考研英語真題閱讀理解試題及名師解析十一

1、 Lesson 80The crystal palace 單詞學(xué)習(xí)?palace ?n. 宮殿extraordinary ?adj. 不平常的，非凡的?exhibition ?n. ?展覽iron ?n. ?鐵various ?adj. 各種各樣的?machinery ?n. 機(jī)器?display ?n. 展覽?steam ?n. 蒸汽?profit ?n. 利潤?college ?學(xué)院n. ? ?palace 宮殿n.?這是一座豪華的宮殿。This is a luxury palace.?英國女王住在白金漢宮。?The Queen of England lives in Buckingham

2、 ?Palace.奢侈的luxuryl?k?(?)r? ? ?extraordinary adj.不平常的，非凡的，奇怪的?他竟然在晚會(huì)上睡覺，簡直太奇怪了?Its extraordinary that he slept through the party.?他的記憶力驚人。He has an extraordinary memory.? ?exhibition 展覽n.他們舉辦了一個(gè)高科技產(chǎn)品的展覽。?They held an exhibition on hi-tech products.?make an exhibition of oneself?(做蠢事而使自己) 丟臉,出洋相?恐怕弗蘭

3、克喝醉了并且出了洋相。?Im afraid Frank got drunk and made an exhibition of himself.高科技的簡寫high technology是hi-tech? ?iron ?（1）n.鐵中國出口鐵。?China exported iron.?打鐵要趁熱。?Strike while the iron is hot.?（2）?n. 熨斗（3）?v. 熨衣服你能幫我熨下衣服嗎？?Could you iron me this shirt? ? ?various 各種各樣的?學(xué)校收到了教育部的各種獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。?The school has received va

4、rious grants from the education department. ?由于各種各樣的原因，她接受了這份工作。?She took the job for various reasons. ?做這件事有各種各樣的方法。There are various ways of doing this.? ?machinery ?（1）機(jī)器（總稱）這是一臺(tái)極好的機(jī)器。?This is a wonderful piece of machinery.?一大批新機(jī)器是從美國進(jìn)口的。?A lot of new machinery was imported from ?America.（2）社會(huì)、政

5、治等之 制度?,機(jī)構(gòu),組織,機(jī)關(guān)the machinery of government?政治機(jī)構(gòu)?the machinery of the law?司法機(jī)關(guān)? ?display ?（1）n.展覽?中山公園每年舉辦花展。?A flower display is held every year in the Zhongshan Park.?（2）v. 展覽?各種款式的套裝被陳列于櫥窗中?Various styles of suits are displayed in the shop windows. ?steam ?（1）n.蒸汽誰發(fā)明的蒸汽機(jī)？?Who invented steam engin

6、e?他的眼鏡蒙上了一層薄薄的水汽。?His glasses were covered with a film of steam.?（2）v. ?冒蒸汽The kettle is steaming.?那只茶壺在冒著蒸汽? ?profit ?（1）n.利潤凈利net profit?毛利?Gross profit他們通過削減成本增加了贏利。?They increased profits by cutting down the cost.?這是一項(xiàng)贏利的投資。?This is a profit-making investment.?Stores haven?t made as much profit

7、as usual this year.?The profits from the exhibition were used to build museums and colleges ?（2）(U)利益,好處你將從學(xué)習(xí)中獲得益處?You will get profit from your studies.?（3?）v. 獲益智者由自己的過失中得到教益?A wise person profits from his mistakes.?I have profited much from your advice/this book/ ?living abroad. ?College 學(xué)院n.?她去年

8、上的大學(xué)。She went to college last year.?他在醫(yī)學(xué)院上學(xué)。?He studies at a medical college.? Sentence & Expressions?Perhaps the most extraordinary building of the nineteenth century was the Cristal Palace which was built in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of 1851.?be built for 為.而建?Great Exhibition=Worlds fair

9、 世界博覽會(huì)?fair 可以指展覽會(huì)?書展a book fair? The Crystal Palace was different from all other buildings ?in the world, for it was made of iron and glassbe different from 與.不同?送交的貨品與樣品大不相同?The goods delivered were very different from the sample.deliverd?l?v?交付；發(fā)表；遞送；釋放?for 表原因:！for是并列連詞，不能置于含兩個(gè)并列分句的句子的句首，只能將其放在兩

