dizjh黃海（Yellow Sea）

1、黃海（Yellow Sea）黃海（黃海，漢語(yǔ)拼音黃海，朝鮮語(yǔ)作？），在朝鮮半島被稱(chēng)為”西?！蔽魈窖蟮剡吘壓?，全部為大陸架所占地淺海，它位于中國(guó)與朝鮮半島之間，北面和西面瀕臨中國(guó)，東鄰朝鮮半島。中國(guó)的主要河流，如淮河、碧流河、鴨綠江及朝鮮半島的漢江、大同江、清川江等注入黃海，因河水?dāng)y帶泥沙過(guò)多，使近海水呈黃色而得名。在黃海南部，東起韓國(guó)濟(jì)州島，西至中國(guó)長(zhǎng)江口一線是黃海和東海的分界線。在黃海北部，中國(guó)威海與大連連線為黃海與中國(guó)渤海的分界線。主要海灣有西朝鮮灣和中國(guó)的海洲灣、膠洲灣。并由濟(jì)州海峽經(jīng)朝鮮海峽、對(duì)馬海峽與日本海相通，經(jīng)渤海海峽與渤海相通。黃海東部和西部岸線曲折、島嶼眾多。山東半島為港灣

2、式沙質(zhì)海岸，江蘇北部沿岸則為粉砂淤泥質(zhì)海岸。主要島嶼有長(zhǎng)山列島以及朝鮮半島西岸的一些島。中國(guó)山東半島深入黃海之中，其頂端成山角與朝鮮半島長(zhǎng)山串之間的連線，將黃海分為南、北兩部分。北黃海是指山東半島，遼東半島和朝鮮半島之間的半封閉海域，海域面積約為8多萬(wàn)平方千米，平均水深40米，最大水深在白翎島西南側(cè)，為86米。長(zhǎng)江口至濟(jì)州島連線以北的橢圓形半封閉海域，稱(chēng)南黃海，總面積為30多萬(wàn)平方千米，南黃海的平均水深為45.3米，最大水深在濟(jì)州島北側(cè)，為140米黃海面積約38萬(wàn)平方公。里，平均深度44米。黃海的水溫年變化小于渤海，為1524，黃海海水的鹽度也比較低，為32。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，該地區(qū)的氣候特點(diǎn)為冬季寒

3、冷干燥，夏季溫暖濕潤(rùn)。黃海漁場(chǎng)名聞遐邇。中國(guó)、朝鮮、韓國(guó)及日本的拖網(wǎng)漁船均來(lái)此開(kāi)發(fā)豐富的水底魚(yú)類(lèi)資源。黃海上的中國(guó)重要港口城市有大連、青島、煙臺(tái)、連云港、南通、鹽城等。還有韓國(guó)的仁川及朝鮮的南浦。北黃海（指海州灣以北）中央略偏東處，有一狹長(zhǎng)的水下洼地（亦稱(chēng)黃海槽），自濟(jì)州島伸向渤海海峽，深度自南向北逐漸變淺。洼地東面地勢(shì)較陡，西面較平緩。北部從鴨綠江口到大同江口之間的海底，分布著大片呈東北走向的潮流脊，構(gòu)成黃海北部海底地貌的一個(gè)重要特色。這是由于此處潮差大、潮流急，致使海底沙灘在潮流沖刷下形成與潮流平行的”潮流脊”。在北緯38以南的黃海兩側(cè)，還分布有寬廣的水下階地。西側(cè)比較完整，東側(cè)受到切割，

4、分布的深度不一致。黃海南部的海底發(fā)育著大型潮流脊群。它們是在古黃河-古長(zhǎng)江復(fù)合三角洲的基礎(chǔ)上，經(jīng)潮流的長(zhǎng)期沖刷塑造而成的。蘇北沿岸潮流脊群南北長(zhǎng)約200公里，東西寬約90公里，由70多個(gè)大小沙體組成，Taking Jiang Gang as the top outward radial distribution. South of a series of small rocks, such as Su Yanjiao, duck, tiger reef and other reefs.Edit this paragraph of GeologyThe surface sediments are

5、 terrigenous clastic sediments, and residual sediments are found locally. From coast to coast, sediments are banded from coarse to fine. The coastal area is dominated by fine sandThere are gravel and other coarse clastic material. The eastern seafloor sediments are mainly from the Korean Peninsula,

6、and the early inputs from the western part of the Yellow River and the Yangtze river. The central deep water area is mainly fine-grained sediments dominated by mud, mainly inputs from the Yellow River. Between the coarse and fine sediments, there are silty deposits with different widths. The basemen

7、t of the Yellow Sea is composed of Precambrian metamorphic rocks. The North China belongs to the Sino Korean pseudo platform of the Jiao Liao uplift belt, in the third period, basically in a uplift background. The Southern Yellow Sea underwent large-scale faulting during the Cenozoic and underwent m

