初中語法-不定式

1、（語態(tài)）動詞和參與此動作的主語之間關(guān)系的一個術(shù)語。當(dāng)主語是動作的發(fā)起者（或之一）時，稱為主動語態(tài)；如果動詞不定式的邏輯主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者，不定式一般要用被動語態(tài)形式。如：Its a great honour to be invited to Marys birthday party.（不定式作主語是被動語態(tài)to be invited是被邀請）It was impossible for lost time to be made up.（不定式作主語）I wish to be sent to work in the country.（不定式作賓語）Can you tell me

2、which is the car to be repaired?（不定式作定語）He went to the hospital to be examined.（不定式作狀語）在There be結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語的不定式可用被動，也可用主動。如：There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有時兩種形式表達(dá)的意思不同，如：There is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can

3、 do nothing now.)形式1) 現(xiàn)在式：一般現(xiàn)在時表示的動詞，有時與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生，有時發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作之后。He seems to know this.I hope to see you again. = I hope that Ill see you again.我希望再見到你。2) 完成式：表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前。Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.He seems to have caught a cold.3)進(jìn)行式：表示動作正在進(jìn)行，與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生。He seems to b

4、e eating something.4)完成進(jìn)行式：She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.一般在表示情緒的動詞后加to do也表將來疑問詞疑問詞who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句中作主語、賓語、表 語等。如：When to leave for London has not been decided yet. （不定式在句子中做主語）Mr. Smith didnt know whether to leave or stay ther

5、e. （不定式在句子中做賓語）I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. （不定式在句子中做直接賓語）The question was where to get the medicine needed. （不定式在句子中表語）以上例句中疑問詞+不定式部分，均可轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的從句形式。如：When we shall leavehow Icould learn經(jīng)常在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中使用的動詞有：consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,lea rn,observe,underst

6、and,wonder等。2作主語編輯動詞不定式作主語時，句子的謂語動詞常用單數(shù)，其位置有以下兩種：(1)把不定式置于句首。如：To get there by bike will take us half an hour.騎自行車到那兒將花費我們半個小時。To make up for lost time is not possible.要彌補(bǔ)失去的時光是不可能的。To lean out of the window is dangerous.身子探出窗外很危險。To save money now seems impossible.現(xiàn)在好像不可能存錢。(2)用it作形式主語，把真正的主語不定式置于句

7、后，常用于下列句式中。如：It+be+名詞+to doIts our duty to take good care of the old.照顧老人是我們的責(zé)任。It is an offence to drop litter in the street.在馬路上亂丟廢物是違章的。It takes sb+some time+to doHow long did it take you to finish the work?你花了多少時間來完成這項工作？It+be+形容詞+for sb+to doIt is difficult for us to finish writing the composit

8、ion in a quarter of an hour.我們難以在四分之一小時內(nèi)完成這篇作文。It is stupid of you to write down everything (that) the teacher says.你把老師說的所有東西都記下來的行為是很愚蠢的。It seems(appears)+形容詞+to doIt seemed impossible to save money.在句型中，常用表示客觀情況的形容詞，如：difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等；在句型中，常用careless,clever,goo

9、d,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等 表示贊揚或批評的詞。在不定式前的sb，可看作其邏輯主語。這一句式有時相當(dāng)于Sb is+形容詞+to do句式 ，如：Its kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to help me with my English.It + 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)可位于believe/consider/discover/expect/find/think和wonder之后He thought it would be safer to go b

10、y train.他認(rèn)為乘火車比較安全。He will find it is hard to make friends.他會感覺到交朋友困難。不定式的完成式也可作句子的主語To have made the same mistake twice was unforgivable.兩次犯同樣的錯誤是不可原諒的。It is better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all.愛過而后失去了愛，比從未愛過要好。(3)舉例（1） Its easy (for me) to do that.我做這事太容易了easy,difficult,h