10、個(gè)分句中間。For he is ill, he is absent today. ?He is absent today, for he is ill. ?be made of -用.制造(用于原材料顯而易見的場合)The desk is made of wood.?be made from -)用于原材料不易看出的場合所做成的由.(The paper is made from wood. ? ?It was one of the biggest buildings of all time and a lot of people from many countries came to see

11、it.?of all time 空前的，有史以來（常與形容詞的最高級(jí)連用，表示范圍）?He is one of the greatest men of all time.?“one of =最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的語氣比直接用形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞結(jié)構(gòu)要緩和些，不那么絕對。?Yesterday was the hottest day of the year.?Yesterday was one of the hottest days of the year.?A great many goods were sent to the exhibition from various parts of t

12、he world.很多a great many There was also a great deal of machinery on display. The most wonderful piece of machinery on show was Nasmyths steam hammer.?on display/on show: 展出的；在句子中可以作狀語、定語或表語等?主要出口商品的樣品將全部在交易會(huì)上展出。?Samples of all major export goods will be on display at the fair?Shall we put all these

13、flowers on display/show?我們要把所有這些花都陳列出來嗎?machinery：機(jī)器、機(jī)械裝置的總稱，是集合名詞，要與單數(shù)動(dòng)詞搭配。?某個(gè)具體的機(jī)器可用machine或者a piece of machinery來表示This is a wonderful piece of machinery/a wonderful ? ?Though in those days, travelling was not as easy as it istoday, steam boats carried thousands of visitors across the Channel fro

14、m Europe.?though:引導(dǎo)狀語從句，表示轉(zhuǎn)折，接近漢語中的“雖然”，但是不和but連用?Asas 和一樣?他和你一樣高?He is as tall as you (are).?我和她一樣愛你I love you as much as she (does).? ?On arriving in England, they were taken to the Crystal Palace by train. ?On + v.ing:相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語?=As soon as they arrived in England, they were taken to the Crystal P

15、alace by train.?=Soon after they arrived in England, they were taken to the Crystal Palace by train. ?一到東京,我就打電話給他On arriving in Tokyo, I called him on the phone.? There were six million visitors in all, and the ?profits from the exhibition were used to build museums and colleges. in all共計(jì)?共計(jì)有100人參加

16、。?There were in all a hundred persons present.?At the wedding there were over 100 people in all.be used to do 被用于樹木用于造紙?Trees are used to make paper.used to do 過去常常做某事我過去抽煙，但是幾年前我戒了。?I used to smoke, but I gave up a couple of years ago.?be used to doing 習(xí)慣于做某事?你會(huì)習(xí)慣每天走路上班的。?You will be used to walkin

17、g to work everyday.?a couple of 兩個(gè), 幾個(gè)couplek?p(?)l對；夫婦；數(shù)個(gè) ?Later, the Cristal Palace was moved to south London. It remained one of the most famous buildings in the world until it was burnt down in 1936.?remain“保持不變，仍然”?你為什么在晚宴上保持沉默？?Why did you remain silent at the dinner party?當(dāng)經(jīng)理講話的時(shí)候，他們都站著。?They

18、 all remained standing while the manager talked.?burn down 燒掉?這幢大樓是上周燒毀的The building was burned down last week? 重點(diǎn)短語?水晶宮Crystal Palace 世界博覽會(huì)Great Exhibition 空前的of all time 許多a great many 展出on display/on show 從中獲利get profit from 燒掉burn down lonlongelongeslateslatelatebiggestbiggerbighappiesthappyhapp

19、ier單音節(jié)詞、一部分的雙音節(jié)詞：詞尾加后綴er 或est ?構(gòu)成其比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)beautifumore beautifumost beautifumost interestininterestinmore interestingmost difficultdifficultmore difficultmost oftenmore oftenoften多音節(jié)詞、另一部分雙音節(jié)詞：在adj./adv.前加more?構(gòu)成most或goobettebesworsworsbadmostmoremanyleastlesslittlefarthest/furthestfarther/furtherfar

20、 形容詞最高級(jí)的用法1. 形容詞最高級(jí)有時(shí)單獨(dú)使用，但前面需加定冠詞：Whats the best time to go there? 什么時(shí)候到那兒去最好？Express mail is the fastest way to send a letter. 快遞是寄信的最快辦法。Its the latest fashion from Paris. 這是巴黎來的最新式樣。The oldest is only nine. 最大的才九歲。The highest mountain in Japan is Fuji. 日本最高的山是富士山。In Western Europe Germany has th

