醫(yī)用功能高分子材料（Medical functional polymer materials）

1、醫(yī)用功能高分子材料（Medical functional polymer materials）Medical functional polymer materialsMarch 28, 2012Abstract: in this paper, the development, research status, application value, research significance, design principle and development prospect of functional polymer materials in biomedicine are briefly d

2、escribed.Key words: functional polymer materials; biomedical; high score in materialsFunctional polymer materials are divided into two categories: one is based on the original polymer material to make it a higher performance and function of polymer materials, and the other is a new type of functiona

3、l polymer. With the continuous progress of science and technology, new functional polymer materials because of his unique features and irreplaceable characteristics play a more important role in our life, especially in medicine, instead of in the artificial organs so that we can overcome some can no

4、t cure some diseases, is of great significance for prolonging human life. Therefore, it is our important research target to study innovative functional polymer materials and to search for materials with better compatibility with human body.Biomedical functional polymerBiomedical functional polymer m

5、aterials are mainly used for medical purposes, and are used for contact with tissues to form functional inanimate materials. It is widely used to replace or restore the function of damaged or degraded tissues or organs, so as to achieve the purpose of treatment. It mainly includes medical polymer ma

6、terials (mainly for repair and substitution) and medicinal polymer materials (mainly based on pharmacological effect). Because of the bodys tissues and organs and contact, therefore, medical polymer materials must meet the basic requirements are as follows: 1 is the chemically inert, because contact

7、 with body fluids and react to human tissue; II does not cause inflammation or foreign body reaction; 3 not carcinogenic; 4 has good blood compatibility, not in material surface coagulation; long term implantation, does not reduce the mechanical strength; the cleaning and disinfection measures neces

8、sary to withstand without distortion; and easy processing into complex shapes need.Many remarkable achievements have been made in the field of medical functional polymer materials. For example, cardiovascular implants, plastic and reconstructive implants, orthopedic implants, eye systems, dental imp

9、lants, extracorporeal circulation devices, catheters, drug delivery controllers, and Department of general surgery are inseparable.Development and current status of biomedical polymer materialsThe development of biomedical polymer materials has experienced three stages, the first stage began in 1937

10、, which is characterized in that the polymer materials are readily available materials available, such as the manufacture of denture with methyl acrylate. The second stage began in 1953, its sign is appearance of medical grade silicone rubber, the subsequent development of the polyglycolic acid sutu

11、re and four kinds of poly (ether ester ammonia) cardiovascular materials, has entered a period of development in molecular engineering research. The stage is characterized by optimizing the composition, formulation and process of synthetic polymers at the molecular level, and developing the desired

12、polymer materials purposefully. The focus of the current study is from looking for alternative synthetic materials of biological tissue to study a kind of new material with active induction, stimulate human tissue and organ regeneration, which means the development of biomedical polymer materials in

13、to third stages. This material is characterized generally by the organic combination of living tissue and artificial materials. In molecular design to promote the growth of cells and tissues around the desired function, the key is to cooperate with special site base and organization of cell surface

14、function to improve the cell division and growth rate. The research history of our country is relatively short. The artificial organ was developed in 70s of last century, and some organs were used in clinic. Established in 1980 Chinese biological medical engineering institute, and in 1982 establishe

15、d the China Medical Engineering Society of artificial organs and biological materials Specialized Committee, the biomedical equipment for the further development of biomedical polymer materials. As a frontier science, integration of high molecular chemistry and physics, polymer materials, pharmacolo

16、gy, pathology, anatomy and clinical medical knowledge, but also relates to many engineering problems.The development of biomedical polymer materials is of great significance for overcoming diseases that endanger human beings, protecting peoples health and exploring the mysteries of human life.Two. K

17、inds and applications of medical polymer materialsHigh molecular material contacted with bloodPolymer materials contact with blood refers to biomedical materials used in the manufacture of artificial blood vessel, artificial heart blood capsule, artificial heart valves, artificial lung, this materia

18、l must have good anticoagulant, anti bacterial adhesion, which is on the surface of the material does not produce thrombus, without causing platelet deformation does not occur in biological materials the center for infection. It also requires elasticity and malleability similar to human blood vessel

19、s and good fatigue resistance.Polymeric materials for tissue engineeringHigh molecular material used for human organsArtificial organ, macromolecule material, artificial organ, macromolecule materialCardiac block polyurethane (SPEU) elastomer, silicone rubber, breast polysiloxaneThe kidneys regenera

