高考英語復(fù)習(xí)專題

1、全國高考大綱連續(xù)三年來沒有大的調(diào)整，連續(xù)兩年9門學(xué)科沒有任何變化。2013年，我省的首批高中課改生將迎來“新高考”，其高考指揮棒將改用“新課標(biāo)版高考大綱”。全國高考大綱預(yù)計(jì)都不作調(diào)整，也是為了讓“舊高考”平穩(wěn)地向“新高考”過渡。展望今年的高考，我們堅(jiān)信：2011年的英語高考試題將注重語言基礎(chǔ)能力運(yùn)用，注重語言及選材的時(shí)代性，注重語言隱含的情感態(tài)度及文化意識，努力為考生營造一個(gè)能發(fā)揮自己思維能力、富有鼓勵(lì)性的考試環(huán)境，引導(dǎo)考生觀察社會、關(guān)注社會，發(fā)揮高考“指揮棒”對高中英語教學(xué)的正確導(dǎo)向作用。整份試題強(qiáng)化考查考生運(yùn)用知識的能力這一趨勢不會變。所以，對于高三教師和將于明年參加高考的考生而言，如何強(qiáng)

2、化知識應(yīng)用能力的訓(xùn)練是十分重要的。一、高考復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)、重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)及熱點(diǎn)1.語音知識五個(gè)元音字母a, e, i, o ,u的發(fā)音；五個(gè)輔音字母c, g, n, s, x的發(fā)音；元音字母組合ai, ei, ea, ie, oo的讀音；輔音字母組合ch, ng, th的讀音；元音+輔音字母組合ex的讀音；特殊詞尾 -ed, -s, -es 的讀音；不符合讀音規(guī)則的常用詞的讀音。a. industry, sundayb. 有些詞加后綴時(shí)引起讀音的變化nature/ei/ natural /nation /ei/ national/know/u/ knowledge /south /sau/ southe

3、rn /sn/c. 詞形變化引起讀音變化* 可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的讀音變化mouth / mouths / z/house /s/ houses /ziz/woman/wumn/ women /wimin/* 詞過去式中的讀音變化eat ate /et/ mean meant /ment/hear heard /h:d/say /sei/ said /sed/d. 復(fù)合詞的讀音變化break/ei/ breakfast /e/head/e/ forehead /rid/hand / d / handsome / /room /u:/ classroom /u/news /z/newspaper /s

4、/e. 同源詞的讀音變化breath / breathe / /bath /ba:/ bathe /bei/cloth/kl/ clothes/kluz/worth / worthy / i/real /ril/ reality /rilti/political / politics / /2.單項(xiàng)填空（1）冠詞的特殊用法：冠詞的非前位用法 不定冠詞用在quite，rather，many，half，what，等詞之后。例如： what did you think of the concert？ oh，it was quite a success. 不定冠詞用在so（as，too，how）+形容

5、詞之后。 例如：she is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet. its too difficult a book for us to read. he is so good a student that we all like him. （2）抽象名詞具體化一種、一場、一個(gè)或某個(gè)動(dòng)作的一次、一番。例如：have a look，have a try。success / a success(一個(gè)成功的人或事) study / a study(一項(xiàng)具體的研究) 某一品質(zhì)的具體行動(dòng)。例如：kindness( 仁慈,友好 ) / a kindness(一

6、件好事,幫一次忙 )thank you，tim. you have done me a kindness. 引起某種情緒的事。例如：pleasure(快樂,愉快) / a pleasure(一件高興的事) surprise(驚訝) / a surprise(一個(gè)驚喜 )its a pleasure to work with you. its a pity that you cant swim. （3）兩組代詞的用法it / one (ones)/ that (those)other/the other/others/ the others/ another*the doctor thought

7、 _ would be good for you to have a holiday. (2010全國卷ii-14)a. thisb. thatc. oned. it*neither side is prepared to talk to _ unless we can smooth things over between them. (2010全國卷ii-12)a. others b. the otherc. another d. one other*the cds are on sale! buy one and you get _ completely free. (2009全國卷ii-

8、12)a. otherb. othersc. oned. ones*one of the most important questions they had to consider was _ of public health. (2009全國卷i-33)a. whatb. thisc. thatd. which(4) 主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞某些實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式后跟副詞表示被動(dòng)意義(sell, wash, write, last, read, wear )等。這種“動(dòng)詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)常表示事物特有的屬性。the pen my father gave me as a birthday gift wri