21、e most people. 在西歐德國人口最多。 2. 有時(shí)跟一個(gè)短語或從句說明在哪個(gè)范圍內(nèi)如此：It is the largest island in Europe. 它是歐洲最大的島。Yesterday was the hottest day of the year. 昨天是今年最熱的一天。The Yangtze is the biggest river in our country. 長江是我國最大的河流。It was the cheapest hotel we could find. 這是我們能找到的最便宜的旅館。This was the best beer (that) I hav

22、e ever drunk. 這是我喝過的最好的啤酒。It was the worst film we had ever seen. 這是我們看過的最糟的電影。 3. 形容詞前有時(shí)有定語或狀語修飾：Its second largest city is Osaka. 它的第二大城市是大阪。The third largest city is Los Angeles. 第三大城市是洛杉磯。She was by far the most active member in our group. 她是我們小組最積極的成員。4. 形容詞最高級(jí)有時(shí)表示“非?！钡囊馑?，這時(shí)前面可加不定冠詞或不加定冠詞：Its a

23、 most touching story. 這是一個(gè)非常動(dòng)人的故事。It was most stupid to act like that. 這樣做是非常愚蠢的。5. 形容詞最高級(jí)還可用在某些短語中(這時(shí)常轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞)：She is ten years old at most. 她至多十歲。我們將盡力而為。Well do our best. 帶as(so) as的結(jié)構(gòu)1. 在表示“和一樣”時(shí)，可用“as. as”結(jié)構(gòu)(前面的as后要用原形)：He is as busy as before. 他還是和以前一樣忙。Ill give you as much help as I can. 我將盡量幫助

24、你。The airport was as crowded as ever. 機(jī)場還是像平常那樣擁擠。Youre as good a singer as Johnny Buck. 你的歌唱得像約尼?伯克一樣好。Modern computers can be as small as a book. 現(xiàn)在的電腦可以像一本書那樣大。 2. 在表示“不像那樣”時(shí)可用“not as(so). as”這種結(jié)構(gòu)：It isnt so cold as yesterday. 今天不像昨天那樣冷。He is not so handsome as his brother. 他不像他哥哥那樣英俊。Im not so e

25、xperienced as you think. 我沒有你想的那樣有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。The situation is not so bad as had been painted. 形勢沒有描繪的那樣糟糕。Jack is not as(so) old as he looks. 杰克不像他看起來那樣老。 3. 這種結(jié)構(gòu)中也可包含一個(gè)狀語或有almost, just, nearly, quite這類副詞形容：The whale was twice as long as her boat. 那頭鯨有她的那艘船的兩倍長。Their house is about three times as big as our

26、s. 他們的房子約為我們房子三倍大。My command of English is not half so good as yours. 我的英語掌握得還不及你的一半好。He was almost as diligent as his sister. 他幾乎和她姐姐一樣勤奮。She is nearly as tall as her mother. 她幾乎和她媽媽一樣高。 4. as. as還可用在許多固定說法中：as brave as a lion as busy as a bee as vain as a peacocksoft as velvetas bright as day像白天一樣

27、明亮as fat as a pig as gentle as a lamb 性情溫順如小羊as easy as ABCvain ve?n 徒勞的；自負(fù)的；無結(jié)果的；無用的peacockpi?k?k孔雀天鵝絨，絲絨；velvet ?v?lv?t ?關(guān)于on 的短語：?on display/show 展出，陳列?This is the best dress on display/show. 這是展出的最好的衣服。?on business 因公（與for pleasure相對）?Last month he went to New York on business and had little tim

28、e to visit friends.?on foot 步行（與by bus, by car, by air等相對）?I usually go to work by car, but this morning I went on foot.?on duty 值班，值班的?It was Sunday and there was only one doctor on duty.?on the whole 總的看來，總的來說，大體上On the whole, he is a hard-working student.? ?on fire 起火，著火Soon the whole building wa

29、s on fire.?on purpose 故意地，有意地，特意地（與?by chance相對）They have come here on purpose to see you.?She broke the vase on purpose.?on the average 平均，通常?On the average, he works more than ten hours a day.?on any account 無論如何，不管怎么說（通常用否定句）?Do not interrupt him on any account.?You mustnt on any account sign the

30、 contract before you read ?it.?on second thought(s) 經(jīng)重新考慮后（thought用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)均可）?I intended to go to the party, but on second thought(s), I decided to stay at home. Summary?The Crystal Palace, which was built for the Great Exhibition of 1851, was different from other buildings because it was made of iron