20、ted cellulose, cellulose acetate, PMMA stereocomplex, polyacrylonitrile, polysulfone, ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVA), poly aspartic acid, polypropylene (blood export) nasal silicone rubber, polyethyleneValve silicone rubber, PTFE, polyurethane rubber, polyesterVascular polyester fiber, polyt

21、etrafluoroethylene, SPEUArtificial red blood cell perfluorinated hydrocarbonPHEMA artificial liver plasma celluloid, hydroxyethyl starch, polyethylene pyrrole ketone XiPancreatic hollow fiber bile duct silicone rubberLung silicone rubber, polypropylene fiber, poly sulfone, tympanic membrane, silicon

22、e rubberBone joint, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (molecular weight 3 million), high density polyethylene, poly methyl acrylic acid methyl ester (PMAA), nylon, silicone rubber throat, PTFE, silicone, polyethyleneCollodion skin, coated with silicone nylon fabric, polyester polyethylene pip

23、e, PTFE, siliconeCornea PMMA, PHEMA, silicone, peritoneum, polysiloxane, polyethylene, polyester fiberVitreous silicone oil, urethral silicone rubber, polyester fiberBiological materials in tissue engineering mainly play the following roles: (1) providing scaffolds or three-dimensional structures fo

24、r tissue regeneration; (2) regulating the physiological functions of cells; (3) immune protection. When the completion of their mission, as the organization growth framework of biopolymer materials into small molecule non-toxic degradation is absorbed by the body. Polymers used in this material are

25、polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA) and its copolymers (PLGA). For example, 100080 Shi Guixin used the solution cast porogen leaching technology for the preparation of a series of poly lactic acid and different composition of poly lactic acid - glycolic acid scaffold, tissue culture exper

26、iment showed that the cartilage cell reproduction on the bracket in good condition after a week has begun secreting extracellular matrix.polymers for pharmaceuticalsAccording to the structure and preparations of medicinal polymers, medicinal polymers can be divided into three categories: (1) polymer

27、ic drugs with pharmacological activity. They have pharmacological effects and lose their drug resistance after breaking the chain. They are high polymer drugs in the true sense. Natural pharmacological active polymers are hormones, heparin, glucose, enzymes and so on. (2) low molecular weight polyme

28、rs. Low molecular drugs in vivo The new supersedes the old. speed, short half-life in vivo, concentration decreased quickly, thus affecting the curative effect, so it needs to be a large dose of frequent drug, while chemical high concentration will increase the side effects, in addition, low molecul

29、ar drugs also lack of selective access to parts of the body. (3) medicinal polymer microcapsule. It is a revolution of Biomedical Engineering in recent years to wrap tiny particles with polymer film to form tiny capsules. The drug by microencapsulation after treatment can achieve the following objec

30、tives: delay, controlling drug release, improve the therapeutic effect; masking drug toxicity, irritation and bitterness and other bad properties, reduce the stimulation of the human body; separate drug with air to prevent oxidation during storage, drug absorption surge and other adverse reactions,

31、increased storage stability. The polymers used are natural polymers,Such as bone glue, gelatin, sodium alginate, agar, etc.; semi synthetic polymers have cellulose derivatives; synthetic polymers have polylactic acid, polylactic acid and lactic acid and amino acid copolymer.Polymeric materials for p

32、harmaceutical packagingPolymeric materials used in drug packaging are increasing year by year. Polymeric materials for packaging drugs can be broadly divided into two types: soft and hard. Hard materials such as polyester, polystyrene, polycarbonate and so on, because of its high strength, good tran

33、sparency, dimensional stability, good air tightness, commonly used to replace glass and metal containers, manufacturing pieces and capsule solid preparations such as packaging. In addition to its excellent mechanical and barrier properties, the new polyester poly naphthalene two formic acid glycol e

34、ster has excellent UV resistance linearity and can be used in hot packaging such as oral solution and syrup. Soft materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene chloride and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer are often processed into composite films, which are mainly used for packaging

35、solid granules, tablets and other drugs. Semi rigid PVC sheets are used as blister materials for tablets and capsules. As for the ointment, lotion, tinctures and other external medicine packaging, with strong corrosion resistance and excellent comprehensive properties of PTFE as.Medical adhesives an

36、d suturesBio Medical Adhesive refers to the tissue adhesive organization together, they should not only have the common soft tissue implants due to the conditions, should also meet the following requirements: the curing can withstand the in vivo conditions, the tissue adhesive; the rapid polymerization and not too toxic byproducts in the amount of heat generated; 3 in the wound healing when adhesive can be absorbed without interfering with the normal healing process. M