中考英語動詞專項訓練

1、動詞（一）動詞的時態(tài)一、 基本概念 在初中英語中，共有八個時態(tài)需要掌握。它們是:1. the simple present (一般現(xiàn)在時)2. the simple past（一般過去時）3. the simple future（一般將來時）4. the present continuous tense（現(xiàn)在進行時）5. the past continuous tense（過去進行時）6. the present perfect tense（現(xiàn)在完成時）7. the past perfect tense（過去完成時）8. the past future tense（過去將來時）二、 實例與用法

2、介紹1the simple present (一般現(xiàn)在時)一般現(xiàn)在時表示目前的狀態(tài)以及經(jīng)常習慣發(fā)生的動作。例如：1） the earth turns round the sun.(宇宙不變的真理)2） i get up at six every morning.（經(jīng)常習慣發(fā)生的動作）3） we are junior three students.（表示目前的狀態(tài)）2 . the simple past（一般過去時）一般過去時可以表示過去發(fā)生的動作或情況，在句子中往往有明確的表示過去的時間狀語。例如：1) none of the football games had been more exci

3、ting than the one he watched yesterday.(句子中有yesterday這個明確表示過去的時間狀語)2) last night i gave a lecture in the meeting hall.（last night表示過去的時間，所以我們也用一般過去時）一般過去時有時還可以表示過去習慣的動作。例如：1） when he was in the country, he liked to take a walk after supper.（句中l(wèi)iked表示他過去在農(nóng)村市常常發(fā)生的動作）2） i used to go to work by bus.（use

4、d to 表示“過去常常”）3the simple future（一般將來時）一般將來時即表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作。例如：1） we are going to enter senior high school in the near future.（in the near future是一個表示將來的時間狀語，所以用一般將來時，表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作）2） there will be more and more foreigners in china.（本句表示將來經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作，意為：在中國會有越來越多的外國人）4the present con

5、tinuous tense（現(xiàn)在進行時）現(xiàn)在進行時表示目前正在進行的動作，句子中往往有now,at present,these days等做時間狀語。例如：1) we are learning eight tenses now.（我們用一般現(xiàn)在進行時，表示目前正在進行的動作）2) listen! they are singing in the classroom.（句子中l(wèi)isten表示“聽”，說明句中的動作正在進行之中，因此我們用現(xiàn)在進行市）5the past continuous tense（過去進行時）過去進行時表示過去一個時間點或時間段中正在發(fā)生的動作。例如：1) we were ha

6、ving supper at six yesterday evening.（過去某一個時間點at six yesterday evening正在發(fā)生的動作）2) they were playing video games from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. yesterday afternoon.（過去某一個時間段from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. yesterday afternoon正在發(fā)生的動作）3) we were having an english lesson when tom came in.（當過去某一個動作were having正在進行時，另一個動作came發(fā)

7、生了）6the present perfect tense（現(xiàn)在完成時）現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響與結(jié)果，或表示過去開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。例如：1)we have learned about eight tenses so far.（so far表示“至今為止”，常用于現(xiàn)在完成時)2)we have studied english for six years.（這里的for+時間段表示從過去開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作，用現(xiàn)在完成時）3)i have never met him since last month.（這里的since+時間點表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響與

8、結(jié)果，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時）7the past perfect tense（過去完成時）過去完成時表示在過去某一個時間或動作前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或者完成的動作，而且它常常用在賓語從句中。例如：1) by the end of last month, they had learned 2000 english words.（by the end of last month表示“到上一個周末為止，所以用過去完成時）2) after the boy had finished the homework, he watched tv.（finish這個動作發(fā)生在過去某一動作watched 之前，所以用過去完成時）8t

9、he past future tense（過去將來時）過去將來時表示對于過去某一個時間而言將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，它常用在賓語從句中。例如：1)he said we would win the game the next week.（這句句子里用過去將來時是因為said和the next week的關(guān)系）練習：.fill in the blanks with the verbs in their proper forms:1. i _(finish) my homework while you _(sleep) this afternoon.2. she said she _(no do)

10、 it again.3. i _ (meet) him last week but i _(not see) him since then.4. john always _(say) that he still _(not know) how to use the present perfect tense.5. if peter _(come) tomorrow, i _(tell) him about it.6. her elder brother_(join) the army two years ago.7. they _(learn) several french songs by

