化工工藝講稿（Lecture notes on Chemical Engineering ）.doc

1、化工工藝講稿1（Lecture notes on Chemical Engineering 1）Ppt documents may experience poor browsing on the WAP side. It is recommended that you first select TXT, or download the source file to the local view.Chemical processThe first chapter is introduction1.1 from raw materials to chemical productsMore than

2、 20 million kindsChemical reaction conversion process: raw materials, chemical, physical measures, products, inorganic raw materials, chemical raw materials, organic raw materialsWater, air, inorganic nonmetal, metal mineral, petroleum, natural gas, coal and biomassBasic chemical raw materials, gene

3、ral chemical raw materialsSimple small molecule products made from basic chemical materialsInorganic acids, industrial gases, acetylene, ethylene, benzene, etcRelationship between inorganic chemical raw materials and basic inorganic chemical productsAir, water and gas coal coke calcined limestone ai

4、rseparation burnt in oxygen and nitrogen ammonia hydrogen chloride sodium nitrate and phosphorus sulfur iron ore, lime calcined from burning CO2 CaO Cl2 phosphate sodium carbonate sodium hydroxide SO2 iron oxide copper sulfateImportant inorganic chemical end products: chemical fertilizers, metal mat

5、erials, inorganic non-metallic materials, inorganic pigments, catalysts, inorganic polymers, etc.1.2 changes of chemical raw materials and development trend of chemical industry1., the 2.18 century ago, chemical production for workshops, manual processes, ancient chemical processes: ceramics, brewin

6、g, smelting and so on. Modern chemical process signs: inorganic acids, alkalis, salts, coal chemicals, and synthetic dyes, pharmaceuticals and coatings industries on this basis.1. The first is the rise of inorganic chemical industry: 1791 eighteenth Century to early twentieth Century, LeBlanc proces

7、s for producing soda ash: contact method to replace the lead chamber process; ammonia soda instead of sulfuric acid production in 1859 LeBlanc process chamberIn 1892, electrolytic salt water produced chlorine and caustic sodaAt the end of the Century II.18 to build coal tar as raw materials of organ

8、ic chemical industry system: synthetic dyes, pesticides, spices, medicine, explosives and other TNT acetylene benzene toluene nitrobenzene aniline purple phenol salicylic acid and salicylaldehyde acetylene chemical synthesis times aspirin spicesCoke and calcium oxide in 1888Ancient and modern chemic

9、al industry was characterized by the change of natural products. 3. modern chemical industry: synthetic products as a symbolI.19 at the end of the century to 1950s, with coal as raw material, coal tar, calcium carbide and acetylene by further production of organic chemicals.20 II century began in 50

10、s, with petroleum and natural gas as raw material for the synthesis of organic chemicals in early twentieth Century F. Hubbard invented ammonia technology 1913 the rise of the first ammonia plant water gas in petrochemical industryIn 1920, C. Ellis invented the process of hydration of propylene to i

11、sopropanolIn 1940s, hydrocarbon cracking and hydrogen reforming were successfully developed in a tube furnaceThe rapid development of petrochemical industry, 8090% organic chemical productsIndustrialization of chloroprene rubber in 1931Synthetic materials ageSynthetic nylon 66, 1937In the early 50s,

12、 plastics, synthetic rubber, and fibers were produced on a large scaleSmall batch, variety, good function, high added valueFrom the end of twentieth Century to the beginning of twenty-first CenturyFine chemical and Biochemical EngineeringNew economic growth pointComposite material, high temperature

13、superconductor material, information material and nanometer materialIt is an irreversible trend to use renewable resources instead of fossil fuels to become the main chemical raw materials1.3 the task of Chemical EngineeringIt is a science that studies the process of chemical production from chemica

14、l raw materials into chemical products, including production methods, principles, processes and equipment. Special sex knowledge production of different products require different chemical raw material products with different process route development process of different chemical chemical science p

15、rinciple of inorganic chemical accumulation law of chemical process classification of petroleum chemical coal chemical fine chemical biological chemical polymer chemical industryChemical unit process, reaction kinetics, thermodynamics, synthetic productAdvanced reaction unit, process, computer techn

16、ologyMolecular design theoryChemical Technology in twenty-first Century: fine, personalized, raw material route changes, green chemical industryChemical technology was expanded due to the interdisciplinary and application of fusion energy science, information science, material science, life science,

17、 nano scale research, theory and calculation method for it to provide a broader space1.4 research methods1. from the individual to the general, in the production process of a special chemical products in the process of the individual phenomenon, in theory, (Chemical Engineering) to study, summarize

18、and sublimate some regularities for theory. 2., the preliminary conclusions should be analyzed and studied in depth. After that, they should be used to solve the problem, and the design process will guide the practice of production, and be tested by practice, and then enriched and amended. Complex p

19、roduction process, technological process, technological operation parameter, three wastes treatment, body, soul, ruleA production process can be divided into 45 plates: reaction process - determination process, basic parameters: T, P, Cat, t and raw material ratioThe raw plate - purity (impurity, mo

20、isture), particle size, ratio, feeding the separation of plate separation and refining the products after processing plate - product packaging, processing the three wastes - waste water, waste gas and waste residue comprehensive utilization and harmless treatment of raw material preparation process

21、parameters of separation material goods products principle of harmless treatment of waste separation quality products three1.5 status, role and significance12345678 910 China Petrochemical Corp China Petroleum Corporation National Power Grid Corp Industrial Commercial Bank of China Ltd Chellona Mobi