9、tes smoothly.某些及物動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)為不及物動(dòng)詞后,其主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,如open(打開,營業(yè)),close(關(guān)門),shut(關(guān)),cut(切割),weigh(重),act(上演)等。this shop opens much earlier than it used to.某些不及物動(dòng)詞和相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞的短語,如happen, occur, cost 以及短語,如,come out(出版) , come up(出現(xiàn)) , come into being(產(chǎn)生), come to ones mind(想起), turn out(證明是), come about(發(fā)生), break

10、out(爆發(fā)), belong to(屬于)等,它們常用主動(dòng)形式，沒有被動(dòng)形式。the first textbooks written for teaching english as a foreign language came out in the 18th century.(5)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特殊用法 could/was(were) able to seriously hurt as he was, he _ tell the police what had happened. a. couldb. mightc. was able tod. couldnt can (有時(shí)候會) it is

11、 usually warm in my hometown in march, but it _ be rather cold sometimes. (08福建卷)a. mustb. can c. shouldd. wouldwouldwhen he was there, he _ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. a. wouldb. shouldc. had betterd. mightmust (偏要多指令人不快之事，非要，表責(zé)備、抱怨的色彩)may i smoke here?if you _, choos

12、e a seat in the smoking section.a. shouldb. could c. may d. must should (理應(yīng)； 對某事不能理解、感到意外、驚異，竟然、竟會)how is your tour around the north lake? is it beautiful?it _ be, but it is now heavily polluted. a. willb. wouldc. shouldd. mustyou cant imagine that a well-educated gentleman _ be so rude to a lady. a

13、. mightb. needc. shouldd. would shall (在肯定句中用于第二，三人稱的句子中表示決心,命令,警告,允諾等，特別是宣布法律、規(guī)定等)what does the sign over there read?“no person _ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area.” a. shallb. willc. cand. needall payments _ be made by the end of the month according to the contract. a.

14、 shallb. willc. cand. need (6) 非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式變化 否定式：not / never + to do / doing / doneltony was very unhappy for not having been invited to the party. 動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：形容詞性物主代詞/名詞所有格 + （not）+ v-ing victor apologized for his not being able to inform me of the change in the plan. 有些動(dòng)名詞在句中是主動(dòng)形式，但有被動(dòng)的含義。the house req

15、uires/needs/wants repairing. * 跟不定式則要用被動(dòng)式。注：在be worth doing句型中，動(dòng)名詞doing表示的是被動(dòng)意義。 if a thing is worth doing，it is worth doing well. 完成式的被動(dòng)式nobody was found to have been killed in the accident then.the house showed no sign of having been damaged. having been discussed many times, the problems were set

16、tled at last.（7）各種從句的連接詞 what what相當(dāng)于all that / everything that等，在一定語境下 what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句可表特殊含義。*表示 “的人”, 相當(dāng)于“the person that。he is not what he was a few years ago. who is it that has made fred what he is now? *表示 “的地方”, 相當(dāng)于 “the place that.”。a modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years

17、 ago.the famous foreign poet finally arrived at what is usually called “shangri-la” in china and was greatly attracted by it.*表示 “的數(shù)目”, 相當(dāng)于 “the amount / number that.”。our income is now double what it was ten years ago. the number of the students in our school has reached as many as 20,000, ten time

18、s what it was ten years ago. *表示 “的樣子”等. our hometown has changed a lot, and now it is quite different from what it used to be a few years ago. wheresituation, occasion, case, point, position, system, state, job, business, family, race, concert, meeting, condition等作先行詞時(shí)，都可以表示抽象的地點(diǎn)，后面可接where引導(dǎo)的定語從句。t

19、he media can often help solve problems and draw attention to situations where help is needed. (book 2a p12) most of us will eventually find ourselves in a situation where we or someone else needs help. (book 2a p63) i dont care much for pay. i just want to get a job where i can be greatly valued. i

20、have reached a point in my life where i am supposed to make decisions of my own. (2009浙江) its helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently(2009福建) life is like a long race where we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. (2009重慶) there is a system where the wa