31、 and glass. Goods from various parts of the world were on display as well as a great deal of machinery. So many visitors came by boat and train that it was possible to build colleges and museums from the profits. After the exhibition, the Crystal Palace was moved to South London, where it remained u

32、ntil it was burnt down in 1936. 一、形容詞和副詞的概形容詞：是修飾名詞（人或事物），表示名詞的性質(zhì)，特征或?qū)傩砸环N詞類。它在句中作定語、表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。副詞：用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞及其他副詞.的詞叫副詞。副詞在句中多作狀語 二、形容詞和副詞的用法的形容詞作定語一般放在被修飾名詞之前。big如:a book, twnewtrees形容詞放在系動(dòng)詞be 、look、get、keep、turn、feel、become、seem、grow、smell等之后。如:1.I amshort. 2.She looksfine.green.turn3.They something

33、, 修飾不定代詞如果形容詞要放在不定anything, everything, nothing等時(shí)，代詞后面。newsomething interestingnothing 如:詞之副詞放在所修飾的動(dòng)詞之后、形容詞和副。如果前面是行為動(dòng)詞，則后面用副詞。前（修飾動(dòng)詞）如:1.She works hard .（修飾形容詞）busy.2.I am very3.He runs too quickly .（修飾副詞）4.We play happily. （修飾動(dòng)詞） 通常在形容詞后加-ly變成副詞。slowlyreallyslow _ real _usuallycarefullyusual _ car

34、eful_easilyhappilyeasy _ happy _heavilyangrilyheavy _ angry _ Look at the pictures and understand 看圖并理解 biggerbig Look at the pictures and understand 看圖并理解 big biggestbigger Look at the pictures and understand 看圖并理解 fast Look at the pictures and understand 看圖并理解 fasterfast Look at the pictures and u

35、nderstand 看圖并理解 fast fastestfaster 三、形容詞和副詞的級(jí)形容詞和副詞有三個(gè)等級(jí)：原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)1.原級(jí)：即形容詞和副詞的原形。small, good, pretty, big, manyhard, happily, slowly, quickly程度副詞very,too,so,quite等修飾形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)。如：very tall、too hot、so cold quicklyrunquite interesting so)as not as（與asas ,(一樣）不一樣）中間用原級(jí)。（與that eresting asThe stor

36、y is asthat one.asdifficultThe question is not as / so 標(biāo)志一些”。或“更比較級(jí)：兩個(gè)人或物之間的比較。表示“較”2. 比）than(詞：more.-er結(jié)尾；多音節(jié)或部分雙音節(jié)詞通常在之前加單音節(jié)詞通常是er, more, harder, better, taller, old如:smallerquicklymoremoreinteresting , 的比較。最高級(jí)：三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物之間3.具體的數(shù)字of +the+, of all, 標(biāo)志詞：in+大范圍 （兩者以上用最高級(jí)）表示“最”的意思。 單音節(jié)詞通常是-est結(jié)尾；多音節(jié)或

37、部分雙音節(jié)詞通常在之前加most. 在形容詞的最高級(jí)前必須加the;副詞之前可以不加。如：smallest, tallest, newest, bestdifficultly mostinteresting, most 單音節(jié)和少數(shù)多音節(jié)的形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成分規(guī)則和不規(guī)則。變化如下： 法原級(jí)比較方級(jí)最高構(gòu)級(jí)成coldestcoldcolder-est/ist/?/一般在詞尾加-er/或fastestfastfasternicenicernicest-st或e以字母結(jié)尾的形容詞，加-r單音節(jié)largestlargelarger詞和少bigbiggerbiggest重讀閉音節(jié)詞只有

38、一個(gè)輔音字母數(shù)多音-es時(shí)，應(yīng)先雙寫輔音字母；再加節(jié)詞hottesthotterhot-est或easiesteasiereasy”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)+y以“輔音字母結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，+詞，先改“y”earliestearlierearly-est-er再加或,”iy先改“”為“most tiredmore tiredtired多音節(jié)most或more在詞前加詞和部分雙音most easilymore easilyeasily節(jié)詞 bestbettergood worseworstbad 不規(guī)則變化，要多加注意哦！mostmoremany lessleastlittle besbettewell wo