11、ard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,better;the first,the next,the last,the best,too much,too little,not enoughIts so nice to hear your voice.聽到你的聲音真高興。Its necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.當(dāng)你不用車的時候，鎖車是有必要的。（2） Its very kind of him to help us.他幫助我們，他真好。Kind,

12、nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate(考慮周到的),silly,selfish(自私的)例句:It was silly of us to believe him.我們真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.他不給他們?nèi)魏螙|西，這顯得太自私了。注意：（1） 其他系動詞如，look，appear等也可用于此句型（2） 不定式作為句子成分時，動詞用單數(shù)形式。（3） 當(dāng)不定式作主語的句子中又有一個不定式作表語時，

13、不能用It is to的句型(對)To see is to believe.眼見為實。(錯)It is to believe to see.3作賓語編輯1) 以下動詞后，只能跟不定式作賓語afford （付得起），agree（同意），aim(力求做到)，appear（顯得），arrange（安排），ask（要求），attempt （試圖），care（想要），choose（決定），claim（聲稱），condescend（屈尊），consent（準(zhǔn)許），decide（決定），demand（要求），determine（決心），endeavor（竭力），expect（期待），fail（未履行），he

14、lp（幫助），hesitate（猶豫），hope（希望），learn（學(xué)會），manage（設(shè)法），neglect（疏忽），offer（主動提出），plan（計劃），prepare（準(zhǔn)備），pretend（假裝），proceed（接著做），promise（答應(yīng)），prove（證明），refuse（拒絕），resolve（解決），seem（覺得好像），swear（發(fā)誓），tend（往往會），threaten（預(yù)示），undertake（承諾），volunteer（自愿做），vow（發(fā)誓），want（想要），wish（希望）舉例：The driver failed to see the other

15、 car in time.司機(jī)沒能及時看見另一輛車。I happen to know the answer to your question.我碰巧知道你那道問題的答案。2） 動詞+疑問詞+ 不定式decide,know,consider forget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,find out,explain,tellPlease show us how to do that. 請演示給我們?nèi)绾稳プ?。There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant m

16、ake up my mind which to buy.有這么多的錄音機(jī)，我都拿不定主意買哪一種。注意：疑問詞帶不定式在句中作成分時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。The question is how to put it into practice.問題是怎樣把它付諸實施。3)當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語中的賓語是不定式時，先用形式賓語it代替不定式，把不定式置于補(bǔ)語之后，即：主語+動詞+it+補(bǔ)語+to do句式。如：We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.He feels it his duty to help the po

17、or.I find it difficult to learn English well.補(bǔ)語1) 動詞+賓語+不定式(to do)常見動詞：advise，allow，believe，cause，challenge，compel，declare，encourage，forbid，force，find，hire，induce，instruct，invite，like，order，permit，persuade，remind，request，require，select，send，suppose，tell，train，urge例句：a.Father will not allow us to pla

18、y on the street.父親不讓我們在街上玩耍。b.We believe him to be guilty.我們相信他是有罪的。2) to + be 的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，作補(bǔ)語的動詞。常見動詞：Acknowledge,believe,consider,think,declare(聲稱),discover, fancy(設(shè)想),feel,find,guess,judge,imagine,know,prove,see(理解), show,suppose,take(以為),understandWe consider Tom to be one of the best students in our

19、 class.我們認(rèn)為湯姆是班上最好的學(xué)生之一。3) to be +形容詞常見動詞：Seem,appear,be said,be supposed,be believed,be thought,be known,be reported,hope, wish,desire,want,plan,expect,meanThe book is believed to be uninteresting.人們認(rèn)為這本書沒什么意思。4)there be+不定式常見動詞：believe,expect,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,want,wish,undrstandWe didn

20、t expect there to be so many people there.我們沒料到會有那么多人在哪里。有些動詞需用as 短語做補(bǔ)語，如regard,think believe,take,consider.We regard Tom as our best teacher.我們認(rèn)為湯姆是我們最好的老師。Mary took him as her father .瑪麗把他當(dāng)作自己的父親。5)禿頭不定式作補(bǔ)語禿頭不定式， 即不帶“to”的不定式，其語法功能一般在句子中作賓語的補(bǔ)語（賓語補(bǔ)足語）。用禿頭不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的常用動詞如下：口訣：“五看、三使役“，“兩聽、一感”要記住，若是“賓補(bǔ)