21、ste is disposed of using the principles of cology. as* as用作關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句，并在從句中作主語、表語或狀語，構(gòu)成the sameas, suchas等結(jié)構(gòu)。如：i shall do it in the same way as you did. i want to have such a dictionary as he has. * as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。as在定語從句中作主語、表語或賓語，這個(gè)定語從句說明整個(gè)句子，可以放在主句之前。例如： as we all know, he studies very hard

22、.as is known to all, he is the best student in our class.常用的這種類似插入語的句式有as is said above, as is already mentioned above, as is known to all, as it is, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等。 as is often the case, we have worked out the study plan at the beginning of the new term.*as引導(dǎo)

23、讓步狀語從句 before（book 1a p24）before的本意為“在之前”，根據(jù)具體語境還可有多種理解。如： he almost knocked me down before he saw me. before i could get in a word, he measured me. ill do it now before i forget it.time passed quickly and three months went by before she knew it.(8) 由break, call, get, go, look, make, put, keep, turn

24、, take, come, give等構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語。* break down/break up *go through *make out *turn out (9) it構(gòu)成的五個(gè)句型it + be + 一段時(shí)間 + before 從句it will be three hours _ he arrives at the airport. it + be+ 一段時(shí)間 + since從句it has been three years _ he joined the army.it + be+ 時(shí)間 + when從句it was already 8 oclock _ we got home.it

25、 + be+ 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that從句it was ten years ago _ i began to learn english. it + be + 一段時(shí)間 + until (until在此相當(dāng)于before) it would be ten years _ he knew the truth.* im sorry youve been waiting so long, but itll still be some time _ brian get back. (2008 北京) a. beforeb. sincec. till d. after3.完形填空 基礎(chǔ)教育應(yīng)隨著社會的需

26、要與時(shí)俱進(jìn)。高考命題要根據(jù)社會的要求選擇學(xué)科的相應(yīng)內(nèi)容，要使學(xué)生學(xué)到的知識和掌握的能力能夠適應(yīng)未來的社會要求。高考試題無論從形式上還是從內(nèi)容上，都應(yīng)具有較強(qiáng)的應(yīng)用性和鮮明的時(shí)代特色，關(guān)注熱點(diǎn)問題，富有教育意義。 高考試題的時(shí)代特征主要體現(xiàn)在完形填空、閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)上。人們?nèi)粘Ｕ務(wù)摰慕裹c(diǎn)話題理應(yīng)在試題中得到適當(dāng)?shù)姆从?。在選材和語境中社會熱點(diǎn)的引入很好地反映了鮮明的時(shí)代特點(diǎn)，所以我們可以關(guān)注環(huán)境保護(hù)、自然災(zāi)害、能源危機(jī)、金融危機(jī)、科技熱點(diǎn)、多元文化等等素材。4.單詞拼寫 1. 一些生活中常用的高頻詞、基礎(chǔ)詞。比如：月份、星期及跟學(xué)生生活密切相關(guān)的學(xué)習(xí)科目。1998年考到saturday，06年

27、考january，06陜西卷考到geography，08年考了february，10年december。2. 比較難記、難寫、容易出錯(cuò)的單詞毫無疑問是“單詞拼寫”題的主要考查對象。主要有這樣一些：詞的音、形不一致的單詞。例如：exhibition, foreign, government, guitar, tongue，column, hospital, christmas, restaurant, straight, bargain(06陜西), ceiling (07陜西), neighbor(u)r(08陜西)，kitchen (08浙江)，temperature(08陜西)等。較長的單

28、詞。例如：construction, agriculture, difference, immediately, valuable, unforgettable, international, technology, experience, magazine (06浙江),kindergarten(09), favourite(10)等。詞形相似的詞。例如：quality與quantity，quiet與quite，signal與single, present與parent，model與medal，stare與stair，place與palace等。含雙寫字母的單詞。例如： beginning,

29、 official, permission, pollution, difficult, different, announce, professor, pressure, manners, sorrow, disappointed, tobacco, passenger, umbrella, necessary, discussion, suddenly (07陜西), possession (07陜西), accept (07浙江), succeed(07全國卷)，accident(08浙江)，swimming(08全國)，pressed(09全國), pillows(09全國), ass

30、istant(10全國)等。3. 分清詞類：分清名詞和形容詞。例如：asia與asian，wonder與wonderful，europe與european，length與long等。分清名詞和動(dòng)詞。例如：success與succeed，discussion與discuss，advice與advise，apology與apologize，pronounce與pronunciation，explanation與explain，effect與affect等。分清形容詞和副詞。例如：slight與slightly，responsible與responsibly，comfortable與comforta