11、the end of last term.8. look! we_(catch) such a big fish.9. the teacher said the earth_(turn) around the sun.10. when you _(have) a meeting, i _ (buy) some cakes in the next shop.11. she _never_(be) to the great wall before.12. we _(talk) about the development of the internet on the lecture next mon

12、day.13. they _(learn) the history of china these days.14. they_(make) model ships from 3:00 to 5:00 yesterday.15. you _(fail) in the exam if you _(not work) hard.choose the best answers:( ) 1. if it_ tomorrow, we_ on a trip to hangzhou. a. rainswont gob. rains.go c. will raingod. will rainwont go( )

13、 2. we _the important meeting on a cold morning last week. a. was hadb. was heldc. heldd. have( ) 3.it_ dark. lets go home now. a. gettingb. is gettingc. getd. is sounding( ) 4. jenny_ over the text at 8:00 yesterday evening. a. readb. readsc. was readingd. is reading( ) 5. he told me that he _to se

14、e me next week. a. is comingb. will comec. camed. would come( ) 6. please pass me another cup. tom _this one. a. brokeb. is breakingc. had brokend. has broken( ) 7. do you know when mrs green _? when she _, please tell her _ about this letter. a. is coming.will cometypeb. comes.is comingto type c. w

15、ill esto typed. comes.will come.type( ) 8. the old man _for three days when his son got back. a. has been deadb. had been dead c. diedd. had died( ) 9. while uncle li _ the clock for us, we were playing cards. a. repaired b. repairsc. was repairingd. is repairing( ) 10. great changes_ in chi

16、na in the past ten years. a. have taken placeb. will take place c. have been taken placed. took place( ) 11. there_ a football match this afternoon. a. hasb. will havec. isd. is going to be( ) 12. when i saw her smiling face, i knew she _ the good news. a. hadb. has hadc. had hadd. was having( ) 13.

17、 jane _ a new dress every month when she was in shanghai. a. buysb. is buyingc. will buyd. bought( ) 14. how do you like beijin, mr black?-oh, i _ such a beautiful city. a. dont visitb. didnt visitc. havent visitedd. hadnt visited( ) 15. the mp3 _ 500 yuan. a. was costb. costingc. costd. is costkey:

18、.1.finished,were sleeping 2. wouldnt do3. met, havent seen4. says, doesnt know5. comes, will tell 6. joined7. had learned 8. have caught 9.turns 10. were having,bought 11.has been 12. will talk13. are learning14. were making 15. will fail, dont work.1. a 2. c 3. b 4. c 5. d 6. d 7. c 8. b 9. c 10. a

19、 11. d 12. c 13. d 14. c 15. c 動詞（二）動詞的語態(tài)動詞的語態(tài)有兩種，主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，而被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。一、被動語態(tài)的用法1當我們不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰時，常用被動語態(tài)。例如：i was told you were late this morning.many science books are written in english.newspapers are delivered at 8:00 every morning.recorders are often used in our engli

20、sh class.2. 當動作的承受者是我們說話的中心時，或描繪一個過程或一個實驗時，我們常用被動語態(tài)。例如：the design of the hotel was made by a young man.the milk will be put into the coffee in a few minutes.二、被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)被動語態(tài)形式 be +過去分詞一般現(xiàn)在時 am/is/are +過去分詞一般過去時 was/were +過去分詞一般將來時 will be +過去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時 has/have+been +過去分詞現(xiàn)在進行時 am/is/are+being +過去分詞過去進行時 w

21、as/were+being +過去分詞過去完成時 had+been +過去分詞過去將來時 would+be +過去分詞情態(tài)動詞 情態(tài)動詞+be +過去分詞三、如何將主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)例句：we run that new restaurant.the new restaurant is run by us. 1 2 31. 變賓語為主語。2將謂語部分的主動形式改為被動形式。要注意：第一，時態(tài)一樣；第二，謂語的單數(shù)和復數(shù)必須和主語一致。3by+原來的主語，但如果原來的主語是人稱代詞，則要用其賓格，因為by是介詞，后須用賓格。4注意，有些動詞后接的動詞不定式作賓語補足語不接to,如：make, s

22、ee, watch等，當變成被動語態(tài)時，應該加上to.例如：i heard him sing two american songs.改為：he was heard to sing two american songs.練習：.choose the best answer:( ) 1. one or two man-made satellites _ in our country every year. a. have been sent up b. will be sent up c. is sent up d. are sent up( ) 2. our tv set _ yesterday

