城市軌道交通專業(yè)英語 課程教案(第6周3—4節(jié))

1、城市軌道交通專業(yè)英語 課程教案(第6周34節(jié)) 城市軌道交通專業(yè)英語 課程教案（第6周34節(jié)）授課題目Unit 2 Knowledge of TrafficLesson 5 Rail Transit （下）授課類型講授型教學(xué)目標(biāo)Master the related knowledge of Rail Transit重 點(diǎn)2.Heavy Rail Transit （下）3.Commuter Railroads難 點(diǎn)Thus ,overall door-to-door travel times for urban trips up to perhaps 10mile ( 16km) may be

2、in the same range as those provided on fully grade-separated urban rapid transit facilities.Up to 一直到，等于；same as 與什么一樣本句中those 代指前句中的travel times。 provided on fully grade-separated urban rapid transitfacilities 修飾those，說明誰花費(fèi)的時(shí)間。教學(xué)過程 結(jié)合同學(xué)們對城市軌道運(yùn)輸?shù)恼J(rèn)知程度，根據(jù)教材詳細(xì)講述重軌運(yùn)輸（下半部分內(nèi)容）和市郊運(yùn)輸?shù)认嚓P(guān)知識以及文中生詞、短語、及語法結(jié)構(gòu)作 業(yè)1

3、.New Words and Expressions2. Notes on the text主要教學(xué)內(nèi)容2. Heavy Rail Transit 重軌運(yùn)輸（下）Therefore , it is generally feasible only in outlying areas where land or in freeway medians where the cost of land and grade separations can be shared with highway project.因此這種形式通常只在地價(jià)便宜的外圍地區(qū)才是可行的，或在高速公路的中央分隔帶上修建，因?yàn)檫@時(shí)土

4、地和立交的成本可以分?jǐn)傆诠饭こ添?xiàng)目。 Elevated construction costs are perhaps twice as much as for facilities at grade, but the land below can be used for a street, for parking or industrial uses, or even for linear parks; 高架結(jié)構(gòu)的造價(jià)大約是地面工程的兩倍，但高架結(jié)構(gòu)的下部空間可以用作街道、停車或工業(yè)用地甚至可以作為帶狀公園。HART in Albany and El Cerrito, CA, is an e

5、xample of the latter.舊金山海灣地區(qū)的快速運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)使是后者的一個(gè)例子。 In densely built up areas ,including CBDs, the adverse impacts of noise and reduction of daylight militate against elevated construction.在建筑密度大的地區(qū)，包括中心商業(yè)區(qū)在內(nèi)，噪聲以及日照減少的不利因素會對高架結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生不利影響。 A doubling, or even tripling, of costs occurs if underground alignment

6、s are considered.如果考慮用地下方案，造價(jià)將會是兩倍或三倍。However, land costs are minimized by the use of street rights-of-way easements under private property instead of outright purchase, and development of air rights over those parcels which must be acquired.但是，由于采用街道通行權(quán)、不直接購 買上地而是利用私人上地的通行權(quán)以及開發(fā)那蚱必須獲得的小地區(qū)的領(lǐng)空權(quán)等辦法，土地造

7、價(jià)會降到最低。 Environmental deterioration is minimized, although it must be recognized that underground travel is as attractive to passengers as moving in daylight.雖然必須承認(rèn)地下乘車出行對乘客來說并不像地上乘車出行那樣具有吸引力，但地下乘車出行將會使環(huán)境的惡化程度降低。Art determines the need for crossovers and storage tracks.運(yùn)營分析將決定是否有必要修建天橋和備用軌道。The form

8、er are needed primarily for track maintenance purposes, while the latter provide for turning trains back short the endof the line,or for storing disabled vehicles.其中前者主要是供檢修軌道使用，后者則供車輛在路線終點(diǎn)倒車或停放不能行駛的車輛用.3. Commuter Railroads 市郊運(yùn)輸In some large metropolitan arras, such as New York, London,Paris, and T

