電大橋梁工程期末考試試卷+答案小抄

1、專業(yè)好文檔一、單項選擇題（15題，每題2分）1. 橋梁總長是指： a a橋梁兩橋臺臺背前緣間的距離 b橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)兩支點間的距離c橋梁兩個橋臺側(cè)墻尾端間的距離 d各孔凈跨徑的總和2. 橋梁的建筑高度是指： a a橋面與橋跨結(jié)構(gòu)最低邊緣的高差 b橋面與墩底之間的高差c橋面與地面線之間的高差 d橋面與基礎(chǔ)底面之間的高差3. 單向橋面板是指長寬比的周邊支承橋面板： c a大于 1 b等于或大于 2 c等于或小于 2 d小于 24. 人群荷載屬于： b a永久作用 b可變作用 c其它可變荷載 d偶然作用5. 主梁配置預(yù)應(yīng)力束筋、主筋、斜筋以及作各種驗算時，需要主梁的： d a彎矩圖 b剪力圖 c影響線圖

2、d內(nèi)力包絡(luò)圖6. 橋梁按體系劃分可分為： a a梁橋、拱橋、剛架橋、纜索承重橋以及組合體系橋b簡支梁橋、懸臂梁橋、連續(xù)梁橋和連續(xù)剛構(gòu)橋c木橋、鋼橋、圬工橋、鋼筋砼橋和預(yù)應(yīng)力砼橋d公路橋、鐵路橋、人行橋和農(nóng)用橋7. 剛性橫梁法的基本假定為： b a橫梁的剛度與主梁相同 b橫梁的剛度為無窮小c橫梁的剛度為無窮大 d橫梁的剛度小于主梁剛度8. 均勻溫度場中連續(xù)梁橋?qū)ⅲ?b a產(chǎn)生結(jié)構(gòu)自應(yīng)力和次應(yīng)力 b只產(chǎn)生結(jié)構(gòu)自應(yīng)力c只產(chǎn)生結(jié)構(gòu)次應(yīng)力 d既不產(chǎn)生結(jié)構(gòu)自應(yīng)力也不產(chǎn)生結(jié)構(gòu)次應(yīng)力9. 我國現(xiàn)行規(guī)范中，橋梁設(shè)計采用的作用分為： a a永久作用、可變作用、偶然作用b永久作用、基本可變作用、其它可變作用c恒載、

3、可變作用、地震力d結(jié)構(gòu)自重、車輛作用、偶然作用10. 在橋梁施工中，預(yù)拱度的大小通常取： c a全部恒載所產(chǎn)生的豎向撓度b全部恒載和全部活載所產(chǎn)生的豎向撓度c全部恒載和一半活載所產(chǎn)生的豎向撓度d全部活載所產(chǎn)生的豎向撓度11. 用剛性橫梁法計算出的某梁荷載橫向分布影響線的形狀是： a a直線 b折線 c曲線 d拋物線12. 頂推法施工適合的橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)形式為： d a鋼筋混凝土連續(xù)梁 b變截面預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土連續(xù)梁 c跨度較少的連續(xù)梁 d多跨等截面預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土連續(xù)梁13. 預(yù)應(yīng)力能夠增加混凝土梁跨度的主要原因是：c a鋼筋數(shù)量增加 b混凝土強度提高c預(yù)應(yīng)力使混凝土全截面參與工作 d橋梁截面構(gòu)造合理14.

4、 在以下關(guān)于先張梁和后張梁的表述中，正確的是： b a預(yù)應(yīng)力筋張拉時混凝土的齡期不同 b各束預(yù)應(yīng)力筋張拉次序不同c一個是有粘結(jié)，一個是無粘結(jié) d一個有錨具，一個沒有錨具15. 均布荷載下，上承式拱橋的合理拱軸線是： d a圓弧 b二次拋物線 c對數(shù)曲線 d懸鏈線二、判斷題 （5題，每題2分）1在同一座連續(xù)梁橋中，主梁自重內(nèi)力與采用的施工方法無關(guān)，因為主梁自重內(nèi)力只與它的計算跨徑和自重的分布情況有關(guān)。（ x ）2對于坡橋，宜將滑動支座設(shè)置在標(biāo)高較高的墩臺上。（ ）3計算主梁的彎矩時，可在全跨內(nèi)取用相同的荷載橫向分布系數(shù)。（ x ）4連續(xù)板橋在支點處產(chǎn)生負(fù)彎矩，對跨中彎矩起到卸載作用，故可以比簡支