8、assive deposition. The main tectonic strike in the sea area is NNE, consisting of roughly parallel uplift belts and depressions (basins). Jiao Liao uplift belt and South Yellow Sea Northern Jiangsu depression belt constitute the submarine tectonic framework of the Yellow Sea, and its southeastern ma

9、rgin extends into the East China Sea by the Zhejiang Fujian uplift belt. These uplift and depression zones are the basis and boundary conditions for the development of the the Yellow Sea shelf. Recent geological time, the Yellow River, the Yangtze River caused extensive sediment filled tectonic depr

10、ession, underwater valleys, tectonic uplift and underwater Qiuling, thus forming a broad, flat continental shelf now. Since the Quaternary, the alternation of glacial and interglacial periods and the frequent rise and fall of sea surface have made the continental shelf become terrestrial many times

11、and have been subjected to transgression many times. The last transgression began between 2 and 15 thousand years ago. About 6000 years ago, the surface of the sea rose to its current position.Edit this section of the climateAffected by the monsoon, the Yellow Sea is cold and dry in winter and warm

12、and humid in summer. October to March the following year, the prevailing northerly winds, northern mostly northwest wind, the average wind speed is 67 meters / sec; the southern North Wind, the average wind speed is 89 meters / sec. Often cold air or cold wave invasion, strong cold air can make the

13、Yellow Sea coast temperature drop 1015 degrees. April is the monsoon alternate season, and the wind direction is unstable. In May, the southerly monsoon began to appear. From 6 to August, the prevalence of South to Southeast winds, the average wind speed of 5 6 m / s. Often from the North East China

14、 Sea typhoon, the main typhoon with the wind generated. Yellow Sea area 6 (10.8 13.8 M / s) over the wind, four seasons are there, but the strength in winter and spring for many times. Strong wind in the waters near the Bohai Strait to the Shandong Peninsula in a mountain top corner area, Qianliyan

15、and Jeju Island. The average temperature in the Yellow Sea was the lowest in January, -2 to 6 degrees centigrade, and the temperature difference between North and South was 8. The highest temperature in August was 2527 degrees centigrade in the whole sea area. The average annual rainfall is about 10

16、00 millimeters in the south, 500 millimeters in the north, and the rainy season in the 68 month, accounting for half of the annual rainfall. In winter, spring and summer, sea fog over the coast, especially in July the most. Western the Yellow Sea Chengshan Jiao to wheat Island, North Island to Dalia

17、n, east from the Yalu River, Jiang Hua Bay near Jeju Island coastal waters for the foggy area. The mountain fog horn on average 83 days, up to a year of 96 days, the longest continuous fog days are up to 27 days of recording, the fog cave.Edit this paragraph of hydrologyCirculation as a whole,The cu

18、rrent in the Yellow Sea is weak and the flow rate is usually only about 1/10 of the maximum tidal current. The surface flow is controlled by wind and has the characteristics of wind current. In the prevailing northerly wind season, the more southerly flow; in the prevailing southerly wind season, mo

19、re northerly flow. Circulation in the Yellow Sea by the the Yellow Sea warm current (and mountains) and the Yellow Sea coastal current. (see Figure 3 in the East China Sea). The Yellow Sea is the warm Tsushima current in a branch of Jeju Island southwest into the Yellow Sea (known as the West Branch

20、 of the Tsushima warm current), it flows generally northward along the Yellow Sea trough, the average velocity of about 10 cm / sec (in the source is not more than 25 cm / SEC). It is a major source of Yellow Sea water, characterized by high salinity (both high temperature in winter), but gradually

21、denatured on the way northward. When it has become the mountains into northern the Yellow Sea, and then turn west, the LaoTieShan into Bohai, the influence has been very weak. The Yellow Sea coastal current is the Yellow Sea coastal current system (including the west coast of South Korean coastal cu

22、rrent, Liaoning flow, Subei Coastal local coastal current and so on) one, is a low salt (winter and low temperature water), water turbidity, flow rate of less than 25 cm / sec. It is connected with the Bohai coastal current along the north shore of the Shandong Peninsula, East, South or southwest to

23、 flow in a mountain near the corner, bypassing the Chengshan Jiao 40 50 meters after roughly along the isobath to the south, in the North (near latitude 32 degrees to 33 degrees) to the southeast, across the Yangtze River into the East China sea shoal, sometimes up to the front near 30 degrees north

24、 latitude. Along the northern coast of the Shandong Peninsula, the coastal current range is wider, and the widest in summer is more than 50 kilometers. In a mountain corner area, flow velocity, across the narrows, Chengshan Jiao velocity variation, and the south from the Gulf of Haizhou, and to the

25、increasing velocity, near 34 degrees north latitude, to 25 cm / sec. The Yellow Sea District in the vicinity of the maximum flow rate along the northern coast of the Shandong Peninsula, Chengshan Jiao and large sand fishing grounds. The basic flow direction of the Yellow Sea warm current and the Yel

26、low Sea coastal current is relatively stable all the year round, and the flow rate all has summer, weak and winter strong changes. Mountains north of the Yellow Sea warm current, which flows southward along the Yellow Sea, the formation of cyclonic flow. In summer, especially in northern the Yellow

