主謂一致語法講解及練習(xí)題

1、主謂一致語法講解及練習(xí)題下面為大家?guī)碇髦^一致語法講解及練習(xí)題，歡迎大家學(xué)習(xí)一.概念：主謂一致是指：1）語法形式上要一致，即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語要一致。2）意義上要一致，即主語意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形 式一致。3）就近原則，即謂語動詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語，一般來說，不可數(shù)名詞用動詞單數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用動詞復(fù)數(shù)。 例如：There is much water in the thermos.但當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Ten thousa nd tons of coal were produced last year.二相關(guān)知識點精講1并列結(jié)構(gòu)作

2、主語時謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，例如：Read ing and writi ng are very importa nt.讀寫很重要。注意：當(dāng)主語由and連結(jié)時，如果它表示一個單一的概念，即 指同一人或同一物時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，and此時連接的兩個詞前只有一個冠詞。例如：The iron and steel in dustry is very importa nt to our life.鐵工業(yè)對我們的生活有重要意義。典型例題The League secretary and monitor asked to make aspeech at the meeti ng.A. isB. wasC. areD. w

3、ere答案B.注：先從時態(tài)上考慮。這是過去發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)用過去時，先排除 A.，C。本題易誤選 D，因為The League secretary and monitor 好象是兩個人，但仔細(xì)辨別，monitor前沒有the，在英 語中，當(dāng)一人兼數(shù)職時只在第一個職務(wù)前加定冠詞。后面的職務(wù)用 and相連。這樣本題主語為一個人，所以應(yīng)選B。2. 主謂一致中的靠近原則1）當(dāng)there be 句型的主語是一系列事物時，謂語應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語保持一致。例如：There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.桌上有一支筆、一把小刀和幾本書。There a

4、re twenty boy-stude nts andtwen ty-threegirl-stude nts in the class.班上有二十個男孩，二十三個女孩。2）當(dāng) either… or…與 neither… nor ，連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引導(dǎo)，而主語又不止一個時，謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語一致。 例如：Either you or she is to go.不是你去，就是她去。Here is a pen, a few env elops and some paper for you.

5、你筆、信封和紙。3. 謂語動詞與前面的主語一致當(dāng)主語有 with, together with, like, except, but, no less than,as well as等詞組成的短語時，謂語動詞與前面的主語部分一致。例如：The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.教師和一些學(xué)生在參觀工廠。He as well as I wants to go boati ng.他和我想去劃船。4. 謂語需用單數(shù)的情況1）代詞each以及由every, some, no, any 等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語時，或主語

6、中含有each, every時，謂語需用單數(shù)。例如：Each of us has a tape-recorder.我們每人都有錄音機(jī)。There is somethi ng wrong with my watch.我的表壞了。2）當(dāng)主語是一本書或一條格言時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。例如：The Arabia n Night is a book known to lovers of En glish.天方夜譚是英語愛好者熟悉的一本書。3）表示金錢，時間，價格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語時，通常把這些名詞看作一個整體，謂語一般用單數(shù)。例如：Three weeks was allowed for making

7、the necessarypreparatio ns.用三個星期來做準(zhǔn)備。Ten yua n is eno ugh.十元夠了。5. 指代意義決定謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)1）代詞 what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。例如：All is right.一切順利。All are prese nt.人都到齊了。2）集體名詞作主語時，謂語的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語的意思來決定。如family, audie nee, crew, crowd, class, compa ny, committee等詞后，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式時強(qiáng)調(diào)這個

8、集體中的各個成員，用單數(shù)時強(qiáng)調(diào)該集體的整體。例如：His family isn& #39;t very large.他家成員不多。His family are music lovers.他家個個都是音樂愛好者。但集合名詞people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Are there any police around?附近有警察嗎？3）有些名詞，女口variety, nu mber, populati on,proporti on,majority等有時看作單數(shù)，有時看作復(fù)數(shù)。例如：A number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)動詞。The num

9、ber of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+單數(shù)動詞。A nu mber of books have lent out.The majority of the stude nts like En glish.6. 與后接名詞或代詞保持一致的情況1）用 half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, pienty of等引起主語時，謂語動詞通常與of后面的名詞/代詞保持一致。例如：Most of his money is spe nt on books.他大部分的錢化在書上了。Most of the stude nts are tak ing an active par

10、t in sports.大部分學(xué)生積極參與體育運(yùn)動。2）用 a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等弓丨起主語 時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。例如： A series of accide nts has bee n reported.媒體報道了一連串的事故。A pile of lots was set beside the hearth.爐邊有一堆木柴。3）如many a 或more than one 所修飾的短語作主語時，謂語動詞多用單數(shù)形式。但由 more tha n… of作主語時，動詞應(yīng)與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。例如

11、：Many a person has read the no vel.許多人讀過這本書。More tha n 60 perce nt of the stude nts are from the city.百分之六十多的學(xué)生來自這個城市。三.練習(xí)題及答案：1.I, whoyour frie nd, will try my best to help you withyour En glish.A.am B.is C.are D.be2. The richnot always happy.A.are B.is C.has D.have3. Neither Tom nor Jack and Ihis

12、stude nts.A.are B.am C.is D.was4. Mary as well as her sistersChin ese in China.A. are study ing B. have studied C. studies D. study5. Neither my father nor Iat home.A.am B.is C.are D.be6. Not only my brother but also Igood at painting.Both of usgood pain ters.,A.are;are B.am;am C.a ni;are D.is;is7.

13、Everyboy and every girl to attend theeve ning party.A.wish B.wishes C.is like D.like8. Over 80 percent of the population of China peasa nts.A.was B.is C. would be D.are9. The population of China larger than that of .anyother country in the world.A.is B.are C.has D.have10. Every meanstried but withou

14、t any result.A. have bee n B.is to be C.are to be D. has bee n11. Alice, together with two boys,for having broken the rule.A. was punished B. punished C. were punished D. beingpuni shed12. The League secretary and the monitor asked toatte nd the .meeti ng this after noon.A.is B.was C.are D.is being1

15、3. The great writer and professor.A. is an old man B. are both old menC. is an old man and a young man D. were two Chin ese14. Therea pen, two pen cils and three books on thedesk.A.are B.is C.has D.have15. A large nu mber of stude nts in our classgirls.A. are B. was C. is D. be16. The nu mber of deer, moun ta in lions and wild rosesmuch if people leave thi ngs as they are.A. doesnt change B.dontchange C.changeD.cha nged17. The Arabia n Nightswell known to the En glish.A. is B. are C. was D. were18. Chairman Mao& #39; s worksp