9、okyo. a large burden of urban transportation is borne by intercity railroads.在一蚱國際大都市 ， 如紐約、 倫敦、 巴黎和東京 ， 城市交通的大部分是由城市間的軌道運(yùn)輸來承擔(dān)的。 Many of the lines involved were located for intercity travel and , in generating urban land uses along their corridors, found themselves serving increasing numbers of loca

10、l trips. 許多為城市間通行而設(shè)置的軌道路線 ， 在其沿線的土地上興起了新的城市 ，致使利用軌道運(yùn)輸去當(dāng)?shù)芈眯械臄?shù)量也日益增加。Up to about 1920 some railroads added in the suburbs where they found sufficient demand. 到大約四20年為止 ， 山于大量的交通需求 ， 市郊的一 鐵路線路持續(xù)增加。However, since that time many railroads have been abandoned because Of the high costs d railroad operation

11、 and reluctance by management to allow long-distance passengers and freight customers to subsidize urban transportation. 然而 ， 從那時(shí)開始 ， 由于鐵路運(yùn)營費(fèi)用過高以及不愿通過管理手段向長途乘客和貨主征收城市交通補(bǔ)貼 ， 許多線路已經(jīng)被廢棄。Originally ,railroads were usually laid out at grade with level highway crossings.起初 ， 鐵路通常鋪設(shè)在地面上 ， 與公路平面交叉。In some c

12、ities,such crossing were eliminated later by changing grade of the railroad, therefore providing it with a fully exclusive right-of-way .后來 ， 通過調(diào)整軌道的坡度 ， 這種形式的交叉在一些城市被取消。因此， 軌道運(yùn)輸就具有了專用通行權(quán)。Passenger operation was, however, still sharing this facility With freight movements.但是 ， 客運(yùn)仍然與貨運(yùn)共同使用此種運(yùn)輸設(shè)施A maj

13、or problem of urban railroad services is the location of the terminals.確定終點(diǎn)站的位置是城市軌道的一個(gè)主要問題。 There is almost always only one downtown access point per corridor, and this is often located at the edge of or outside the CBD. 每條交通走廊通常只有一個(gè)進(jìn)人中心區(qū)的站點(diǎn) ， 它一般設(shè)置在中心商業(yè)區(qū)的邊緣或以外地區(qū)。Typically, it is a stub terminal wi

14、th inherent limitations to the number of train movements that can be handled per hour. 通常情況下 ， 這類站點(diǎn)一般都是次終點(diǎn)站 ， 它們對每小時(shí)能通過的車輛數(shù)有固定的限制。In some cities with extensive electrified suburban lines ,such as Brussels, Munich, Hamburg, and most recently Philadelphia, these drawbacks have been overcome by connect

15、ing terminals located on opposite sides of the CBD with underground tracks and one or more intermediate stations for direct access to the city center. 為了可以直接進(jìn)人市中心區(qū) ， 一些郊區(qū)電氣化線路遍布的城市 ， 如布魯塞爾、 慕尼黑、 漢堡以及最近的是費(fèi)城 ， 已經(jīng)將位于中心商業(yè)區(qū)四周的終點(diǎn)用地下軌道以及一個(gè)或幾個(gè)中間站點(diǎn)連接起來以便直接進(jìn)人市中心 ， 從而克服了上述缺點(diǎn)。 Capacity is increased because trains no longer need to be reversed at crowded terminals. 由于車輛不需要在擁擠的終點(diǎn)站調(diào)頭 ， 使通行能力得到了提高。In Paris, suburban rail lines were diverted before reaching their old terminals into a new network of lines across the inner city. 在巴黎 ， 郊區(qū)的鐵路線在到達(dá)舊的終點(diǎn)站之前 ， 轉(zhuǎn)向進(jìn)人經(jīng)過城市內(nèi)部的新的鐵路線網(wǎng)。The re