去的習慣、動作或狀態(tài)，并強調現在已經不再存在或發(fā)生。There used to be a cinema here.這里曾有一個照相機。They t

15、old me stories about the past and how things used to be.他們告訴我關于這里過去的故事。6. alone 【形容詞】獨自一人的，無感情色彩：The musician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself.lonely（感到）孤獨寂寞的，帶有很強的感情色彩，可做表語或定語。The lonely boy is not lonely now.7. care for sb./sth.照顧；照料 care 【名詞】小心，關心take care of=look after 【動詞】 care ab

16、out sb./sth.關心，在意某人 /事 【形容詞】 careful仔細的/ careless粗心的【副詞】 carefully仔細地8. such “這樣的，這種，如此”，用于修飾名詞such+ a/ an+ 形容詞 +單數名詞 ：such a good day多么美好的一天/such an exciting match多么精彩的比賽such+ 形容詞 +復數名詞 /不可數名詞 ： such important decisions 多么重要的建議such delicious food 多么美味的食物如果名詞前被many, much, few, little修飾時，只能用so，而不用suc

17、h： so many sick children/ so little time9. try out for 參加選拔，爭取成為 Thirty football players tried out for the Best Player of the year. try out試用，試驗10. journey（尤指長途）旅行行程；trip 多指短途旅行；travel travel around the world【名詞】 traveler 旅行者11.【復習】 be busy with sth.忙于（ 做）什么事情be busy doing sth.忙于（做）什么事情12. try doing

18、 sth.試著去做某事try to do sth.盡力去做某事try ones best (to do sth.) 盡某人最大的努力去做某事13.【復習】 be worried about sb./ sth. = worry about sb./ sth.擔心某人、某事14. raise money 集資，籌錢； raise money for 為 籌錢 raise 【動詞】舉起；提高；募集15. keep【動詞】 keep+名詞，保留（某物）； keep+形容詞，保持16.【形容詞】 broken 破損的，出毛病的； blind 瞎的，失明的； deaf 聾的； disabled 有殘疾的，

19、喪失能力的；在句中做定語和表語。17. make it possible (for sb.) to do sth.使（某人）做某事成為可能， make it + 形容詞 (+for sb.) to do sth.使（某人）做某事成為 ；think/find it + 形容詞 to do sth.18. make a difference to 對 有影響；對 有作用，The rain made no difference to the game.difference 前可以用no, any, some, much 等修飾，如Hard-working makes much difference

20、to study.19. difficulty 【可數 / 不可數】表示抽象意義的“困難”時為不可數；表示具體的“難題、難事”時為可數；have difficulty (in) doing sth.= have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困難20. train 【動詞】訓練，trained 為過去分詞，可做定語，意為“受過訓練的”a trained dog21. be excited about sth.對某事感到興奮，Everyone is excited about the good news.22. order【名詞】命令，指示；順序，次序【動詞】訂購；點（菜

21、）follow the order 。23. change 【動詞】變化，改變It s hard for a person to change his life(style).【名詞】變化；零change A for B用 A 換成 B ： When you travel in China, remember to change US dollars for RMB.24. repair 【動詞】修理，修補；fix 【動詞】安裝；使固定【 fix up 修理 =repair 】Unit3 Could you please clean your room?1. Peter ,could you

22、pleasetake out the trash?彼得，你能把垃圾倒了嗎？Could you please do sth ?請你（做） .好嗎？用于提出請求，希望得到對方的肯定回答，說話的語氣比較客氣委婉。Could 不是 can 的過去式，是委婉、禮貌的說法。回答用 can.【常用答語】肯定回答：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem.否定回答：Sorry , I cant2、 take out 取出（ v+ adv） 【注】 : 跟代詞做賓語，代詞放中間；跟名詞做賓語，可放在中間，也可放在后邊take out the trash倒垃圾take a

23、walk散步take away 拿走 take back收回take place 發(fā)生 take off 脫下； 起飛3.Can you do the dishes. ？那你可以洗盤子嗎？do the dishes 洗碗1.do the + 名詞： do the dishes/ laundry洗餐具 / 衣服2.do the + 動詞 -ingdo the cleaning 打掃衛(wèi)生結構3.do one s 名+詞do one shomework做家庭作業(yè)4.do some +動詞 -ingdo some reading/ shopping讀寫書 / 購物4、 Could I at least

24、 finish watching this show?至少讓我看完這個節(jié)目可以嗎？1】 Could I dosth? 我可以做 .嗎？用于表達請求，語氣比較委婉。Could I go out with my classmate this weekend?2】 at least 至少，。 (反 ) at most至少，不超過Now all of us exercise at least an hour a day and outside school.3】 finish v 結束；完成finish doing sth做完某事 Can you finish _reading_ these book

25、s before 10 oclock?5、 I think two hours of TV isenough for you!我覺得你看兩個小時的電視已經足夠了。1】 two hours of TV表示時間、距離、金額、度量等詞語作主語時，通常被視作整體，謂語動詞用單數形式。How time is flies! Three years _is_(be) really a short time.【注意】 enough 修飾名詞時，置于名詞前；修飾形容詞時，置于形容詞之后。Mr. Smith has enough money ,but he isn t kind enough to help ot

