計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)中英文翻譯（外文翻譯、文獻(xiàn)翻譯）

1、英文參考文獻(xiàn)及翻譯linux - operating system of cybertimesthough for a lot of people , regard linux as the main operating system to make up huge work station group, finish special effects of titanic make , already can be regarded as and show talent fully. but for linux, this only numerous news one of. recently

2、, the manufacturers concerned have announced that support the news of linux to increase day by day, users enthusiasm to linux runs high unprecedentedly too. then, linux only have operating system not free more than on earth on 7 year this piece what glamour, get the favors of such numerous important

3、 software and hardware manufacturers as the masses of users and orac le , informix , hp , sybase , corel , intel , netscape , dell ,etc. , ok? 1.the background of linux and characteristic linux is a kind of free (free ) software : what is called free,mean users can obtain the procedure and source co

4、de freely , and can use them freely , including revise or copy etc. it is a result of cybertimes, numerous technical staff finish its research and development together through inte rnet, countless user is it test and except fault , can add user expansion function that oneself make conveniently to pa

5、rticipate in. as the most outstanding one in free software, linux has characteristic of the following: (1)totally follow poslx standard, expand the network operating system of supporting all at&t and bsd unix characteristic. because of inheritting unix outstanding design philosophy , and there are c

6、lean , stalwart , high-efficient and steady kernels, their all key codes are finished by li nus torvalds and other outstanding programmers, without any unix code of at&t or berkeley, so linu x is not unix, but linux and unix are totally compatible. (2)real many tasks, multi-users system, the built-i

7、n network supports, can be with such seamless links as netware , windows nt , os/2 , unix ,etc. network in various kinds of unix it tests to be fastest in comparing and assess efficiency. support such many kinds of files systems as fat16 , fat32 , ntfs , ex t2fs , iso9600 ,etc. at the same time . (3

8、) can operate it in many kinds of hardwares platform , including such processors as alpha , sunsparc , powerpc , mips ,etc., to various kinds of new-type peripheral hardwares, can from distribute on global numerous programmer there getting support rapidly too.(4) to that the hardware requires lower,

9、 can obtain very good performance on more low-grade machine , what deserves particular mention is linux outstanding stability , permitted year count often its running times. 2.main application of linux at present,now, the application of linux mainly includes: (1) internet/intranet: this is one that

10、linux was used most at present, it can offer and include web server , all such inter net services as ftp server , gopher server , smtp/pop3 mail server , proxy/cache server , dns server ,etc. linux kernel supports ipalias , ppp and iptunneling, these functions can be used for setting up fictitious h

11、ost computer , fictitious service , vpn (fictitious special-purpose network ) ,etc. operating apache web server on linux mainly, the occupation rate of market in 1998 is 49%, far exceeds the sum of such several big companies as microsoft , netscape ,etc. (2) because linux has outstanding networking

12、ability , it can be usedin calculating distributedly large-scaly, for instance cartoon making , scientific caculation , database and file server ,etc. (3) as realization that is can under low platform fullness of unix that operate , apply at all levels teaching and research work of universities and

13、colleges extensively, if mexico government announce middle and primary schools in the whole country dispose linux and offer internet service for student already. (4) tabletop and handling official business appliedly. application number of people of in this respect at present not so good as windows o

14、f microsoft far also, reason its lie in lin ux quantity , desk-top of application software not so good as windows application far not merely, because the characteristic of the freedom software makes it not almost have advertisement that support (though the function of star office is not second to ms

15、 office at the same time, but there are actually few people knowing). 3.can linux become a kind of major operating system? in the face of the pressure of coming from users that is strengthened day by day, more and more commercial companies transplant its application to linux platform, comparatively

16、important incident was as follows, in 1998 compaq and hp determine to put forward user of requirement truss up linux at their servers , ibm and dell promise to offer customized linux system to user too. lotus announce, notes the next edition include one special-purpose edition in linux. corel compan

17、y transplants its famous wordperfect to on linux, and free issue. corel also plans to move the other figure pattern process products to linux platform completely.main database producer: sybase , informix , oracle , ca , ibm have already been transplanted ones own database products to on linux, or ha

18、s finished beta edition, among them oracle and informix also offer technical support to their products. 4.the gratifying one is, some farsighted domestic corporations have begun to try hard to change this kind of current situation already. stone co. not long ago is it invest a huge sum of money to c

19、laim , regard linux as platform develop a internet/intranet solution, regard this as the core and launch stones system integration business , plan to set up nationwide linux technical support organization at the same time , take the lead to promote the freedom software application and development in

20、 china. in addition domestic computer company , person who win of china , devoted to linux relevant software and hardware application of system popularize too. is it to intensification that linux know , will have more and more enterprises accede to the ranks that linux will be used with domestic eve

21、ry enterprise to believe, more software will be planted in linux platform. meanwhile, the domestic university should regard linux as the original version and upgrade already existing unix content of courses , start with analysing the source code and revising the kernel and train a large number of se

