電力專業(yè)英語

1、華北電力大學(xué)電力工程系 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-2 Power System Introduction voltage current active power reactive power status of circuit breakers Status of protective relays 電力系統(tǒng)調(diào)度電力系統(tǒng)調(diào)度 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-3 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-4 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-5 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-6 2021-7-12H

2、UI REN NCEPU 45-7 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-8 Basics DC/AC 直流/交流 Voltage 電壓 Voltage level 電壓等級(jí) 110v, 220v, 380v, 3kV, 6kV, 10kV, 20kV, 35kV 110kV, 220kV, 330kV, 500kV, 750kV, 1100kV Phase voltage 相電壓, line voltage 線電壓 Active power（real power）有功功率 Reactive power 無功功率 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-9 Basic

3、s Y0 Y0 Y0 Y Y0 Y Y0 Y Y0 Y Y0 Y0 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-10 Basics Generator Power Transformer Circuit breaker Protective Relay Dispatching system 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-11 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-12 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-13 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-14 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-15 2021-

4、7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-16 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-17 Power Dispatching Dispatching regulation on power system: issued in 1993 by State Council. Unified dispatching and hierarchical management: five levels. Branch-grid level Regional level County level National level Provincial level 國調(diào) 網(wǎng)調(diào) 省調(diào) 地調(diào) 縣調(diào) 2

5、021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-18 National wide grid dispatching Operation management of related large-scaled plants 500(330)Kv transmission lines Large-scaled plants Coordinate economic operation of various branch grids Medium and small scale plants Distribution center 220 Kv transmission lines 500 Kv su

6、bstation High voltage customers 220 Kv key substation 220 Kv substation 110Kv, 35 Kv substation 110Kv transmission lines and below Inter-regional connection above 500 Kv Branch-grid level regional level County level National level Provincial level 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-19 Power dispatching autom

7、ation system(調(diào)度自 動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)). The task is providing to operators(調(diào)度員) all various kinds of real time information of power system, making management and dispatching decision to ensure safety and economical operation of power system. Sometimes it is also called EMS (Energy Management System)(能量管理 系統(tǒng)) 2021-7

8、-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-20 EMS includes the following power advanced software: Load Forecasting(負(fù)荷預(yù)測(cè)), Automated Generation Control(自動(dòng)發(fā)電控制), State Estimation(狀態(tài)估計(jì)), Transient Stability Analysis(暫態(tài)穩(wěn)定分析), Optimal Power Flow(最優(yōu)潮流), Dispatcher Training Simulator(調(diào)度員培訓(xùn)仿真系統(tǒng)) The basics of these advanced softw

9、are is SCADA system. 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-21 The generator voltages are in the range of 11 to 30kV; higher generator voltages are difficult to obtain because of insulation problems in the narrow confines of the generator stator. 發(fā)電機(jī)機(jī)端電壓范圍在11kV至30kV之間。機(jī)端電 壓難以達(dá)到更高的原因是由于發(fā)電機(jī)定子的絕緣 問題。 2021-7-12HUI R

10、EN NCEPU 45-22 Transformers are then used to step up the voltages to the range of 110 to 765kV. 由升壓變壓器將電壓升至110kV至765kV。 In California the backbone of the transmission system is composed mainly of 500kV, 345kV, and 230kV three-phase lines. The voltages refer to voltages from line to line. 加州的主干輸電網(wǎng)由50

11、0kV、345kV和230kV的三 相線路組成。上述電壓指的是線電壓。 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-23 One reason for using high transmission-line voltages is to improve energy transmission efficiency. Basically, transmission of a given amount of power (at specified power factor) requires a fixed product of voltage and line current. Low

12、er line currents are associated with lower resistive losses(I2R) in the line. 采用高輸電線電壓的原因之一是提高能量傳輸效 率。基本上，當(dāng)傳輸一定的功率時(shí)（在給定功率 因數(shù)下），電壓和線路電流的乘積一定。降低電 流相當(dāng)于降低線路上的電阻性損耗。 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-24 The primary objective of the interconnection is improved service reliability; a loss of generation in one area

13、 can be made up by utilizing spare capacity in another area. 電網(wǎng)互聯(lián)的主要目的是提高供電可靠性；一個(gè)區(qū) 域損失的發(fā)電量可以由另外一個(gè)區(qū)域的剩余容量 供給。 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-25 Decision: Build or Upgrade City Substation 城市變電站面臨抉擇：新建還是擴(kuò)建 Because many cities have experienced rapid growth, their substations have often reached the limits of