23、. a. is repaired b. was repaired c. had been repaired d. would be repaired( ) 3. a new building _ in our school next year. a. will be built b. is built c. is being built d. has been built( ) 4.how _ the great pyramid (金字塔)_ many years ago without modern machines. a. isbuilt b. wouldbe built c. haveb

24、een built d. wasbuilt( ) 5. mr li , you _ on the phone. a. are wanted b. were wanted c. are being wanted d. will be wanted( ) 6.this maths problem _ out by little tom. a. can be easily work b. can easily be worked c. can is easily worked d. can easily worked( ) 7.food and clothes _ by women. a is of

25、ten talk about b. are often talked c. are often talked about d. often talked about( ) 8.the baby _ when mother was out.a. well looked after b. was looked well c. is well looked after d. was well looked after( ) 9.in the past ten year, a lot of new buildings _ in our city. a. are put up b. have put u

26、p c. have been put d. have been put up( ) 10.joan said the wallet _ in no time. a. will be handed in b. would be handed in c. had been handed in d. would be handed( ) 11. some people _ streets without pay in the old days. a. were made to cleanb. made to clean c. made cleand. were made clean( ) 12. i

27、 _ five minutes to decide whether i should go or not. a. gaveb. was givingc. had givend. was given. fill in the blanks with the verbs in their proper forms:1. english _ in canada. (speak)2. this kind of car _ in japan. (make)3. our room must _ clean. (keep)4. -id like to buy that coat. -im sorry. it

28、 _. (sell) 5. a new house _ at the corner of the road.(built)6. the key _ on the table when i leave. (leave)7. doctors _ in every part of the world.(need)8. his new book_ next month.(publish)9. these papers _yet.( not write)10. why _a meeting_ to talk about it yesterday?(hold).rewrite the sentences

29、as required:1. they built a bridge between the two islands last year.(改為被動語態(tài))a bridge _ _ between the two islands last year.2. a birthday party will be given tomorrow.(改為主動語態(tài)) we _ _ a birthday party tomorrow.3. we can finish the work in two days. (改為被動語態(tài))the work_ _ _ in two days.4. john was seen t

30、o cross the street just now by someone. (改為主動語態(tài))someone _ john _ the street just now.5. people use metal for making machines. (改為被動語態(tài))metal _ _ for making machines.6. my brother often repairs his watch. (改為被動語態(tài))his watch _ _ _ by my brother.7. well put on an english play in our school. (改為被動語態(tài))an en

31、glish play _ _ _ on in our school.8. did he break the window yesterday? (改為被動語態(tài))_ the window_ _ _ yesterday?9. we cant wash the coat in water. (改為被動語態(tài))the coat_ _ _in water.10. i wont throw it away again. (改為被動語態(tài))it _ _ _ away again.11. more and more farmers buy colour tv sets. (改為被動語態(tài))colour tv set

32、s _ _ _ more and more farmers.12. the thief has already stolen the purse from the woman on the bus. (改為被動語態(tài))the purse _ already_ _ from the woman on the bus.13. the highrise had been rebuilt by last year. (改為主動語態(tài))the workers _ _ the highrise by last year.14. you neednt do it now. (改為被動語態(tài))it _ _ _ by

33、 you now.15. lucy sent me a new year card last week. (改為被動語態(tài))a new year card _ _ _ me by lucy last weekkey:.d.b.d.a.d.b.d.c.d.d.a.d.1.is spoken 2. is made 3.be kept 4. has been sold 5.is being built 6. will be left 7.are needed 8. will be published 9.havent been written 10. was held. 1. was built 2.

34、 will give 3. can be finished4. saw.cross 5. is used 6. is often repaired 7. will be put 8. wasbroken by him 9. cant be washed 10.wont be thrown 11. are bought by 12. hasbeen stolen 13. had rebuilt 14. neednt be done 15. was sent to動詞（三）動詞不定式動詞不定式是一種活躍的非謂語動詞。它在句中起的是名詞。形容詞或副詞的作用,可在句子中作主語、賓語、定語、狀語和賓語補

35、足語。動詞不定式的形式是to +動詞原形,但to有時要省去。動詞不定式在具體運用時,用不用to,取決于謂語動詞的用法:一.帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)1.我們學過的能直接跟帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞主要有:want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like ,love, stop, go, come等。2.動詞不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即not to do sth.。例如:jim told me not to wake up kate.吉姆告訴我別叫醒凱特。二不帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)以下幾種情況使用不帶to的動詞不

