人教版高中英語必修三Unit-4《Astronomy-the-science-of-the-stars》word全單元教案

1、Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars 單元教學(xué)目標(biāo) 技能目標(biāo)Skill GoalsTalk about the science of the stars, the development of life and space travel and gravity.Practise giving instructions.Practise talking abut problems in study or life.Learn to use Noun Clauses as the subject.Learn to write an essay to

2、show your problems and the way to overcome them.II 目標(biāo)語言功能句式Talk about the science of the stars, the development of life and space travel and gravityWhere do we come from?How did the universe begin?Why is the universe the way it was?How will it end?How much do you know about universe?Do you want to h

3、ave a space travel?Do you know something about gravity?Do you know something about black holes?Practise giving instructions來源:Please look at/ listen to.Please check that.You need.Please pay attention to.Dont forget to.Youd better.Make sure you.Watch out for.You mustnt.Practice talking about problems

4、 in study or lifeMy problem is.The difficulty is.My trouble is.The question is.My advice is.What I think about it is.The fact is.My suggestion is.詞匯1 四會詞匯astronomy, system, religion theory atom billion globe violent carbon atmosphere unlike fundamental harmful acid chain multiply oxygen exist thus d

5、ioxide puzzle biology biologist gravity satellite gentle physicist climate crash spaceship pull float mass2認(rèn)讀詞匯astronomer, biochemistry, geophysics, solar, Big Bang, vapour, nitrogen, dissolve, amphibian, reptile, generally, mammal, global, comet, Issac Newton, Albert Einstein, Stephen Hawking, less

6、en, weightlessly, cabin, exhaust, exclaim3 詞組solar system, in time, lay eggs, give birth to, in ones turn, carbon dioxide, preventfrom, block out, cheer up, now that, break out, watch out語法Noun Clauses as the subjectNoun Clauses as the subject is also called the Subject Clause. That means a Noun Cla

7、use serves as Subject in the sentence. The words which are used in this Noun Clause are: that, whether, who, what, which, when, where, how, why, etc.Example1. What it was to become was a mystery.2. It was not clear whether the solid shape was to last or not.III 教材分析與教材重組1. 教材分析本單元以astronomy: the sci

8、ence of the stars, the development of life, space travel and gravity為話題，通過本單元的幾篇閱讀材料使學(xué)生對以上問題有所了解，并通過文章中的一些探討性的問題，比如，The earth may become too hot for the lives on it. Then what will our future be? 使學(xué)生更好地了解我們的地球和我們的生活環(huán)境，并引發(fā)對“地球的將來如何”的熱烈討論，通過這些討論激發(fā)學(xué)生對天文學(xué)了解和探究的強(qiáng)烈興趣。通過討論登月球需要的物品和可能遇到的困難學(xué)會提出問題和解決問題的表達(dá)方法，并

9、能就此寫出一篇表達(dá)合理思路清晰的短文。1.1WARMING UP以討論的形式通過三組問題引導(dǎo)學(xué)生討論邊緣科學(xué)，討論科學(xué)的方法以及要成為真正的科學(xué)家所必須掌握的技能。1.2PRE-READING 主要讓學(xué)生弄清楚什么是科學(xué)思想，什么是宗教信仰或文化傳統(tǒng)。在探討生命起源的科學(xué)道理之前，讓學(xué)生以聽故事或講故事的方式，交流有關(guān)宇宙的起源的種種傳說，既有趣味性，又能調(diào)動學(xué)生的相關(guān)知識，激活學(xué)生的思維。1.3READING 講述了地球上生命的起源。水的形成使得地球有別于其他星球，它使得地球上生命的誕生成為可能?？茖W(xué)家認(rèn)為，地球上的生命首先誕生于水中，上百萬年后，陸地上才長出綠色植物，隨后出現(xiàn)了陸棲動物和水

10、陸兩棲動物。最初的動物靠孵化繁衍后代，后來出現(xiàn)了哺乳動物，人類也隨之誕生了。文章最后講了令人深省的問題：The earth may become too hot for the lives on it.1.4COMPREHENDING通過四個選擇填空題檢測學(xué)生對本文核心問題的理解：地球上生命的起源和延續(xù)需要哪些條件？隨后通過排序的方式幫助學(xué)生弄清本文的行文線索，也就是地球上生命的起源和發(fā)展歷程。最后提出兩個問題，考查學(xué)生的深層理解和推斷能力。1.5LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGE分詞匯和語法兩部分。其中，Discovering useful words and expressio