21、”變“主補(bǔ)”，主補(bǔ)“to”字不能無。動詞let屬例外，其賓補(bǔ)/主補(bǔ)“to”均無。說明：五看-see/watch/notice/observe/look at；三使役-have/make/let；兩聽-hear/listen to；一感-feel。例句：I often see him go to school on foot.(禿頭不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語) He is often seen to go to school on foot.(不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語，要帶“to”) Let him try again.- He is let try again.(let的主補(bǔ)與賓補(bǔ)均用禿頭不定式)5Find

22、 特殊用法編輯Find 后可用分詞做賓補(bǔ)，或先加形式賓語，再加形容詞，最后加帶to 的動詞不定式。find后也可帶一個從句。此類動詞還有g(shù)et，have。I found him lying on the ground.I found it important to learn.I found that to learn English is important.6例題編輯典型例題1The next morning she found the ma find_ in bed，dead.A. lyingB. lieC. layD. laying答案：A.find的賓語后面，用分詞或分詞短語，起賓語

23、補(bǔ)足語作用?，F(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)主動，也表達(dá)正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表達(dá)被動。典型例題2Charles Babbage is generally considered_ the first computer.A. to inventB. inventingC. to have inventedD. having invented答案：A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D，此句只說明發(fā)明這一個事實，不定式后用原形即可。而C為現(xiàn)在完成時，發(fā)明為點動詞一般不用完成時，且此處也不強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，因此不選C。7作表語編輯不定式作表語表示具體動作或?qū)韯幼鳎粍用~作表語表示抽象的一般行為。To

24、be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.當(dāng)主語和表語都是不定式時，其含義一是條件，一是結(jié)果（例）。當(dāng)主語是aim,duty,hope,idea,mista ke,plan,purpose,suggestion等為中心詞的名詞詞組（例）時，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性分句（例），不定 式說明主語的內(nèi)容。Our work i

25、s serving the people.What he likes is taking a walk after supper.The story told by Mr.Wang is interesting.句動名詞作表語，與主語部分可以轉(zhuǎn)換，如Serving thepeople is our work,而句中是現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，說明主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在分詞具有形容詞的各種特征，另外，動名詞作表語還應(yīng)與進(jìn)行時態(tài)區(qū)別開來。8作狀語編輯（1）目的狀語To only to (僅僅為了),in order to,so as to,so(such) as to (如此以便)He ran so fas

26、t as to catch the first bus.他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。I come here only to say good-bye to you.我來僅僅是向你告別。（2）作結(jié)果狀語，表事先沒有預(yù)料到的，要放在句子后面。What have I said to make you angry.He searched the room only to find nothing.（3)表原因Im glad to see you.典型例題The chair looks rather hard,but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A. sitB

27、. sit onC. be seatD. be sat on答案：B.如果不定式為不及物動詞，其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。當(dāng)動詞與介詞連用時，常位于“形容詞+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)的末尾。9作定語編輯不定式作定語不定式在句中作定語，置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。如：The next train to arrive is from Washington.Do you have anything to be taken to your sister?Do you have anything to say on the question?Would you please give me some paper to

28、write on?My wish to visit France has come true at last.不定式短語作定語和被修飾詞之間表示以下關(guān)系：(1)表示將來的動作（例）。(2)與被修飾詞之間有動賓關(guān)系，如是不及物動詞，則需加介詞（例）。(3)與被修飾詞之間有動賓關(guān)系，同時與句中其它詞之間又有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時，盡管有被動含義，卻仍 用主動語態(tài)（例）；如只有動賓關(guān)系，而無邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，則需用被動語態(tài)（例）。(4)不定式作定語時，一般可轉(zhuǎn)換為定語從句，例to arrive=that will arrive。10相關(guān)省略編輯介紹（1）情態(tài)動詞( 除ought 外，ought to意思

