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1、Strain Monitoring of Widening Cement Concrete Pavement Subjected to Differential Settlement of Foundation 地基不均勻沉降下的寬混凝土路面的地基不均勻沉降下的寬混凝土路面的 應(yīng)力應(yīng)變監(jiān)測(cè)應(yīng)力應(yīng)變監(jiān)測(cè) Catalog vAbstract vKeywords vBackground vMain Content vResults and Discussion vReferences Abstract vThis paper describes the use of a sensor based o
2、n a fiber Bragg grating (FBG), which is capable of reducing strain transfer errors, to measure the strain features within the top and bottom layers of a cement concrete pavement subject to different degrees of foundation settlement. Based on measured data, the characteristics of the distribution and
3、 the variation in the structure strain were analyzed in detail. v本文介紹了基于光纖光柵原理的一種傳感器,這種傳感器 能夠減少應(yīng)變傳遞誤差,并測(cè)量頂層和底層受不同程度的 基礎(chǔ)沉降影響的水泥混凝土路面的應(yīng)變功能?;趯?shí)測(cè)數(shù) 據(jù),詳細(xì)分析了該結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)變分布的特點(diǎn)及變化規(guī)律。 v By comparing the measured results with those obtained by means of finite element analysis, the proposed FBGbased sensor assembly wa
4、s found to be capable of effectively monitoring the strain distribution in a cement concrete pavement,thus proving that the improved optical fiber grating strain sensor is a very promising solution for road pavement structural health monitoring. v 通過(guò)實(shí)測(cè)結(jié)果與有限元分析的方法比較,可以看出該 光纖光柵傳感器組件是能夠有效地監(jiān)測(cè)的應(yīng)變分布在 水泥混凝
5、土路面,進(jìn)一步也證明改進(jìn)后的光纖光柵應(yīng) 變傳感器對(duì)于路面結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測(cè)方面的研究是一種很 有前景的解決方案。 Keywords vFBG; vSensors; vStrain Monitoring ; vCement Concrete Pavement; v Differential Settlement of Foundation; vThe main advantages of optical fiber sensors over conventional monitoring techniques include their immunity to electromagnetic inte
6、rference, their small size, and lightweight construction, which can overcome the limitations.Optical fiber technology has been widely used for structure monitoring in civil engineering. vMany road widening projects quickly saw the appearance of many longitudinal cracks, soon after the completion of
7、construction. Therefore, research into road widening projects has very practical significance. Background vThis paper mainly describes the use of an FBG sensor to monitor the strain features of a concrete pavement structure in fullsize model testing. The paper is divided into two parts. In part 1, w
8、e present the physical background to Bragg grating sensors and their application to full-size model tests. In part2, the results of experiments are presented and compared with those of finite-elements method (FEM) simulations. Background Main Content Bragg grating reflecting light wave with specific
9、 wavelength. When a broadband light source is injected into the optical fiber, the FGB will reflect a part of narrow spectrum light with specific wavelength and then generate a certain reflection spectrum. The center wavelength of the reflected light has a specific relationship with the optical fibe
10、r strain and temperature. FBG sensor is also very sensitive to temperature change, so the temperature-compensation problem must be solved. During the test, by adding another temperature sensor, the temperature of the same field is measured, and then the test strain values would be modified. Main Con
11、tent The main application difficulty originates in two areas. First one is the accurate installation and on-site protection of the fiber optic cable transmission grating. To allow the fiber grating to reflect the deformation, stress, and other physical values of the structure, it is necessary to ens
12、ure synchronization deformation between the fiber grating and the object. In addition, to accurately obtain the strain in the pavement structure and its variation with temperature, fiber grating readings must isolate strain and temperature in the process of long-term monitoring. Main Content The lif
13、t system of the model test simulation platform consists of hydraulic jacks, which can simulate the settling values and the sedimentation rate of the foundations. The multiple rig panels of the test platform are assembled into a “ground surface” with manual control, while translational and rotational
14、 movements are achieved using the activities panel under the control of the lifting system, which can be approximated by simulating the actual surface foundation settlement. Main Content To effectively protect a sensor in hostile construction environments and thus attain reasonable monitoring data,
15、a protection system based on a tube-package was developed and implemented. Main Content It can be seen that the strain gradually increases with the increase in . A relatively steady stage with small magnitude is observed before reaches 8 cm. When surpasses 8 cm,however, the strain begins to increase
16、 more rapidly. At this point, due to the additional stress caused by considerable differential settlement of the ground, structural failure develops in the pavement and cracking occurs on the surface. Main Content As shown in Figure 8, the strain data for Nodes 1 to 12 were observed, so as to obtain
17、 the strain curves for the concrete pavement subjected to differential settlement of the foundation (Figure 9). Results and Discussion A comparison between the measured and FEA results showed that both results exhibit the same variations and trends, which show that the improved optical fiber grating
18、 strain sensor constitutes a very promising solution for application to road pavement structural health monitoring, as well as other civil structures. References 1 Y. B. Lin, C. L. Pan, Y. H. Kuo, K. C. Chang, and J. C. Chern,“Online monitoring of highway bridge construction using fiber Bragg gratin
19、g sensors,” Smart Materials and Structures, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 10751082, 2005. 2 T. Matsumoto, P. Kitiyodom, H. Matsui, and Y. Katsuzaki,“Monitoring of load distribution of the piles of a bridge during and after construction,” Soils and Foundations, vol. 44, no. 4, pp.109117, 2004. 3 J. M. Lopez-Hi
20、guera, C. J. Misas, A. Q. Incera, and J. Echevarr aCuenca, “Fiber optic civil structure monitoring system,” Optical Engineering, vol. 44, no. 4, 2005. 4 S.-C. Her and C.-Y. Tsai, “Strain measurement of fiber optic sensor surface bonding on host material,” Transactions ofNonferrous Metals Society of
21、China, vol. 19, supplement 1, pp.s143s149, 2009. 5 K. Kesavan, K. Ravisankar, S. Parivallal, P. Sreeshylam, and S.Sridhar, “Experimental studies on fiber optic sensors embedded in concrete,” Measurement, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 157163, 2010. 6 A. Klar, I. Dromy, and R. Linker, “Monitoring tunneling indu
22、ced ground displacements using distributed fiber-optic sensing,” Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, vol. 40, pp. 141150, 2014. 7 X. Weng, H.-H. Zhu, J. Chen, D. Liang, B. Shi, and C.-C.Zhang, “Experimental investigation of pavement behavior after embankment widening using a fiber optic sen
23、sor network,”Structural Health Monitoring, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 4656, 2015. References 8 Z. Zhou, W. Liu, Y. Huang et al., “Optical fiber Bragg grating sensor assembly for 3D strain monitoring and its case study in highway pavement,” Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 28, pp. 3649, 2012.
24、9 Y. Chen, L. V. Yue, and Z. Zhang, “The cause of longitudinal pavement fissures and preventions on highway road-widening engineering,” East China Highway, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 3841, 2003(Chinese). 10 W. Xiaolin, L. Lintao, and Z. Liujun, “Model experimental research on wetting damage mechanism of wi
25、dening loess roadbed,” Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 10751081, 2010 (Chinese). 11 H. Jie and A. Ken, “Use of geogrid-reinforced and pilesupported earth structures,” in Proceeding of the International Deep Foundation Congress, pp. 668679, ASCE, Orlando, Fla,USA, February 2002. 12 H. Qinlong, L. Jianming, and T. Boming, “Experimental research on incoordinate deformation between existing subgrade and the widening one,” Journal of Highway
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