11、ns通過英文釋意，短文填空，詞語分類和單項(xiàng)選擇等練習(xí)讓學(xué)生在語境中掌握和運(yùn)用詞匯。Grammar采用先發(fā)現(xiàn)后應(yīng)用的學(xué)習(xí)方法。先通過到課文中找句子，讓學(xué)生認(rèn)識主語從句，然后，設(shè)置一個用一手機(jī)發(fā)短信息的情景，讓學(xué)生進(jìn)行簡單句與主語從句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)。最后設(shè)置情景來復(fù)習(xí)表語從句。1.6USING LANGUAGE由Listening、Reading和Speaking and Writing三部分交互組合而成。指導(dǎo)學(xué)生在聽和讀的輸入性學(xué)習(xí)之后，完成說和寫的輸出性應(yīng)用練習(xí)。Listening的內(nèi)容介紹三位科學(xué)巨匠。不僅通過聽力填表的形式訓(xùn)練學(xué)生捕捉細(xì)節(jié)的能力，還通過四選一的方式幫助學(xué)生找主題思想。在解釋

12、對與錯的過程中，教師可以適當(dāng)?shù)慕榻B一下概括主題的方法。Reading是一個科幻小故事，通過作者和作者的朋友乘宇宙飛船登月球的經(jīng)歷，介紹了重量、失重和地球引力等科學(xué)道理。Speaking 以Visiting the moon為話題，要求學(xué)生討論登月球需要攜帶的物品和在月球上可能遇到的困難。Writing要求學(xué)生找出登月球可能遇到的三個困難并找出克服這些困難的方法。在聽說讀寫綜合提高的同時，培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新意識和實(shí)踐能力。2. 教材重組來源:2.1 將 Warming up、Pre-reading、Reading 和Comprehending四部分整合在一起上一節(jié)閱讀課。2.2 將Leaning

13、about language和 Workbook中的 Using Words and expressions以及 Using Structures整合在一起上一節(jié)語法課。2.3 聽力Using language中的 Listening與 Workbook中 Listening和Listening task三部分話題較為接近，其中Listening部分是介紹三位對地球引力的認(rèn)識做出巨大貢獻(xiàn)的科學(xué)偉人。在提高聽力的同時，為下文的Reading部分作了鋪墊。Workbook中 Listening是關(guān)于轟動一時的航天英雄楊利偉的故事。通過聽力練習(xí)，讓學(xué)生了解作為宇航員所需要哪些素質(zhì)。而Listenin

14、g task中的聽力則是向?qū)W生展示space travel 的潛在價值。既然三部分都在談?wù)撆cAstronomy有關(guān)的內(nèi)容，所以放在一起處理比較合適。2.4 把Using Language 中的Speaking 和 Workbook 中的 Talking 和 Speaking task放在一起整合成一節(jié)口語訓(xùn)練課。這幾部分涉及到本單元的功能句，指導(dǎo)學(xué)生學(xué)會如何思考需要的東西，怎樣給別人以指示以及如何向別人問問題。2.5 泛讀 是把Using language中的Reading和Workbook中的Reading task 整合在一起。這兩部分利用science fiction story向讀者解

15、釋gravity和black hole.2.6 寫作練習(xí)是把Using language中的Writing 和Workbook中的Writing Task以及Project整合在一起上一堂寫作練習(xí)課。3. 課型設(shè)計與課時分配（經(jīng)教材分析，本單元可以用6課時教完）1st periodIntensive Reading 來源:2nd periodLanguage study3rd periodListening4th periodExtensive Reading5th periodSpeaking6th periodWritingIV. 分課時教案The First Period Intensi

16、ve ReadingTeaching goals 教學(xué)目標(biāo)1. Target language目標(biāo)語言重點(diǎn)詞語：theory, atom, billion, globe, violent, carbon, atmosphere, fundamental, harmful, acid, multiply, oxygen, exist, prevent, dioxide2. Ability goals 能力目標(biāo)來源:a. Enable Ss to talk about the science of the stars, the development of life and space trave

17、l and gravity.Where do we come from?How did the universe begin?Why is the universe the way it was?How will it end?How much do you know about universe?Do you want to have a space travel?Do you know something about gravity?b. Understand the text and answer the following questions:What was there on the

18、 earth before life could begin?Why do scientists think there has never been life on the moon?Why did animals first appear in the seas?Why did green plants help life to develop?Why were mammals different from other animals?c. Enable the Ss to understand the details about the passage, choosing the cor

19、rect answer according to the text and put the order of development of life into a time line and answer questions.d. Retell the passage using key sentences.3. Learning ability goals 學(xué)能目標(biāo)Enable Ss to learn how to talk about the beginning of life on the earth.Teaching important points教學(xué)重點(diǎn)a. Talk about

20、the beginning of life on the earth.Why did animals first appear in the seas?Why did green plants help life to develop?b. Discuss the order of development of life.Teaching difficult points教學(xué)難點(diǎn)a. Understand the beginning of life on the earth.b. Discuss the questions:What will our future be if the eart