39、rseworstbadly mostmoremuch farthestfartherfar 給出下列詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)most important_ _important more importanteasy_ _ easiesteasierwet_ _ wettestwetterhappiesthappy_ _ happiermost carefulmore carefulcareful _ _ thinnestthinnerthin _ _ good_ _ bestbetterhot _ _ hottesthottermore easilyeasily _ _ most easilymos

40、tmoremany_ _ nicestnicernice _ _ big _ _biggestbiggerheavy_ _heaviestheaviermost deliciousmore deliciousdelicious_ _moremostmuch_ _ More examples:her little sister.cleverer1.Mary is thanthe old thanhigher2.The new building isonemine.than3.His shirt is more expensiveLily is.than 4.Kate is more beauti

41、fulI am.five years older5.She is thanher.2 centimeters tallerthan6.He is 7.This ruler is 20 centimeters longerthanthat one. 比較級(jí)的用法：than1.湯姆比杰克高.Tom is taller than Jack.2.這只箱子要比那只箱子大.This boxis bigger than that one.3.那些蘋果比這些大.Those applesare bigger than these ones.4.第一個(gè)問題很容易,但第二個(gè)更容易.The first questio

42、n is very easy, but the second is easier.one 形容詞最高級(jí)的用法(in; of)那個(gè)短發(fā)的女孩是我們班最高的.The girl with red hair is the tallest inour class.今天是一年中最熱的一天.Today is thehottest day ofthe year.他的房間是三個(gè)中最干凈的一個(gè).His room isthecleanest ofthe three.上海是中國最大的城市.China.inlargest theShanghai is (2) 數(shù)量的比較1.我的筆比你的多.I have morepens

43、 than you (do).2.我喝的茶比他多.I drink more tea than he (does).3.他吃的飯比我少.He haslessrice than I (do).4.一班的學(xué)生比二班多.There are morestudents in Class 1than in .Class 2 one.1.The new building is higher than the old ones.Those apples are bigger than these 比較級(jí)必須在同類中進(jìn)行，即人與人比，物與物比，而且比較結(jié)構(gòu)前后的詞語要對稱，之后不要漏掉可能出現(xiàn)特別注意在than或

44、as that ,those, one ,ones. 的替代詞.mine2.His shirt is more expensive than名詞，那么后面要用如果主語是物主代詞+名詞性物主代詞。 the most beautiful cities5.The city is one of the world.in復(fù)數(shù)名詞最高級(jí)one of+ the+6.Who is older, Jim or Tom ?Who is the tallest, Jim , Mike or TomCWhich language is _ , English, French or Chinese?A. difficu

45、lt B. more difficult C. the most difficultWhich/Who+ 比較級(jí)，A or B?B or C?，A 最高級(jí)，Which/Who+ the most beautiful cities5.The city is one of the world.in復(fù)數(shù)名詞最高級(jí)one of+ the+6.Who is older, Jim or Tom ?Who is the tallest, Jim , Mike or TomCWhich language is _ , English, French or Chinese?A. difficult B. mor

46、e difficult C. the most difficultWhich/Who+ 比較級(jí)，A or B?B or C?，A 最高級(jí)，Which/Who+ Mary is the tallest of all the sisters in the family .7. 在使用形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，一定要把自己包括在比較的范圍內(nèi)。8.This is the third largest city in China . 當(dāng)表示“第二，第三”等意思時(shí)，經(jīng)常在最高等詞。級(jí)的前面加second, third,in our factory. our largest machine9.Its 當(dāng)最高級(jí)前有物主代

47、詞修飾時(shí)，其前不加the. 定冠詞 難點(diǎn)練習(xí)：?1. on duty 2. on second thoughts ?3. on purpose ?4. on foot ?5. on the whole ?6. on any account ?7. On the average ? 多選答案：根據(jù)課文第行，只有是課文所暗示的并能說明水晶c.?1. c 3-4宮與其他建筑不同的原因，而其他個(gè)選擇雖然都與課文內(nèi)容3相符，但都不是水晶宮與其他建筑不同的原因，所以只有選c.是正確答案。根據(jù)課文第行2. b and the profits from the exhibition 10-11?were used to build 暗示出博覽會(huì)是非常成功的，所以只有b. ?museums and colleges highly successful 是正確的，與課文所暗示的情況相符。而其他個(gè)選擇a. failure 3?失敗，c. not very profitable ()不太獲利的和被燒毀都與課文內(nèi)容不符。)() ?d. spoilt by fire (只有選才符合語