初三首字母填空解題技巧及專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練

1、中考英語(yǔ)首字母填空解題技巧及練習(xí)Step1：掌握七種句子成分與十種詞性之間的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。通過(guò)對(duì)單一成分的分類練習(xí)， 掌握該句子成分與何種詞性相對(duì)應(yīng)。詞性正確是答案正確的前提。 (1) 對(duì)主語(yǔ)的判斷 1. _ are helpful to students. ( teach ) 2. _ is more important to me than money. ( healthy ) 3. Some famous _ are going to give lectures in our university in August. ( science) 4. _ stamps is my hobby.

2、( collect ) Key: 1. Teachers 2. Health 3. scientists 4. Fishing 5. Collecting 分析：以上練習(xí)中，所填的詞均為句子的主語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，詞性主要為名詞與代詞（1-）；動(dòng)詞不能直接用作主語(yǔ)，必須轉(zhuǎn)化成其對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞或動(dòng)名詞（-）。此外，形容詞前加the以及帶連詞的句子也可作主語(yǔ)。 例如： The rich are not always happy. 句中the rich 指“有錢人”，因此可以作主語(yǔ)。 What I wanted was just your help. 句中What I wanted是一個(gè)帶有連詞wh

3、at的句子，因此也可以作主語(yǔ)。 (2) 對(duì)謂語(yǔ)的判斷 John was standing on the step of a house. An old woman c_ over to him. “My boy,” she a_ , “Is your father at home?” “Yes,” a_ John. The woman b_ ringing the bell. She rang and rang, but there was no answer. At last she t_ back to John and s_ angrily, “Didnt you s_ that you

4、r father was at home?” “I did”, answered John, “but this i_ my house.” Key: came asked answered began turned said say isnt 分析：語(yǔ)篇中的所缺詞均為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。謂語(yǔ)是句子所表示的動(dòng)作，詞性只能是動(dòng)詞，而且在句子中不能缺。當(dāng)一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)中同時(shí)出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上動(dòng)詞時(shí)，還要判斷他們之間的相互關(guān)系，對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的判斷只有在熟練掌握相關(guān)知識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上，才能作出正確的判斷。平時(shí)練習(xí)和周練中，我經(jīng)常讓學(xué)生做些“用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空”練習(xí)，有助于對(duì)動(dòng)詞形式的判斷。 (3) 對(duì)賓語(yǔ)的

5、判斷 1.Mr. Chen was surprised to see the fast _ in Shanghai after his long absence from the city. ( develop ) 2.The front is in great need of medical _.( work ) 3.Thank you for your _. ( kind ) 4.At last he sold his _. ( invent ) Key: 1. development 2. workers 3. kindness 4. invention（s） 分析：賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，

6、分動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)與介詞賓語(yǔ)兩種。賓語(yǔ)的詞性同和主語(yǔ)的詞性一樣，但是如果代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)就必須用其賓格。 (4) 對(duì)表語(yǔ)的判斷 1. It is _ for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon. ( possible) 2. The sick man is getting _. ( ill ) 3.Patrick is going to be a(n) _ when he grows up.(engine) 4.Such cold weather is quite _ in June and people have to wear warm clothes again

7、. （ usually ） 5.Its a _ to have a picnic with all the members. （please ） Key: 1. impossible 2. worse 3. engineer 4. unusual 5. pleasure 分析：表語(yǔ)是連系動(dòng)詞后接的成分。詞性主要為形容詞，名詞, 介詞短語(yǔ)。如果是動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式作表語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞必須改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。 (5) 對(duì)定語(yǔ)的判斷 1. The _ exams usually take place at the end of June. ( finally) 2.On a _

8、 night, you can see thousands of stars in the sky. ( clearly) 3.In _ weather, the old had better stay at home. (freeze ) 4.The French artist said, “It is my _ time to visit Shanghai. I love this city so much. ( one ) 5.Most people dont like _ food. ( freeze ) 6.Who is your _ teacher? ( chemical ) Ke