22、le Communications Corporation Cmcc China Co truction Bank Corp Chinese life insurance (Group) Company China Bank Agricultural Bank Chinese Limited by Share Ltd China Sinochem Group Corp Limited by Share Ltd 14624.39 12730.03 11407.37 4900.04 4518.52 4029.37 3790.09 3522.80 3340.37 3089.75The design,

23、 operation, control and management technology - technology enterprise operation personnel, financial, material, market marketing, management regulations and other advanced technology archives, labor process equipment operating conditions control method to control quality monitoring technology to ens

24、ure product quality, production technology.Different processConversion, partial oxidation of a carbon chemical synthesis gas for ammonia oxidation hydrocyanic acid a carbon oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde formaldehyde * methane pyrolysis carbon black nitrification nitromethane acetylene chemic

25、al products, three days, one or two chloride perchloromethane ethane cracking ethylene cracking gas and acetaldehyde oxidation cracking ethylene * propane oxidative dehydrogenation of butane to maleic anhydride acetic acid, two butadienehydrogen2.4 oilGas, liquid, and solid natural hydrocarbon mixtu

26、res, crude oil, and natural gasThe average carbon content of 8587% oil average hydrogen content O, S, N content 1114% 1% distillationDemulsifierDemulsifier, crude oil, high pressure field, electric desaltingraw materialTwo times processingClass A 3 mg of salt water 0.2% /Lsecond levelPreheating syst

27、emFeed pumpH2OTwo stage electric desalting processAtmospheric vacuum distillation and flow of crude oilTop gas, light gasoline, kerosene, light gasoline, crude oil, light diesel oil, heavy diesel oil, steam, vacuum heating furnace, vacuum residue, vacuum tower, vacuum distillate, vacuum system, redu

28、ced pressure diesel oilAtmospheric steam heating furnace; primary distillation tower; atmospheric tower; atmospheric residueOil extractionCondensate oilProducing ethylene cracking raw material, oilfield gasMethane, ethane, propane, butaneCatalytic conversionsynthesis gasTop gas, crude oil, heavy die

29、sel oilRefinery catalytic crackingDry gasProducing ethylene cracking feedstockLiquefied petroleum gasPentaneKerosene light diesel oil, atmospheric distillation residue, constant pressure, reduced pressure distillation residue, reduced oil pressure distillate, light gasolinePropylene, isobutane and b

30、utene catalytic reforming, methyl n-butane, isobutane, a refinery gascrackingPressure reducing oilTwo processing of crude oilHeavy fractions, residues, thermal cracking, catalytic cracking, hydrocracking, catalytic reforming of gasoline, kerosene, diesel, gas, etc.1. thermal cracking: high pressure

31、thermal cracking, low pressure thermal cracking, has been eliminated 2. catalytic cracking (increase gasoline yield 70%), rare earth modified Y (X) molecular sieve, amorphous aluminum silicate Y zeolite, zeolite ZSM-5ReactorFixed bed moving bed fluidized bedCatalyzer3.: (catalytic cracking of hydroc

32、racking hydrogenation under the catalytic dehydrogenation) inhibition of condensation, avoid the formation of coke catalyst: double function catalyst fixed bed reactor for hydrogenation activity and cracking activity of fluidized bed (foreign) suspension bed (R & D) 4. catalytic reforming (platinum

33、reforming) ring alkane dehydrogenation and aromatization: cycloalkane isomerization dehydrogenation:CH3-Hydrocracking of two stage hydrocracking unit in one stage of hydrocracking unit+3H2 + 3H2Paraffin dehydrogenation, cyclization and aromatization:C6H14H 24H + 2C7H16CH3-+ H2CH3-+ 3H2Isomerization

34、of n-alkanes:CH3C6 H14CH3CH - CHCH3 CH3Hydrocracking:C8H18 +H2? C5H12 +C3H8?Catalytic reforming process and process:OnePre dearsenication, pre fractionation: raw materials containing arsenic content less than 0.1ppm, removal of C5 2. fraction hydrogenation: remove material can cause catalyst poisoni

35、ng of arsenic, lead, copper, S, N, O and 3. Olefins Catalytic Reforming: mainly aromatization reaction after 4. hydrogenation reforming oil saturation unsaturated hydrocarbons 5. stable system: remove gaseous hydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbon extraction: extraction from pentane 6. arene 7. aromat

36、ics separation: distillation separation of benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzenecokingThe vacuum residue of heavy oil thermal cracking residue coking gas oil coking coke calcinationObsoleteEthylene, propylene, butylene and other gasoline, diesel, wax oil Electrode cokePot coking, coking method, del

37、ayed coking, fluidized cokingOne furnace, two towers, two furnaces, four towersGradually replaced by delayed cokingDistribution of delayed coking products of several vacuum residuesMain process conditions of raw oilFurnace outlet temperature / temperatureDaqing vacuum residue 5001.30, 8.3, 15.7, 36.

38、3, 25.7, 14, 77.7Shengli vacuum residue 5001.45, 6.8, 14.7, 35.6, 19, 23.9, 69.3The pipeline can be reduced to 5001.43, 8.3, 15.9, 32.3, 20.7, 22.8, 68.9Liaohe vacuum residue 5001.43, 9.9, 15, 25.3, 27.2, 24.6, 65.5Combined cycle than the product distribution / product distribution of gas diesel nap

39、htha distillate oil coke yield of liquid2.5 creaturesenergyqualityDirect combustion or pressure type fuel combustion, thermal efficiency of 10 - 30% thermochemical conversion (charcoal, tar, gas) bio chemical conversion method (methane, alcohol) using molecular structure of chemical raw materials for bio oil production using natural object n