26、hers.6、 Could you take out the rubbish, fold the clothes and do the dishes?你能把垃圾倒了。把衣服疊好，再把碗洗了嗎？take 的用法：1.拿 取 Please take some books to the classroom.2.吃，喝服用Take this medicine three times a day.3.乘 They usually take the bus to work.4.花費時間 / 金錢 It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.take

27、a walk 去散步take a rest 休息take care of 照顧take off脫下；起飛take up 占據take down拿下take one s time不急；慢慢來take one s temperature量體溫7. The minute I sat down in front ofthe TV, my mom came over . 我剛坐在電視機前面，我媽媽就過來了?！窘馕?1】 the minute = as soon as“一 . 就 .Please” write to me the minute you get there.【解析 2】 in front o

28、f指在物體外部的【記】 The policeman stood _ in front of _ the car.in the front of 指在物體內部的前面The driver sat _ in the front of _ the car.有 the 無 the 區(qū)別大 at table吃飯；進餐at the table在桌邊in hospital住院 in the hospital在醫(yī)院（不一定看?。ヽome 短語 ： come across（偶然）發(fā)現come back回來come up with 想出come true 實現come down 下來come from=be fro

29、m來自 ,出生于 come in/into進入 ,進來 come on 趕快 ,加油come along 走吧 ,過來 ,快點come and go 來來去去come up 上來come out 出來， (花 )開， (照片 )沖洗出來7. You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house!你總是看電視，從不幫忙做家務！all the time = always8. I m juasttired as you are!我和你一樣累！【解析】 as.as .和.一樣 .9. For one week , she did n

30、ot do any housework andneither did I . 一周的時間，她不做任何家務，我也不做?！窘馕觥?neither + 助動詞 / 系動詞 / 情態(tài)動詞+主語“某人（主語）也不 ” neither 兩者都不neithernor既不 也不 , 連接兩個詞做主語，謂語動詞由后一個主語確定Neither Tom nor Jim is a student 表達 “ 也不 則用“ Neither /Nor + be / V 助10. The next day , my mom came home from work to/ V 情 + 主 ” The first one was

31、n find the house clean and tidy.Neitherbadwas. the second.【解析】 find + 賓語 +賓語補足語【注】 find foundv 尋found找(1) find sb. doing sth發(fā)現某人做某事(2) find it + adj. + to do sth 發(fā)現做某事很 find it difficult/ hard to do sth發(fā)現做某事很困難She found _it_ hard to finish the work by herself.11. She asked in surprise .她吃驚地問道。【解析】 i

32、n surprise驚奇地；吃驚地surprise v 使吃驚 surprising adj. 令人吃驚的 surprised adj. 吃驚的to one s surprise使某人吃驚的是in surprise 吃驚地be surprised at對 感到吃驚12.“ I m do sorry, Mom. I finish understand that wen ed to share the housework to have a clean and comfortable home.I replied.對不“起，媽媽。我終于理解為了擁有一個干凈、舒適的家我們需要共同來分擔家務?！蔽一卮?/p>

33、說?！窘馕?1】 needv 需要用于肯定句，是實義動詞。(1)人做主語， sb. need to do sth某人需要做某事(2)物做主語， sth need doing sth= sth need to be done用于否定句或疑問句，是情態(tài)動詞(1)needn t = don t have沒有to必要(2)need ,must引導的一般疑問句，肯定會的用must, 否定回答用needn t Must I go there now? Yes， you must/No, you neednt【解析 2】 share 分享；共用share sth 分享或共用某物share sth with

34、sb.與某人分享某物(All his friends _Shared_ his happiness when he won the match.13. Could you please pass me the salt ?你能把鹽遞給我嗎pass sb.sth 把某物遞給某Pass on 傳遞Please pass thepaper on to the other students. v 通過；路過I pass your home. v 通過（考試） ；及格Tom can pass his math exam.15. Could I borrow that book? 我能借下你那本書看嗎、C

35、ould you lend me some money? 你能借我一些錢嗎？(1)borrow , 與 from 連用，尤指主語 “借進來 ” borrow sth from sb. 從某人那里借某物You can borrow the book from the library.(2)lend ,與 to 搭配指借出去 lend sb sth=lend sth to sb把某物借給某人 He doesn t want to lend his book tothers.(3) (3)keep 保留，保存（延續(xù)動詞，可以與表示一段時間的狀語連用）【指借一段時間】I want to _borrow

36、_ a bike from my friend but he didn t _lendauseitTomtome,hadbeckept_ it for two days.16. I cut my finger and Itrying notmto getit wet. 我的手指割傷了，傷口不能弄濕。try (not) to do sth努力（不）做某事。(1)try on試穿(2) try to do sth努力做某事【側重盡力做】(3) try doing sth試圖做某事【側重嘗試做】(4)try one s best to do sth= do sonebst to do sth盡某人最