9、y: (1) final (2) clear (3) freezing (4) first (5) frozen (6) chemistry 分析:定語(yǔ)是修飾名詞與代詞的成分。詞性以形容詞，序數(shù)詞，介詞短語(yǔ)為主。名詞修飾名詞說(shuō)明后面名稱的性能或用途。如：stamp show / physics teacher。如果是動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式作定語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞必須改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。 (6) 對(duì)狀語(yǔ)的判斷 1. The old lady could hardly believe that she had got the travel pass to Hong Kong so _

10、 (easy) 2.Watch _, and you will find the difference between the two pictures. ( care ) 3.After flying in the storm for nearly one hour, the helicopter landed _ at last. ( safe ) Key : (1) easily (2) carefully (3) safely 分析：狀語(yǔ)是說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，方式，目的，結(jié)果，條件和伴隨情況的成分。詞性以副詞為主，也可以是介詞短語(yǔ)。如果是動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式作狀語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞必須改成

11、to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。 (7) 對(duì)連詞的判斷 1. Work harder, _ youll make great progress in English. 2. My job is to protect the innocent _ find the guilty. 3. _ you _ he can go to the cinema, but you cannot go together because I have only one ticket. 4. Can you tell me _ you are from? 5. Ill give you a call

12、 _ I get to Japan. Key: (1)and (2) as well as (3) Eitheror (4) where (5) as soon as 分析：在英語(yǔ)中, 并列連詞and, but, or, so , not onlybut also, either or, neithernor, as well as, both and等連接并列的詞,詞組和句子; 而從屬連詞則連接主句與從句。 Step2：在牢記了七種句子成分與十種詞性的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系之后，多做綜合的“用所給單詞的正確形式填空”，有利于提高對(duì)句子成分的判斷能力。熟練掌握詞性轉(zhuǎn)化的技巧是通向首字母填空的第二步。 Ste

13、p3：鍛煉自己的發(fā)散和歸納思維的能力，或稱為“猜謎”的能力。 Exercise : Guess the missing word. 1._ are helpful to students. 2._ are helpful to students. They give them knowledge. 3._ are helpful to students. In class they teach them knowledge and after class they care for them like parents. 4._ are helpful to students. They kee

14、p them healthy. 分析：按順序做你會(huì)不假思索地得出答案，1-4均為Teachers，全部解完后再思考，似乎第一題答案不僅僅只有Teachers。按判斷主語(yǔ)的結(jié)論，凡名詞，只要合乎邏輯，都可作為第一題的答案，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)Books也可，繼而得出結(jié)論：“一切有益于學(xué)生的復(fù)數(shù)名詞均為正確答案，如：Exercises、Doctors、Police、Parents”。第二題受后一句knowledge的限制，答案要少一些，如：Teachers、Books，第三題限制更多，從“care for”判斷主語(yǔ)只能是人，即: Teachers。第四題受healthy的限制，最好填Doctors / Nur

15、ses。 Step4：對(duì)詞性、詞義、詞形的精確判斷階段，即綜合運(yùn)用階段 。Mr. Wu is getting old. He is l_ the school soon. The s_ in his class have given h_ a lot of p_. Among t_ are cards, note-books, photos and books. Most of the cards are m_ by the students themselves. Photos will h_ Mr. Wu remember the happy t_ when he was with his

16、 students. Next week, t_ will have a p_ to s _ goodbye to him. 分析：通讀短文以后發(fā)現(xiàn)Mr. Wu 是一位老師。從old 可推斷他不久要退休了,所以 “l(fā)_” 應(yīng)為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 leaving ;“s_” 是第三句的主語(yǔ), 結(jié)合 have 判斷為 students; “h_”是give 的賓語(yǔ), 判斷為him ;“p_” 的內(nèi)容是 cards, note-books , 所以判斷為名詞presents; “t_” 是介詞among 的賓語(yǔ), 應(yīng)為them ; “m_” 處于be done by 的結(jié)構(gòu)中, 應(yīng)為過(guò)去分詞made;“h_”

17、 位于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will 之后, 應(yīng)為動(dòng)詞原形help;“t_” 是remember 的賓語(yǔ), 并且受到happy 的修飾應(yīng)為 time；“t_” 是主語(yǔ), 名詞或代詞 teachers / they; “p_” 是have的賓語(yǔ), 前面有冠詞, 所以是名詞party；“s_” 前有 to, 分析成分為目的狀語(yǔ) to do 即 to say。 Step5：熟能生巧階段。 要做到舉重若輕，必須在前四步的基礎(chǔ)上作長(zhǎng)期系統(tǒng)的訓(xùn)練，把上述知識(shí)演化為解題技能。 例如： 【2011上?！縍ead the passage and fill in the blanks with suitable words .