21、h may become too hot for the lives on it?Why are humans the cleverest animals on the earth? Teaching methods教學(xué)方法a. Skimming and scanning.b. Asking-and-answering activity to check the Ss understanding of the text.c. Individual, pair or group work to finish each task.d. Discussion.Teaching aids教具準(zhǔn)備A r

22、ecorder, a computer and a projector.Teaching procedures & ways教學(xué)過程與方式Step I PresentationT: Hello, everyone! Today well come to Unit 4 Astronomy. Before that I have a question: Where do we come from? Or we can say: Who are our ancestors?S1: Monkeys!S2: Beijing Ren who lived many years ago.S3: Reptile

23、s.S4: Mammals.S5: Amphibians.S6: Dinosaurs.T: Very good! Can you put them in right order?S7: Amphibians, Reptiles, Dinosaurs, Mammals, Beijing Ren.T: Do you know what it was like before life appeared on earth?S8: It was full of water, perhaps.T: Before that, what was it like?S9: Sorry, I dont know.T

24、: Do you want to get more information? Today well learn something about How Life Began on the Earth. Turn to Page 25. Lets come to Warming up first.Step II Warming up 1. Read the three questions, while the students listen and follow.2. Give the Ss several minutes to discuss the questions.3. Collect

25、answers from the whole class.4. Check the answers while discussing.T: Ill read the three questions for you. You should listen to me carefully. (If students dont know how to discuss, show them an example.) For example, medicine. When someone gets serious illness, he will go to the hospital. The docto

26、r will examine him. He will take his temperature, measure his blood pressure and give him an X-ray, or a CT. For the whole process of the examination, what kind of science has been used?S1: Biology.S2: Chemistry.T: So we can say medicine combines biology and chemistry. What about biochemistry and ge

27、ophysics?S3: I think biochemistry combines biology and chemistry.S4: Geophysics combines geology and physics.T: What about astronomy?S5: Physics.S6: Mathematics.T: Very good. We should know that astronomy is a multidisciplinary subject and if we want to do some research on it, we should know many sc

28、ience subjects related to it. Now discuss the second question:What do we mean when we say we are studying a subject scientifically? Or whats the correct attitude towards science? S7: We should be objective, not superstitious.T: Whats the correct way to prove a scientific idea?S8: We should design ex

29、periments to test it for several times.S9: Then we can analyze the results and draw a conclusion at last.T: Lets sum up the answers. To study a subject scientifically, we must try to be objective. In order to test our idea, we should design experiments, then analyze the results and draw a conclusion

30、. Now lets talk about the third question.What are the most important skills we need to be real scientists?S10: We should be very careful.S11: Be objective and logical.S12: We should be wise enough to design an experiment and write the reports clearly.S13: We should be able to draw conclusions from t

31、he experiments and not impose conclusions on the data.T: I think you have done great work. From the discussion we know that its not easy to be a scientist. So you should work harder if you want to be a scientist.Step Pre-readingGet the Ss to discuss the questions on Page 25 with their partners. Then

32、 ask the Ss to tell their stories. Encourage the Ss to tell different stories. If they dont know any, tell them some.T: Now please look at the slide show. And discuss these questions with your partners. Then Ill ask some students to tell us their stories. Are you clear?Ss: Yes, Sir/Madam.1. Do you k

33、now each religion or culture has its own ideas about the beginning of the universe? Please give an example if you know.2. Do you know what a scientific idea is?After the Ss discussion, teacher says the following.T: Now whod like to tell us a story? Volunteer!S1: Let me try. In China, we all know tha

34、t Pangu separates the sky from the earth.T: Can you describe the story in details?S1: Sorry, I cant remember clearly.T: Who can? Nobody? Now Ill tell you. Look at the screen.Pangu separates the sky from the earthThe sky and the earth were at first one blurred entitylike an egg. Pangu was born into i

35、t. The separation of the sky and the earth took 18,000 years- the Yang which was light and pure rose to become the sky, and the Yin which was heavy and murky sank to form the earth. Between them was Pangu, who went through nine changes every day, his wisdom, greater than that of the sky and his abil

36、ity greater than that of the earth. Every day the sky rose ten feet higher, the earth became ten feet thicker, and Pangu grew ten feet taller. Another 18,000 years passed, and there was an extremely high sky, an extremely thick earth, and an extremely tall Pangu. Then came the Three Emperors (the Em

37、peror of the Sky, the Emperor of the Earth, and the Emperor of the Men.)So these numbers came into existence and evolve like this. The number begins with one, becomes established at three, is completed at five, prospers at seven, and ends in nine. So the sky is ninety thousand li from the earth.Othe

38、r legends about the beginning of universeThe Biblical Account“In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. The earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the spirit of God was hovering over the waters. And God said.”Day 1: God spoke and separated light fr