36、定式:1.在固定詞組had better之后。注意:had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。例如:you had better go home now.你最好現(xiàn)在回家。its cold outside. youd better not go out.外面很冷,你最好不要出去。2.在let,make,see, feel, watch,hear等感官或使役動詞后,要跟不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語。例如:i made them give me the money back.我迫使他們把錢還給我。i didnt see you come in.我沒看見你進來。

37、3.在引導疑問句的why not之后。why not+不帶to的不定式是why dont you do的省略,可以用來提出建議或勸告。例如:why not go with us。為什么不和我們一起去呢。why not take a holiday。=why dont you take a holiday。為什么不休個假呢。三動詞不定式作主語不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時,采用it作形式主語,而把不定式結(jié)構(gòu)后置的形式。例如：it took us twenty minutes to get there.it is our duty to clean the room every day.四動詞不定式作定語不定

38、式作定語,要放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞的后面。例如:i have nothing to say on this question.對這個問題我無可奉告。五動詞不定式作賓語有的及物動詞要求跟復合賓語(即賓語+賓語補足語)。如果其中的賓語是不定式短語,則必須將形式賓語it放在賓語的位置上,而將不定式短語(真正的賓語)放在賓語補足語之前。例如:i find it useful to learn english well.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學好英語很有用。we thought it wrong not to tell her.我們認為不告訴她是錯誤的。六動詞不定式作賓語補足語動詞不定式作賓語補足語是動詞不定式用法的

39、一個重點,學習時要注意以下三種情況:1.作動詞ask, like, tell等的賓語補足語時,動詞不定式符號to不可以省略。例如:he asked me to talk about english study.他請我談談英語學習。2.作使役動詞let, have, make以及感官動詞feel, hear, see, watch等的賓語補足語時,動詞不定式符號to要省略。例如:the teacher made him say the word like this.老師讓他像這樣說這個單詞。3.作動詞help的賓語補足語時,動詞不定式符號to可以帶,也可以不帶。例如:could you help

40、 me (to) carry the heavy box。你能幫我搬這個重箱子嗎。七動詞不定式作狀語動詞不定式及其短語具有副詞的特性,可在句中用作狀語。1.放在句首也可以放在句尾表示目的等。例如: he stopped to have a rest.他停下來休息。2.跟在作表語的形容詞或過去分詞的后面。例如:im sorry to hear that.聽到這事我感到很難過。3.用在too. to.結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如:he is too young to understand all that.他太年輕了,不能理解這件事。八. 動詞不定式作表語 例如：his job is to organize th

41、e class meeting.練習:.choose the best answer:( ) 1. dont let the boy_ the street by himself. he is too young. a. crossb. to crossc. crossingd. across( ) 2. sues father told her _ waste food. a. not tob. dont c. to not d. not( ) 3. youd better _ late because youll have a rest. a. sleepb. to sleepc. not

42、 to sleepd. not sleep( ) 4.i often hear the sound of children _english in the room. a. read b. to read c. reading d. are reading( ) 5. he asked me _him with his english this evening. a. helpedb. to helpc. helpingd. help( ) 6. their housework is _ the streets. a. cleanb. cleanedc. cleansd. to clean(

43、) 7. did he enjoy _in china? a. workedb. worksc.workingd. work( ) 8. please keep everything _. a. tidyingb. to tidyc. tidyd. tidies( ) 9. i watched tv, so i forgot_my homework. a. doingb. doc. to dod. did( )10.they saw a boy _into the river while they were passing it yesterday. a. to fallb. fallc. f

44、elld. falls( ) 11.you had better _the bad food. a. to eatb. eatc. not eatd. not to eat( ) 12.our teacher didnt stop_until eleven oclock last night. a. to workb. workc. workingd. works( ) 13.it takes us half an hour_english every day. a. readb. to readc. readingd. reads( ) 14. when is it safe _the ro

45、ad? a. crossingb. crossc. to crossd. crossed( ) 15.noise makes us _very bad. a. feltb. fellc. feelingd. feel( ) 16.what would you like _for supper？ a. havingb. havec. hasd. to have( ) 17. jim came _me with my lessons. a. helpb. to helpc. helpsd. helping( ) 18. give me some water _. a. drinkingb. drinksc. to drinkd. is drinking( ) 19. he was kind enough _me. a. excusingb. excusec. excusedd .to excuse( ) 20.our work today is _ the whole exercises on t