29、是“應(yīng)該”，是情態(tài)動詞，只有一種形式，后邊接動詞不定式，to不能省略。ought to沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，后接動詞原形可以表示現(xiàn)在、將來或過去將來，由時間狀語或上下文決定。例如：They ought to come tomorrow.他們明天應(yīng)當(dāng)來)：（2）使役動詞let,have,make：（3）感官動詞see,watch,look at,notice,observe,hear,listen to,smell,feel,find 等后作賓補(bǔ)，省略to。注意：在被動語態(tài)中則to 不能省掉。在使役動詞中g(shù)et除外(get sb. to do sth.)I saw him dance.=He wa

30、s seen to dance.The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night.（4） 表示個人意愿或傾向的would rather，had better，might(just) as well：rather than置于句首時。Rather than ride on a crowded bus,he always prefers to ride a bike.（5） Why / why not：（6） help 可帶to，也可不帶to,help sb (to) do sth：（7）

31、 but和except：but前是動詞do時，后面出現(xiàn)的動詞用不帶to的動詞不定式。（8） 由and,or和than連接的兩個不定式，第二個to 可以省去：（9） 通常在discover,imagine,suppose,think,understand等詞后，可以省去to be：He is supposed (to be) nice.他應(yīng)該是個好人。（10）but作介詞，后接不定式結(jié)構(gòu)時，前面謂語動詞部分若含有do的形式時，but后的不定式要省去to，否則要帶to。He wants to do nothing but go out.He wants to believe anything bu

32、t to take the medicine.（11）當(dāng)兩個或多個不定時短語由連詞and，but或or連接時，后一個或幾個不定式符號to常省略。但若表示對比、對照關(guān)系時，則不能省略。He wants to move to France and marry the girl.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,not to make it more difficult.（12）不定式做表語時，一般要帶to，但若主語部分中含有do的各種形式時，符號to可省去。Weve missed the last bus.All we c

33、ould do now is walk home.典型例題（1) - I usually go there by train.- Why not _ by boat for a change?A. to try goingB.trying to goC.to try and goD.try going答案：D. why not 后面接不帶to 的不定式，因此選D。（2） Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.A. learnB. to learnC. learnedD. learning答案：B. make后接不帶to 的動詞不

34、定式，當(dāng)其用于被動時，to 不可省略。11否定式編輯Tell him not to shut the windowShe pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走過的時候，她假裝沒看見。典型例題（1）Tell him _ the window.A. to shut notB. not to shutC. to not shutD. not shut答案：B。tell sb to do sth 的否定形式為tell sb not to do sth.（2)She pretended _ me when I passed by.A.not to se

35、eB. not seeingC. to not seeD.having not seen答案：A。pretend 后應(yīng)接不定式。其否定形式為pretend not to do sth.。（3）Mrs. Smith warned her daughter _ after drinking.A. never to driveB. to never driverC. never drivingD. never drive答案：A。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式為warn sb not to do sth. 此處用的是否定詞never.（4) The boy wanted to ri

36、de his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him _.A. not toB. not to doC. not do itD. do not to答案：A。not to 為not to do it 的省略形式?？梢灾挥胻o這個詞，而不必重復(fù)整個不定式詞組。及物動詞do后應(yīng)有名詞、代詞等，否則不對，因此B，D不對。（5) The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A. to eat noB. eating notC. not to eatD. not eating答案：C。w

37、arn一詞要求后用不定式，此處為不定式的被動，否定形式為be warned not to do。12特殊句型編輯so as to（1） 表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.湯姆對事故保持沉默是為了不丟掉他的工作。Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.輕點進(jìn)去，別驚醒了嬰兒。（2)so kind as to 勞駕Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?勞駕，現(xiàn)在幾點了。