37、大努力做某事17. I hate to do chores.我討厭做家務。hate to do sth討厭做某事 , 表示某次具體行為或動作。I hate to trouble him.hate doing sth 不愿意做某事表示經?；蛄晳T性行為或動作。She hates smoking in her room.18.Could I ask you to help me with some chores then? 那我能請求你幫我做些雜活嗎？【解析】 ask sb. to do sth 要求某人做某事。ask for 請求，要某物ask sb. about sth 向某人詢問關于某事(1)

38、ask sb. for help 向某人請求幫助(2) ask sb. (not) to do sth 請求某人做某事ask sb. to do sth 請某人做某事ask sb. not to do sth不讓某人做某事ask sb for sth向某人要某物ask for help 尋求幫助19.I finishll my homeworkwhile you help me with the dishes. 當你幫我洗盤子的時候，我將完成我的家庭作業(yè)?！窘馕?1】 finish doing sth完成某事 Can you finish _reading_ these books befor

39、e 10 o clock?【解析 2】 while conj.在 期“間；當 的時候 ”While引導的時間狀語從句的謂語動詞只能是延續(xù)動詞。While the children have fun, parents can take dance lessons on the beach.【解析 3】 help sb. with sth.在某事上幫助某人。help v 幫助 helpful adj. 有幫助的(1)help sb. do sth. =help sb. with sth.幫助某人做某事(2)with the help ofsb.=with one s 在help某人的幫助之下(3)

40、without the help of沒有在 的幫助之下1.I think reading is very helpful .2.Without your help, we couldn t catch the thief.20. Could I invite my friends to a party? 我能邀請我的朋友們來聚會嗎？【解析】 invite sb. to Sp.邀請某人去某地【解析】 invitev invitationn 邀請 (1) invite sb. to do sth邀請某人做某事(2)invite sb. to + 地點邀請某人去某地21.I don t under

41、stand why someparents make their kids helpwith housework and chores at home.我不理解為什么有些父母在家讓孩子們幫忙做家務和雜務。【解析】 make sb. do sth 讓某人做某事make made made v做.， 制作， 使得(1) make sb/sth + 形容詞“讓某人或某物 ” make you happy(2) make sb/sth do sth使某人做某事make me laugh.22.They don havet time to studyand do housework ，too.他們也沒有

42、時間來學習家務和做家務?！窘馕觥?have time to do sth. 有時間做某事 have time =be free 有空23. Housework is a waste of their time. 做家務是在浪費他們的時間。a waste of浪費 a waste of time浪費時間awaste of money 浪費金waste time/money on sthwaste time / money (in) doing sth 在做某事上花費時間/ 金錢24.They should spend their time onschoolwork in order toget

43、good grades and get into a good university.為了取得好成績并考上一所好大學，他們應該把時間用在學習上。in order to 目的是；為了后接動詞原形。 in order to do sth為了做某事 He ran quickly in order not to be late for the meeting.【解析 2】 get into =enter 進入【拓展】與 get 相關的短語：get up 起床 get back返回get over 克服get dressed 穿衣get into 進入get/be lost 丟失get off/on 下

44、/ 上車get on well with sb. 與某人相處得好get out of從 出來get warm 變曖get ready for +n. 為 做準備get ready to do sth. 準備做某事get well 康復get a chance 有機會、得到機會get/go to sleep(fall asleep) 入睡相關： (be asleep 睡著 )25.Also,when theyget older , they will have to do housrwork so thereforthemsno toneeddo it now.而且，當他們長大的時候，他們也將會

45、做家務，因此，他們沒必要現在在做。get/ become/ go辨析：get+adj 較多地與形容詞比較級連用。The days are getting longer and longer. become 強調變化的結果Its becoming colder and colder. go+adj. 表示令人不快的事情 go bad 變壞， go blind 變瞎， go hungry 挨餓26. It is the parentsprovidejobtoa clean and comfortable environment at homefor their children.在家為孩子們提供一

46、個干凈、舒適的環(huán)境是父母的義務?！窘馕觥?provide sth. for sb.為某人提供某物provide sb. with sth. (sb前介詞用 for)=provide sth for sb.( sth 前需加介詞 with) 供應某人某物相當于： offer sb. sth. = offer sth to vide為應急等做好準備而 “提供； 供給 ”provide sb. with sth. =provide sth for sb. 提供某人某物offer側重表示 “愿意給予 ”offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb.對某人提供某物offe

47、r to do sth 主動提出干某事supply定期 “供應 ” 強,調替代或補充所需物品Supply sb. with sth=supply sth. to sb. 為某人提供某物 The Internet providesus _a lot ofinformation we need.27. And anyway , I think doing chores is not so difficult.無論如何，我認為做家務并不那么難。【解析】 anyway 無論如何 ,(一般放在句首，用逗號和句子隔開）28. I think it is important for children to learnhow to do chores and help their parents with housework.我認為對孩子們來說，學習如何做雜務并幫助他們的父母做家務是很重要的?！窘馕觥?It is important for sb. to do sth.對某人來說做某事是重要的29. Children these days depend on their parents too much.現在的孩子太依賴他們的父母。30. Everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy.每個人都有責任保持家