31、bly，main與mainly等。分清動(dòng)詞-ing與過去分詞。例如：exciting與excited，interesting與interested，inspiring與inspired ，tiring 與tired等。4. 詞義辨析：命題人員經(jīng)常把單詞拼寫和近義詞、同義詞的辨析結(jié)合起來考查。例如：separate與divide(08陜西)，accept（07浙江）與receive等。 5. 語法運(yùn)用：名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。這些詞常以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)：information, progress, weather(06浙江), practice, patience, knowledge, discussion

32、, population, pollution, technology, furniture (06浙江), value, atmosphere, marriage, attention, construction, agriculture, industry, length, strength, imagination, situation, pressure, majority, invitation, explanation, equipment, development, exhibition, surprise ；這些詞常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)：achievements, affairs,

33、conditions, congratulations(06陜西), parents, relations, manners (禮貌), repairs, preparations, thanks, vegetables, clothes, woods (樹林), regards, glasses, works (著作), surroundings(環(huán)境).動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法等。形容詞和副詞的比較等級及其相關(guān)句式等。6. 構(gòu)詞法知識：單詞拼寫涉及的構(gòu)詞法知識主要是通過加后綴派生新詞。例如：名詞形容詞：beautybeautiful, traditiontraditional,

34、southsouthern 等。形容詞副詞：carefulcarefully, totaltotally, simplesimply, finalfinally，attentiveattentively, naturalnaturally等。動(dòng)詞名詞：decidedecision, agreeagreement, believebelief等。7. 考過的單詞還要重視，切不可認(rèn)為考過就不考了，事實(shí)恰恰相反。請看下表：所考單詞考查年份translated1998, 2008swimming1998, 2008average1999, 2006separated1998, 2005slightly

35、2000, 2006message(s)2000, 2007recognize/recognise1999, 2008naturally1998, 2005favourite2007, 2010注：有些詞也是分省試卷命題關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)。如：陜西卷2007考到recognised/recognized；陜西卷2008也考到neighbour；陜西卷2008考到curious，這個(gè)詞全國卷1996年考過。最有趣的是：2007年考favourite一詞時(shí)的句子是：what is your_ (最喜歡的) color?而2010年考該詞時(shí)的句子則是：my _ (最喜歡的) colour is green.

36、此外，不規(guī)則的序數(shù)詞也是?？键c(diǎn)。如：1998年全國卷考到了“第九”，而2008陜西卷則考到“第十二”。5. 短文改錯(cuò)由于“短文改錯(cuò)”題中錯(cuò)詞的考點(diǎn)比重最大（一般6-8題，09年為7題,10年為6題，11年為7題），所以考查的熱點(diǎn)主要集中在以下幾個(gè)方面：1)一致性問題。時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)前后一致；主謂一致；指代一致；名詞單復(fù)數(shù)一致（這種錯(cuò)誤從1996年到2011年的短文改錯(cuò)題中復(fù)現(xiàn)率為100%）平行結(jié)構(gòu)一致；行文邏輯一致。2)非謂語動(dòng)詞的混用。3)連詞和邏輯關(guān)系的錯(cuò)誤：連詞主要體現(xiàn)在對連詞詞義把握不準(zhǔn)或所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞皱e(cuò)誤等方面；邏輯關(guān)系錯(cuò)誤主要體現(xiàn)在并列關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系及是與非的誤判誤用。4) 形容詞、副詞的用法：主要體現(xiàn)在該用形容詞的地方用了副詞，該用副詞的地方卻用了形容詞，也包括它們的比較等級。5)介詞搭配。6)冠詞的用法。6.書面表達(dá) 話題會貼近學(xué)生生活實(shí)際，在內(nèi)容和風(fēng)格上都與考生的知識背景、生活環(huán)境、社會環(huán)境、認(rèn)知水平相一致，給學(xué)生以親切鮮活之感，使人人有話可寫，有感而發(fā)，因此可關(guān)注校園生活、文明禮貌、助人為樂、關(guān)注環(huán)保等焦點(diǎn)問題。文體以篇幅短小、實(shí)用性強(qiáng)的應(yīng)用文為主，尤其是日記、書信、便條、通知、電子