38、2、 Why not +動詞原形表達(dá)向某人提出建議為什么不? 干嗎不?例如：Why not take a holiday？干嗎不去度假？3、Its for sb.和 Its of sb.（1）for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特點，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等：Its very hard for him to study two languages. 對他來說學(xué)兩門外語是很難的。（2）of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good,kind,nice,clever,fooli

39、sh,right。Its very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我，你真是太好了。for 與of 的辨別方法：用介詞后面的代詞作主語，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語，造個句子。如果道理上通順用of，不通則用for。如：You are nice.(通順，所以應(yīng)用of)。He is hard.(人是困難的，不通，因此應(yīng)用for。)4、不定式的特殊句型tooto（1）tooto太以至于He is too excited to speak.他太激動了，說不出話來。Can I help you 需要我?guī)兔醀ell,Im afraid the box is too heavy fo

40、r you to carry it,but thank you all the same.不用了。這箱子太重，恐怕你搬不動。謝謝您。（2) 如在too前有否定詞，則整個句子用否定詞表達(dá)肯定， too 后那個詞表達(dá)一種委婉含義，意 為“不太”。Its never too late to mend.(諺語)改過不嫌晚。（3)當(dāng)too 前面有only,all,but時，意思是：非常 等于very。Im only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高興能幫助你。He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。13相互區(qū)別編輯

41、不定式與介詞to區(qū)別to 有兩種用法：一為不定式+動詞原形；一為介詞+名詞動名詞，to 在下面的用法中是第二種，即to+ 名詞/動名詞：admit to承認(rèn)，confess to承認(rèn)，be accustomed to 習(xí)慣于，be used to 習(xí)慣于， stick to 堅持， turn to開始，著手于， devote oneself to 獻(xiàn)身于，be devoted to 致力于， look forward to 盼望，pay attention to 注意介詞but,except,besides+to do(do)在這種句型中，如介詞前有動詞do，后面應(yīng)接不帶to的不定式；如無do

42、，則接to不定式，即帶do不帶to， 帶to不帶do。如：The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in.On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV.14區(qū)別聯(lián)系編輯1 動名詞與不定式的區(qū)別動名詞表達(dá)的是：狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)，心境，抽象，經(jīng)常性，已發(fā)生的不定式表達(dá)的是：目的，結(jié)果，原因，具體，一次性，將發(fā)生的2 接不定式或動名詞，意義相同3在下列情況下，一般要用不定式：hate,like,love前有would(should)時，如：Id like to have a cup of coffe

43、e.當(dāng)謂語動詞begin,continue,start等是進(jìn)行式時，如：The students are starting to work on the difficult maths problem.begin,continue,start與know,understand等狀態(tài)動詞連用時，如：I soon began to understand what was happening.advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等動詞后接動名詞作賓語，或帶不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：Our teachers dont permit our/us swimming in

44、the lake.Our teachers dont permit us to swim in the lake.4 部分動詞后接不定式或動名詞時，意義差別較大，應(yīng)根據(jù)句子語境選擇使用。forget,remember,regret后接不定式，表示現(xiàn)在或未來的動作，接動名詞表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。如：Dont forget to post the letter for me.Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport?Remember to close the windows before you leave.I remember writing

45、 him a letter a year ago.We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited toattend the meeting.They regretted ordering these books from abroad.15語義不同編輯目錄1stop to do（停現(xiàn)在做的去做另一件事）stop doing（停止正在做某事）2 forget to do（忘記去做某事）forget doing（忘記做了某事）3remember to do（記得要去做某事）remember doing（記得做過某事）4 regret to

46、 do（遺憾做某事）regret doing（遺憾做了某事）5cease to docease doing6 try to do（努力做某事）try doing（試著做某事）7go on to do（繼續(xù)去做某事）go on doing（繼續(xù)做某事）8 afraid to do（擔(dān)心做某事）afraid doing（擔(dān)心正在做的事）9interested to do（對做某事感興趣）interested doing（對正在做的感興趣）10 mean to do（打算做某事）mean doing（做某事很有意義）11 begin/ start to do（開始去做某事）begin/ start