18、( 在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)拇?使其內(nèi)容通順. 每空格限填一詞, 首字母已給 ) At one time, making a film was an expensive activity only for a small group of people and film companies. Not only were the tools and machines expensive but the cost of film was also far greater than most people could afford. However, modem technology has c 9

19、2 all that. New technology has really opened up the world of film-making for film fans. Now a camera does not cost m 93 and most young people are certainly able to pay for it. So all you need is to get one for yourself. With that, you may then start your own film-making. However, film-making is t 94

20、 work. You probably need many other people to help you. For example, the p 95 of actors and actresses is very important in your film. Of course, these actors and actresses may be your schoolmates, friends or family members. You dont even need to pay them a cent while they are glad to be part of your

21、 job. B 96 , you need to make up a story. Can you write your own one? If you have good imagination, you can create an attractive story e 97 . Many world-famous film makers and producers are also good story-writers. If not, perhaps you need someone else to write it for you. An excellent story is the

22、key to making a s 98 film. 【主旨大意】 文章指出，隨著生活水平和現(xiàn)代科技的提高，人們自己制作一部電影已經(jīng)不再是什么稀罕的事。文章指出要制作一部?jī)?yōu)秀的電影，除了優(yōu)秀演員之外，還需要有一個(gè)好的劇本，這是電影成功的保證。 92. changed 【解析】上文提到在過(guò)去，制作一部電影是一件十分昂貴的事，只有少數(shù)人和電影公司才能干。然而現(xiàn)在隨著時(shí)間的推移，現(xiàn)代科技將這一切都改變了，故填changed； 93. much 【解析】本句意為“現(xiàn)在一部相機(jī)花費(fèi)并不多”，價(jià)格大多數(shù)人都能坦然接受，故填much; 94. tiring 【解析】該句意為“然而，電影制作是一件很累人的事”

23、，work是不可數(shù)名詞，故要說(shuō)tiring work，不能加a; 95. population 【解析】下文中都是在談?wù)撾娪爸械哪切┠信輪T，加上謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)，故應(yīng)填population； 96. besides 【解析】上邊提到了演員，下邊接著講述應(yīng)該要有劇本，故填besides； 97. character 【解析】這個(gè)地方講“如果你的想象力豐富，那么你就能夠創(chuàng)作出一個(gè)具有吸引力的人物，”，故答案填character; 98. successful 【解析】該句意為“一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的故事是電影成功的關(guān)鍵”，故答案填successful;實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)（1） Sleep is not the same

24、 every night. We experience some deep sleep and some active sleep(積極睡眠), which is when dreams happen. You might think sleepwalking(夢(mèng)游) would happen in active sleep, but a person isnt physically active d 86 active sleep. Sleepwalking usually happens in the first few hours of sleep in the stage called

25、 slow-wave(慢波)or deep sleep. Not all sleepwalkers a 87 walk. Some simply sit up or stand in bed or act like theyre awake when, in fact, theyre asleep! Most, however, do get up and move around for a few seconds or for as long as half an hour.Sleepwalkers e 88 are open, but they dont see the same way

26、they do when theyre awake and often think theyre in different rooms of the house or different places altogether. Sleepwalkers tend(往往會(huì)) to go back to bed on their own and they wont r 89 it in the morning. Doctors say sleepwalking sometimes occurs when a person is sick, has a fever, is not getting e

27、90 sleep, or is stressed. If sleepwalking occurs frequently, every night or so, its a good idea for your mom or dad to take you to see your doctor. But occasional(偶然的) sleepwalking generally isnt something to worry about, a 91 it may look funny or even scary (驚恐的) for the people who see a sleepwalke