22、nior linux talents, improve our countrys own operating system. having only really grasped the operating system, the software industry of our country could be got rid of and aped sedulously at present, the passive state led by the nose by others, create conditions for revitalizing the software indust

23、ry of our country fundamentally.中文翻譯linux網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)代的操作系統(tǒng)雖然對(duì)許多人來(lái)說(shuō)，以linux作為主要的操作系統(tǒng)組成龐大的工作站群，完成 了泰坦尼克號(hào)的特技制作，已經(jīng)算是出盡了風(fēng)頭。但是對(duì)linux來(lái)說(shuō)，這只是眾多新聞 中的一個(gè)。最近，有關(guān)各廠商宣布支持linux的新聞日趨增多，用戶對(duì)linux的熱情也空前高 漲。那么，linux這個(gè)只有7年多的免費(fèi)操作系統(tǒng)到底有什么魅力，能夠獲得廣大用戶及orac le、informix、hp、sybase、corel、intel、網(wǎng)景、dell等眾多重要軟硬件廠商的青睞呢? 1. linux的背景和特色linux是一種“

24、自由(free)軟件”：所謂自由，是指用戶可以自由地獲取程序及其源代碼， 并能自由地使用他們，包括修改或拷貝等。它是網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)代的產(chǎn)物，眾多的技術(shù)人員通過(guò)inte rnet共同完成它的研究和開發(fā)，無(wú)數(shù)用戶參與了測(cè)試和除錯(cuò)，并可方便地加上用戶自己編制 的擴(kuò)充功能。作為自由軟件中最為出色的一個(gè)，linux具有如下的特點(diǎn)：(1) 完全遵循poslx標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并擴(kuò)展支持所有at&t和bsd unix特性的網(wǎng)絡(luò)操作系統(tǒng)。由于繼承 了unix優(yōu)秀的設(shè)計(jì)思想，且擁有干凈、健壯、高效且穩(wěn)定的內(nèi)核，其所有核心代碼都是由li nus torvalds以及其他優(yōu)秀的程序員們完成，沒有at&t或伯克利的任何unix代碼，所以

25、linu x不是unix，但linux與unix完全兼容。(2) 真正的多任務(wù)、多用戶系統(tǒng)，內(nèi)置網(wǎng)絡(luò)支持，能與netware、windows nt、os/2、unix 等無(wú)縫連接。網(wǎng)絡(luò)效能在各種unix測(cè)試評(píng)比中速度最快。同時(shí)支持fat16、fat32、ntfs、ex t2fs、iso9600等多種文件系統(tǒng)。(3) 可運(yùn)行于多種硬件平臺(tái)，包括alpha、sunsparc、powerpc、mips等處理器，對(duì)各種新型 外圍硬件，也可以從分布于全球的眾多程序員那里得到迅速地支持。(4) 對(duì)硬件要求較低，可在較低檔的機(jī)器上獲得很好的性能，特別值得一提的是linux出色 的穩(wěn)定性，其運(yùn)行時(shí)間往往可以“

26、年”計(jì)。2. linux的主要應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域目前，linux的應(yīng)用主要包括：(1) internet/intranet：這是目前l(fā)inux用得最多的一項(xiàng)，它可提供包括web服務(wù)器、ftp服 務(wù)器、gopher服務(wù)器、smtp/pop3郵件服務(wù)器、proxy/cache服務(wù)器、dns服務(wù)器等全部inter net服務(wù)。linux內(nèi)核支持ipalias、ppp和iptunneling,這些功能可用于建立虛擬主機(jī)、虛擬 服務(wù)、vpn(虛擬專用網(wǎng))等。主要運(yùn)行于linux之上的apache web服務(wù)器，1998年的市場(chǎng)占有 率為49%，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)微軟、網(wǎng)景等幾家大公司之和。(2) 由于linux擁有出色的聯(lián)

27、網(wǎng)能力，因此它可用于大型分布式計(jì)算，如動(dòng)畫制作、科學(xué)計(jì) 算、數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)及文件服務(wù)器等。(3) 作為可在低平臺(tái)下運(yùn)行的unix的完整(且免費(fèi))的實(shí)現(xiàn)，廣泛應(yīng)用于各級(jí)院校的教學(xué)和科 研工作，如墨西哥政府已經(jīng)宣布在全國(guó)的所有中小學(xué)配置linux并為學(xué)生提供internet服務(wù) 。(4) 桌面和辦公應(yīng)用。目前這方面的應(yīng)用人數(shù)還遠(yuǎn)不如微軟的windows，其原因不僅在于lin ux桌面應(yīng)用軟件的數(shù)量遠(yuǎn)不如windows應(yīng)用，同時(shí)也因?yàn)樽杂绍浖奶匦允沟闷鋷缀鯖]有廣 告支持(雖然star office的功能并不亞于ms office，但知道的人并不多)。如今，通?？梢酝ㄟ^(guò)兩個(gè)途徑獲得linux的發(fā)行版：直接從internet下載