5、梁橋的跨徑做得大一些或其厚度比同跨徑的簡支梁做得薄一些。（ r ）5連續(xù)剛構(gòu)橋的受力特點與連續(xù)梁橋接近，故其橋墩的構(gòu)造可與連續(xù)梁橋類似，即對橋墩的剛度和高度沒有什么特殊要求。（ ）三、簡答題（在下列6題中任選5題，每題6分）1比較分析簡支體系梁橋、懸臂體系梁橋、連續(xù)梁橋力學(xué)特點的異同點。簡支： 主要受彎矩和剪力。 懸臂體系： 主要是拉力。 連續(xù)梁體系： 主要是跨中受力， 支座處為負(fù)彎矩。 2車道荷載和車輛荷載的適用場合。車道荷載由均布荷載和集中荷載組成。橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)的整體計算采用車道荷載，橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)的局部加載、涵洞、橋臺和擋土墻土壓力等的計算采用車輛荷載。車道荷載與車輛荷載的作用不得疊加。3設(shè)置橋面

6、橫坡的作用及設(shè)置方法。作用： 迅速排除雨水，保護橋面板設(shè)置方法： 板橋：橫坡直接設(shè)在 墩（臺）頂部找坡 裝配式肋梁橋：橋面板上先鋪 一層三角墊層（不很寬的梁） 寬橋：將橋面板做成傾斜的 調(diào)整各片梁的標(biāo)高4對于由翼板和腹板焊接成的鋼板梁，其豎向和橫向加勁肋應(yīng)該布置的位置。5對于橫向由多片主梁組成的簡支梁，需要通過哪些構(gòu)造來保證其受力的整體性？（橫隔板，橫隔梁 加橫向支撐體系。）page 94 6橋面鋪裝層的作用及要求。作用： 保護主梁不受車輛輪胎磨耗 防止主梁遭受雨水侵蝕 對車輪荷載起分布作用 減弱對橋的沖擊 要求 抗車轍、行車舒適、抗滑、不透水四、分析計算題（在下列4題中任選3題，每題10分）

7、1畫一座典型的三跨懸索橋的立面圖（包括基礎(chǔ)），標(biāo)出主要組成部分的名稱，指出各主要組成部分的受力特點或作用。當(dāng)橋上有車輛荷載時，說明其主要傳力途徑。p266 橋梁工程（下） 2平衡懸臂法施工的三跨連續(xù)梁，計算其主梁自重內(nèi)力應(yīng)經(jīng)過哪五個主要階段？請畫出各階段主梁自重內(nèi)力計算圖。橋梁工程下page 12 3某計算跨徑l19.5m的橋梁，橫向有5片t梁組成，各梁橫截面均相等，假定橫隔梁具有足夠的連接剛度，試用偏心壓力法，求汽車荷載位于跨中截面時，2號梁的荷載橫向影響線。（搞定）p144頁 類似（題型）下冊題3圖4如下圖所示的預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土簡支梁橋中配有一拋物線預(yù)應(yīng)力筋，預(yù)應(yīng)力筋的線形為二次拋物線，方程為

8、y = 4fx2 / l2，坐標(biāo)系如圖，預(yù)應(yīng)力筋的有效預(yù)加力為p（不計沿程損失），在梁端的錨固力方向水平傾角為。（1）寫出等效荷載值的表達(dá)式；（2）畫出該梁在預(yù)應(yīng)力作用下的彎矩圖和軸力圖。題4圖winger tuivasa-sheck, who scored two tries in the kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over england, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering f

9、rom a knee injury aggravated against usa.both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but australia have not conceded a try since josh charnleys effort in their first pool match against england on the opening day.aussie winger jarryd hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, cl

10、osely followed by tuivasa-sheck with eight.but it is recently named rugby league international federation player of the year sonny bill williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.the kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to

11、 win the world cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the all blacks in 2011.id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend, said williams.the (lack of) air up there watch mcayman islands-based webb, the head of fifas anti-racism taskforce, i

12、s in london for the football associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend citys premier league match at chelsea on sunday.i am going to be at the match tomorrow and i have asked to meet yaya toure, he told bbc sport.for me its about how he felt and i would like to speak to him first t

13、o find out what his experience was.uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against cskafor the racist behaviour of their fans duringcitys 2-1 win.michel platini, president of european footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.cska said they were

14、surprised and disappointed by toures complaint. in a statement the russian side added: we found no racist insults from fans of cska. baumgartner the disappointing news: mission aborted.the supersonic descent could happen as early as sunda.the weather plays an important role in this mission. starting

15、 at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. the balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. it will climb higher than

16、the tip of mount everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. as he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.the balloon will slowly drift

17、 to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( then, i would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an olympic diving platform.they blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the kiwis in manchester.five years ago they cruised t

18、hrough to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by englands josh charnley in the opening game of the tournament.that could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but i have been impressed by the kangaroos focus in their games since then.they have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. theyve been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in th