27、Sea, the cyclonic flow tends to be closed due to the occurrence of the density circulation of the cold water mass in the Yellow Sea. At the same time, the flow velocity of the the Yellow Sea gyre has also been strengthened. Water masses in coastal water mass, the Yellow Sea central water and the hig

28、h saline group is the most basic 3 types of water masses in the Yellow Sea. The Yellow Sea coastal water refers to the the Yellow Sea coast about 20 30 m isobath within the waters of rivers into the sea water and sea water mixing, the formation of coastal water in southern Liaoning, Shandong coastal

29、 water, coastal water and the west coast of the North water. A common feature of these coastal water is low salinity throughout the year (mostly less than 32 per thousand), turbid water, transparency, seasonal variation of temperature and salinity, water level range of summer and winter, but the thi

30、ckness is shallow and deep winter summer. The Yellow Sea central water distribution in the Yellow Sea central water depression area, the South can enter the East China sea. It is made into the outer continental shelf in shallow water and coastal water mixture, mixed water mass formed in the local hy

31、drological and meteorological conditions of the. Winter (November to March), water in a vertical uniform state, temperature is about 3 10 DEG C, salinity is about 32 34 per thousand. Xia Bannian (410), because of increasing temperature and reducing salinity,The Yellow Sea central water was divided i

32、nto two layers. The upper layer is high temperature (2528 DEG C), low salt (31 32 per thousand) water, thickness of about 1535 meters; the lower temperature (612 DEG C), high salt (31.6 33 per thousand) water, known as the Yellow Sea cold water layer (traditionally known as the the Yellow Sea water

33、group). A distinct thermocline appears between the two. The Yellow Sea cold water mass is a water body with large temperature difference and small salt difference, while its main characteristic is low temperature. This is actually a cold winter in the Yellow Sea central water left in the seabed in t

34、he depression. During the warming season, it shows cold water relative to the strong upper water and the surrounding coastal water. From December to March, the formation period of temperature and salinity of cold water group was changed; 46 months were the growth period of cold water mass; 78 months

35、 were strong; 911 months was the decline period of cold water mass transition to winter. The Yellow Sea cold water to a mountain corner to Changshan on line for the community, is divided into two parts of North and south, North and South Yellow Sea cold water mass in the Yellow Sea cold water mass,

36、temperature and salinity were slightly higher. Accordingly, the Yellow Sea cold water masses have two cold centers in South and north. The central position of cold water mass in northern the Yellow Sea is relatively stable. It is located in the west of central the Yellow Sea, and the water depth is

37、more than 50 meters. The range of minimum temperature is 4.6 9.3 degrees centigrade. The position of the cold center of the South Yellow Sea varies greatly, which is roughly located at 35 degrees 30, 36, 45 and 124 degrees west of latitude, and the minimum range of temperature is from 6 to 9 degrees

38、 centigrade. The region of the Yellow Sea cold water mass, especially its marginal part, forms cyclonic density circulation in summer. The circulation velocity increases gradually from the outside of the cooling center, and the maximum value is about 2030 cm / s, which appears on the outer edge of t

39、he cold water. The high salt water, also known as the Yellow Sea warm water, is located in the southeast of the Yellow Sea, the Yellow Sea is extending into the Tsushima current high saline and the Yellow Sea central water mixed form. In winter, it is characterized by high temperature and high salin

40、ity. In summer, the upper layer disappears due to stratification and upper central water expansion, and the lower layer remains in the southeastern part of the Yellow Sea, retaining the characteristics of winter. The temperature and salinity of the Yellow Sea have significant difference in temperatu

41、re and salinity, and the seasonal change and diurnal variation are obvious, and they have obvious epicontinental sea characteristics. From south to north, from the center of the sea toward the shore, the temperature and salinity are almost uniformly reduced. In the southeastern part of the sea area,

42、 the average annual surface temperature is 17 degrees centigrade, and the salinity is usually greater than 32. The average annual surface temperature of the Yalu River estuary is less than 12, and the salinity is generally less than 28 per thousand, which is the lowest salinity area in the whole sea

43、 area. In winter, with the the Yellow Sea warm current force is strengthened, high temperature and high salinity tongue down into northern the Yellow Sea, temperature and salinity level gradient is larger, the coastal region of low temperature and salinity (0 to 5 degrees Celsius temperature, salini

44、ty of 31 33 per thousand), middle (high temperature 4 to 10 DEG C, salinity of 32 34 per thousand), the highest near Jeju Island (temperature 10 to 15 DEG C, salinity 34.0%). The vertical distribution of temperature and salinity is consistent from top to bottom. In summer, the temperature of the upper water rises to the highest, and the salinity of the whole area decreases generally. The south sea surface temperature is slightly higher than that of the northern coastal region, such as the coast of Jeju Island; Mokpo, Inchon, and Northern Jiangsu Chengshan Jiao had isolated wea