14、their capacity. As a result, downtown distribution systems are often overworked and many need a major upgrade, overhaul, or expansion. However, space is scarce. 由于城市不斷發(fā)展，許多城市變電站已經(jīng)達(dá)到其 負(fù)荷極限，許多配電站急需升級(jí)、檢修或擴(kuò)建， 問題是空間不足。 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-26 BC Hydro built Cathedral Square, a major 230/12 kV underg

15、round gas-insulated substation located 62 ft underground, in 1984. BC水電公司于1984年建造了這個(gè)位于地下62ft （英尺）的230/12kV氣體絕緣地下變電站。 It has three levels underground and an urban park above. It originally had a dozen 12kV feeders, but has since undergone several upgrades, including the addition of 24 feeders for a c

16、urrent total of 36. 變電站建在地面以下，分為三層，地面上則是個(gè) 公園，最初有12條12kV饋電線路，經(jīng)過幾次擴(kuò)建 增加了24條，目前共有36條饋電線路。 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-27 Using some devices such as magnetic temperature indicators that measure differential temperature between load tap-changer (LTC) oil tanks and main transformer oil tanks, the utility ha

17、s moved from an annual LTC breaker maintenance schedule to an as-needed schedule. 由于使用了一些電磁溫度指示器之類的裝置來測(cè) 量有載調(diào)壓分接頭油箱和主變壓器郵箱之間的溫 差，這家電力公司不必像以前那樣，每年都要進(jìn) 行LTC開關(guān)維修，而是根據(jù)需要隨時(shí)進(jìn)行維修。 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-28 On-line monitoring information is collected by the utility supervisory control and data acquisition

18、(SCADA) system, and is then sent to the diagnostics program where the data are analyzed according to present parameters supplied by DP here the only requirement is relative motion, and since a stationary armature and a rotating field system have numerous advantages, this arrangement is standard prac

19、tice for all synchronous machines rated above a few kilovolt-amperes. 交流發(fā)電機(jī)不受任何限制，惟一的要求是相對(duì)移動(dòng)，而且由于 固定電樞及旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場系統(tǒng)具有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，這種安排是所有額定 容量超過幾千伏安的同步發(fā)電機(jī)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做法。 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-40 順譯法例句（順譯法例句（2 2） For large motors, therefore, a phase-winding rotor is used, with the winding connected at one end to each o

20、ther and at the other end to slip-rings, thus enabling the resistance of the rotor to be varied at will, providing a greater starting torque and some speed control. 因此，對(duì)于大型電機(jī)來說，一般采用相繞組轉(zhuǎn)子，其繞線的一 端互相連接，而另一端接于軸的滑環(huán)上，這樣，可隨意改變轉(zhuǎn) 子的電阻，從而可提供更大的起動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩，并可適當(dāng)控制速度。 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-41 倒譯法倒譯法 當(dāng)原文結(jié)構(gòu)層次與漢語相反時(shí)，要

21、從英語原文的后面譯起， 自下而上，逆著原文的順序翻譯，稱為倒譯法。例如： The resistance of any length of a conducting wire is easily measured by finding the potential difference in volts between its ends when a known current is flowing . 已知導(dǎo)線中的電流，只要求出導(dǎo)線兩端電位差的伏特?cái)?shù)，就 不難測(cè)出任何長度的導(dǎo)線的電阻。 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-42 倒譯法倒譯法 Various machine par

22、ts can be washed very clean and will be as clean as new ones when they are treated by ultrasonics, no matter how dirty and irregularly shaped they may be. 各種機(jī)器零件無論多么臟，形狀多么不規(guī)則，當(dāng)它們用超 聲波處理后，就可以被洗得非常干凈，甚至干凈得像新的 零件一樣。 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-43 分譯法分譯法 為了漢語表述的方便，可將原文的長句拆開來分別譯出。 當(dāng)長句中的主句與從句或介詞短語及分詞短語等多修飾的 詞與詞之間的關(guān)系不是很密切，并且各自具有相對(duì)的獨(dú)立 意義時(shí)，可分解成幾個(gè)部分或意思層，然后再按時(shí)間順序、 邏輯順序有機(jī)的組合在一起，還可以增減適當(dāng)?shù)脑~語以便 斷句之間的銜接。例如，可添加或利用原文中的總括性詞 語作為引語，而后分述各個(gè)部分；或先將某一短語和從句 分出去單獨(dú)譯出，在利用總括性詞語把它和主句聯(lián)系