39、om darkness creating Day and Night Day 2: God spoke and separated the water creating sky and ocean Day 3: God spoke and created dry land Day 4: God spoke and created the sun, moon and stars Day 5: God spoke and created living creatures in the air and sea Day 6: God spoke and created the land animals

40、 and man Day 7: God rested and blessed this day calling it Holy India Brahma has created the world many times. This creation is repeated every four ages or yugas. There are four yugas in one eon or kalpa. In the beginning of each kalpa the world is a watery chaos. As Brahma thought beings were creat

41、ed. The demons were created by a wind from his rectum. After creating the demons he discarded his body which became night. He assumed a new body and out of his mouth came the shining gods or devas. This body was also discarded and became day. With his next body he created ancestor spirits. With his

42、fourth body Brahma created human beings. This discarded body became the moon. With the fifth body Brahma had a strange thought and he created ogres, terrible creatures that wanted to devour the primordial sea of chaos. In shock at what he had done he then created ghouls. Finally he regained his sens

43、es and created birds, mammals, plants and all the other life that we see today. JapanIn the beginning the world was chaos until the heaven and earth separated. When this separation occurred the Three High Deities created two principles, the passive, Izanami or the Female, and the active, Izanagi or

44、the Male. It was these two people who are our ancestors.In the beginning the heaven and the earth were one. The In (Yin) and Yo (Yang) had not been separated. All that existed was chaos in the form of an egg. This egg contained the seeds of the creation. Heaven, being made of the purer portion of th

45、e substance rose and the earth being heavier did not. As the heaven rose， the islands began to be formed. Later a strange plant grew between heaven and earth which became a great male god. Two additional male gods followed. These three were formed by the will of heaven. Following this six deifies we

46、re formed and then Izanagi (the male ) and Izanami (the female ). Izanagi and Izanami were the first ancestors. They thrust down the jeweled spear of heaven into the sea. As they lifted the spear the liquid on the tip formed the islands of Japan. EuropeCelticThere were giants in the past. These gian

47、ts were the gods. During the first winter a large giant was made from the hoarfrost. When this giant was exposed to fire he naturally melted. The body of this giant became the world. His hair became the forests. His skull became the sky. His blood produced the sea. His bones produced the mountains.

48、In the middle of the earth on high mountains live the gods. South America IncaThe Incas worshiped a god named Pachacamac, also known as Viracocha. This god had originally risen from the water of Lake Titicaca and created the stars, planets and the moon. Pachacamac created everything, including peopl

49、e, out of clay. Because he felt sorry for humans, Pachacamac sent his daughter, the moon god, to teach humans how to build houses, grow crops and make clothes. The children of Pachacamac lived at lake Titicaca but could travel. When they traveled they were required to stick into the ground a golden

50、rod they received from their father, Pachacamac. Each time this happened the humans would build a city.T: Are they interesting? Though they are interesting, they are only legends. We should believe a scientific idea. Whats a scientific idea?S2: It should be an idea coming from scientific theory.T: Q

51、uite right. Now well come to Reading. Thats a scientific idea.Step ReadingRead the passage carefully and analyse its structure. Write down the main idea for each paragraph.Para.1: A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universePara 2: The formation of the earthPara.3: The importance of

52、water for lifePara.4: The development of plants and animals on the earthPara.5: The arrival of humans and their impact on the earthReading and answer the questions.1. Why was the earth different from other planets? The water remained.2. Why was life able to develop on the earth but not on other plan

53、ets? The water stayed on the earth but not on other planets. 3. Why was it necessary for plants to grow before animals? Plants provided oxygen for animals to breathe.4. What problem is caused by human beings? They cause global warming. 5. Why is it wrong in films and stories to show dinosaurs and pe

54、ople together? Because dinosaurs died out long before human beings developed on the earth.6. Why do you think that humans are the cleverest animals on the earth? They are the cleverest animals because they have larger brains than any other creature on the earth so far.7. Why is it wrong in films and

55、 stories to show dinosaurs and people together? Because dinosaurs died out long before human beings developed on the earth.8. There used to be nine planets in the solar system. Recently scientists have decided that one of them can no longer be considered a planet. Do you know the name of that planet

56、? Do you know why they removed it? Pluto. Scientists now think it is too small to be called a planet. Analyze how life began on earth.ListeningListen to the tape for the students to follow and have further understanding of the passage.T: Read after the tape, then answer me some questions with your b

57、ook closed.Play the tapeT: How did water come into being on the earth?If one student cant answer completely, ask two or three or more students.Ss: The explosion of the earth produced water vapor, which turned into water when the earth cooled down.T: Why is water important on the earth?Ss: Because water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases into the oceans and seas.T: No.3, finish