28、r in action.Its important, of course, that the person is kept safe. Precautions(預(yù)防措施) should be t 92 so the person is less likely to fall down, run into something, or walk out the front door while sleepwalking.86. during 87. actually 88. eyes 89. remember 90. enough 91. although 92. taken（2） Everyon

29、e needs sleep. In fact, all living things need sleep. Having a sound and good rest m_86_ us healthy. It is believed that our brain develops best during sleep. It helps all our systems work well w_87_ we are awake. Sleep allows our brain to reorganize all events during the day and will improve our me

30、mory development. For a student, eight to ten hours of sleep is required to give him or her e_88_ for the following day. A good sleep allows them to grow physically and mentally (心理上). With e_89_ sleep at night, students would be able to wake up early and be ready for school activities. They will be

31、 able to listen carefully in class and would have the ability to memorize the things that they learn and r_90_ them in the future. Eight hours of sleep makes students active t_91_ the whole day at school. They would be able to perform well in class, take down notes and finish their homework. When th

32、ey have slept well, they can e_92_ understand their lessons. Good sleep prepares them well for the challenges (挑戰(zhàn)) at school, from paperwork to sports. They will be ready to solve difficult tasks that require mental ability and skills.86. makes 87. while/when 88. energy 89. enough 90. remember 91. t

33、hrough 92. easily （3）Anger (生氣) is a kind of feeling. Many things can make you angry. When your teacher gives you too much homework, when your team loses an important game, when your friend b _86_ your favourite thing and then breaks it, you may get really angry. Usually, your body will tell you whe

34、n you are angry. For example, you breathe much f_87_, your face turns red and you may want to break something or hit someone, but sometimes, you hide your anger. For example, you may hide it in your h_88_ . The problem is that if you do this, you may get a headache or your stomach may hurt. In fact,

35、 its not good to hide your anger, and its normal for you to get angry sometimes. But anger must be let out in the right way, without hurting o_ 89 _or yourself. Let me give you some advice. When you get angry, you can talk about it with other people. Its helpful to talk about your anger with other p

36、eople, such as p_90_, teachers, good friends etc. When you talk about anger, those b_91_feelings can start to go away. On the other hand, when you start to feel angry, you can do some other things: count from 1 to 100; go for a bike ride; think about good things, etc.Dont let your anger c 92 you. Re

37、member that how you act when you are anger can make everything better or worse.86. borrows 87. faster 88. heart 89. others 90. parents 91. bad 92. control（4） In the middle of the 1800s, France was considered the most important place in the world for art. One reason for that was the Academy, a govern

38、ment organization with some strict r_86_ _ about art. It decided what could and could not be art. In order to be accepted by the Academy, an artist had to be very talented. Artists also had to paint exactly the way the Academy wanted them to. A brave group of painters challenged(挑戰(zhàn))these ideas and c

39、hanged art f_87_ Each year, the Academy had an exhibition of the art they had decided was the best. In 1864, a group of artists became a _88_ because they didnt get into the show. They felt that their paintings were not bad; the paintings were just different. After complaining to the government, the

40、se artists were given their own show. The Academy thought all art should look realistic(逼真).But these artists were more interested in trying to show movement and the bright colors of daylight. In their opinion, it was more real to show these than it was to paint a scene(場(chǎng)景)which was as s_89_as a pho

41、to. It was also more interesting to show all of the different colours when light hits an object like water.By 1874, many different artists were painting in this new style, including Claude Monet. One of his paintings had the title, Impression: sunrise. A critic(評(píng)論家)h_90_these new artists. He used Mo

42、nets title to make fun of these painters by calling them“Impressionists（印象派）”，meaning that they didnt make real paintings. The critics who liked these artists thought the word was just right. They began to use it happily. They thought it was more important to paint h_91_they saw things instead of ju

43、st what they saw. Other artists around the world felt that they could have this freedom as well. Because of the impressionists, the art w_92_was never the same.86. rules 87. forever 88. angry 89. still 90. hated 91. how 92. world（5）Once my mother told me a story. In Africa, when an antelope (羚羊) wakes up every morning, the first thing it thinks about is, “ I must be able to run faster than the fastest lion, or I will be k_. ” At the same time, a lion wakes from his dream. The first thing the lion thinks about