具體譯法和抽象譯法

1、 定義：所謂具體譯法，就是在翻譯過程中 把原文中抽象或者是比較抽象的單詞，詞 組，成語或者句子用具體或者比較具體的 單詞，詞組，成語或者句子來進行翻譯， 從而消除或降低語言差別給翻譯帶來的損 失，使譯文產(chǎn)生與原文同樣的效果。（展 開） transportation交通交通工具 translation翻譯翻譯作品 family家庭家庭成員 class班級全班學生 very timid非常膽小膽小如鼠 do evil things openly毫不隱蔽的干壞事 明火執(zhí)仗 be full of anxiety and worry十分掛念牽 腸掛肚 a great and thorough-going

2、 change 翻天覆地的變化 very anxious to return home 歸心似箭 have not cut off their relationship completely 藕斷絲連 great in momentum and irresistible 排山倒海之勢 Accelerate/increase the speed；speed up 快馬加鞭 大吵大鬧raise the roof 公開認錯stand in a white sheet 有花不完的錢have money to burn 話中有話with the tongue in the cheek/ tongue i

3、n cheek 獲得全勝sweep the board 機敏keep ones eye on the ball 堅決反對set ones face against/put ones foot down 簡言之in a nutshell 截然不同 oil and vinegar 家丑 a skeleton in the cupboard or closet 魯莽的人 a bull in a china shop 捏造 pull something out of ones hat 非常罕見 once in a blue moon 干苦差事 hold（carry）the baby 反應(yīng)快 think

4、 on ones feet quick on the trigger 保密 keep something under ones hat We should by no means neglect the evaporation of water. 我們絕不能忽視水的蒸發(fā)作用。 All the people were exasperated by his fault-finding. 大家都被他這種吹毛求疵的做法激怒了。 His arrogance sent him into isolation and helplessness. 他的傲慢態(tài)度使他孤立無援。 Many changes take

5、place during the transformation. 在轉(zhuǎn)化過程中出現(xiàn)了許多變化。 The black people were fighting against the segregation of the government. 黑人正在同政府的隔離政策作斗爭。 The crime sent him into notoriety. (BE) or The crime brought him notoriety. (AE) 這一罪行使他陷入聲名狼藉的境地。 Johns lightheartedness, however, did not last long. 然而，約翰的這種輕松愉

6、快的輕松愉快的心境沒有持續(xù)多久。 Your dejection will do no good to your health. Or Your frustration will do your health no good. 你的沮喪情緒于你的身體不利。 The government is doing its best to ease the tension in that area. 政府正在竭盡全力來緩和那個地區(qū)的緊張局勢。 他每天要處理許多棘手的問題。 He has many hot potatoes to handle everyday. Or He has many difficul

7、t situations to handle everyday. 我不敢肯定我能贏得這個榮譽，這還是未到 手的東西。 I am not sure whether I can win the honor; its a bird in the bush. 你不要過早樂觀，真正的困難還在后頭呢。 Dont count your chickens before they are hatched. The real difficulties still lie ahead. 我們決不能姑息壞人。 We should never warm snakes in our bosoms. 我不想依靠父母過日子。

8、 I dont want to hang on my parents sleeves. 你應(yīng)該把好壞分清楚。 You should separate the sheep from the goats. 同反復無常的人沒法相處。 Its hard to get along with someone who blows hot and cold. 他這個人只管自己的事。 He is a man who hoes his own potatoes. 你真是說話不看對象。 You are really casting pearls before swine. 這個男孩真粗心，他的書都已經(jīng)折角了。 Th

9、is boy is too careless; all his books are dog-eared. 具體翻譯主要包括三種類型： 1，語義上具體化。 eg：運輸運輸工具。班級全班學生 2.抽象名詞在語言形式上的具體化手法，主要是在 抽象名詞后面加上范疇詞。 eg：蒸發(fā)作用，傲慢態(tài)度，轉(zhuǎn)換過程 3.抽象名詞在比喻形象上的具體化手法。 eg：非常膽小膽小如鼠 姑息壞人warm snakes in our bosoms 分清好壞separate sheep from goats 為了譯文的忠實與通順，我們往往有必要 把原文中帶有具體意義或具體形象的單詞、 詞組、成語或句子進行抽象化處理。這種 翻

10、譯方法稱為抽象譯法。（概括） make fish of one and flesh of another 厚此薄彼 lick sbs boots; lick a persons boots 巴結(jié) eat ones heart out 極度悲痛 be in sbs pocket; be in somebodys pocket 被某人操縱 wear ones heart on ones sleeve 表露感情 put ones cards on the table 表明觀點 break the ice 打破僵局 jump out of ones skin 大吃一驚 walk on air 得意洋洋

11、 謙虛態(tài)度modesty 發(fā)展過程development 無知的表現(xiàn)innocence 同情心理sympathy 開門見山come straight to the point 狗急跳墻do something desperate 順手牽羊walk off with something 唇槍舌劍engage in a battle of argument 黔驢技窮at ones wits end I was practically on my knees but he still refused. 我?guī)缀跏强嗫喟?，但他依然拒絕。 He is a rolling stone I dont thi

12、nk he can go far. 他是個見異思遷的人，我想他不會有多大出 息。 Ill break my neck to get this done by Friday, but I cant promise for sure. 我一定會盡最大努力在星期五以前完成此事， 但是我不能打包票。 By this means she cast a bone between these two friends. 她用這種方法來離間這兩個朋友。 The matter was finally settled under the table. 事情終于私下解決了。 He earns hardly enoug

13、h to keep body and soul together. 他掙得錢幾乎難以維持生活。 I have no head for music. 我沒有音樂方面的天賦。 Please dont wake a sleeping dog. 請不要惹是生非。 You can always fall back upon him when you are in difficulties. 遇到困難時，你總可以像他求助。 The society held its meeting behind closed doors. 這個社團秘密開會。 這是他們自己的事情，你去插一腳干嘛？ Thats their b

14、usiness , why would you get involved in it ? 別人家里雞毛蒜皮的事情你都知道得這么全， 真是個順風耳??！ You know all the details of other families lives . You are really well informed. 這消息讓我出了一身冷汗。 was terrified by that news. 他萬萬沒想到在他前進的道路上竟會出現(xiàn)這 么多攔路虎。 He had never expected so many obstacles would stand in his way. 她毛遂自薦來這所小學做老

15、師。 She volunteered for the teaching post in this primary school. 我不敢班門弄斧，誠望您發(fā)表高見。 I dare not show off in the presence of an expert. I hope you would be kind enough to enlighten us on this matter. 這些問題盤根錯節(jié)，三言兩語說不清楚。 These problems are too complicated to be explained clearly in a few words. 今天下午的球賽棋逢對

16、手，一定很精彩。 This afternoons ball game is sure to be an exciting one as the two sides are well- matched. 他們?yōu)閿橙诵ПM犬馬之勞。 They worked faithfully in the service of the enemies. 我們一直往前走吧！不要三心二意。 Lets go straight ahead. Dont be wavering. 真正的好朋友應(yīng)該是雪中送炭。 A real good friend should be one offering timely help. 他這幾天心里七上八下，老是安靜不下來。 His mind was in a turmoil th