47、doing（開始做某事）forget doing/to doforget to do忘記要去做某事。(未做)forget doing忘記做過某事。(已做)The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off.辦公室的燈還在亮著，他忘記關(guān)了。(沒有做關(guān)燈的動作)He forgot turning the light off.他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。( 已做過關(guān)燈的動作)Dont forget to come tomorrow.別忘了明天來。(to come動作未做)典型例題 The light in the office is s

48、till on. Oh，I forgot_.A. turning it offB. turn it offC. to turn it offD. having turnedit off答案：C。由the light is still on 可知燈亮著，即關(guān)燈的動作沒有發(fā)生，因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth表示燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了，而自己忘記了這一事實。此處不符合題意。stop doing/to dostop to do停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事。stop doing停止做某事。They stop to smoke a cigarette.他們停下來，抽了根

49、煙。I must stop smoking.我必須戒煙了。典型例題She reached the top of the hill and stopped _on a big rock by theside of the path.A. to have restedB. restingC. to restD. rest答案：C。由題意可知，她到了山頂，停下來在一個路邊的大石頭上休息。因此，應(yīng)選擇“stop to do sth.停下來去做另一件事”。而不僅僅是爬山動作的終止，所以stop doing sth.不正確。remember doing/to doremember to do 記得去做某事

50、(未做)remember doing記得做過某事(已做)Remember to go to the post office after school.記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。Dont you remember seeing the man before?你不記得以前見過那個人嗎？regret doing/to doregret to do對要做的事遺憾。(未做)regret doing對做過的事遺憾、后悔。(已做)I regret to have to do this,but I have no choice.我很遺憾必須這樣去做，我實在沒有辦法。I dont regret telling her

51、 what I thought.我不為告訴她我的想法而后悔。典型例題-You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.-Well,now I regret _ that.A. to doB. to be doingC.to have doneD.having done答案：D。regret having done sth. 對已發(fā)生的事感到遺憾。regret to do sth.對將要做的事感到遺憾。本題為對已說的話感到后悔，因此選D。cease doing/to docease to do長時間，甚至永遠(yuǎn)停做某事。cease

52、doing短時停止做某事，以后還會接著做。That department has ceased to exist forever.那個部門已不復(fù)存在。The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by.姑娘們在老師走過時，停了會聊天。try doing/to dotry to do努力，企圖做某事。try doing試驗，試著做某事。You must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。I tried gardening but didnt succeed.我試著種果木花卉，但未成功。

53、go on doing/to dogo on to do做了一件事后，接著做另一件事。go on doing繼續(xù)做原來做的事。After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics.做完數(shù)學(xué)后，他接著去做物理。Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one.作完這個練習(xí)后，接著做其他的練習(xí)be afraid doing/to dobe afraid to do不敢，膽怯去做某事，是主觀上的原因不去做，意為“怕”；be afraid of doing擔(dān)

54、心出現(xiàn)doing的狀況、結(jié)果。doing 是客觀上造成的，意為“生怕，恐怕”。She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.她生怕被蛇咬著，而不敢在草叢中再走一步。She was afraid to wake her husband.她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。She was afraid of waking her husband.她生怕吵醒她丈夫。.be interested doing/to dointerested to do對做某事感興趣，想了解某事。inte

55、rested in doing對某種想法感興趣，doing 通常為想法。I shall be interested to know what happens.我很想知道發(fā)生了什么事。(想了解)Im interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that我對在瑞士工作感興趣。你想過這事嗎?(一種想法)mean doing/to domean to do打算、想mean doing意味著I mean to go,but my father would not allow me to.我想去，但是我父親不肯讓我去。T

56、o raise wage means increasing purchasing power.贈加工資意味著增加購買力。begin(start) doing/to dobegin / start to do sthbegin / start doing sth.（1)談及一項長期活動或開始一種習(xí)慣時，使用doing.How old were you when you first started playing the piano你幾歲時開始彈鋼琴？（2)begin,start用進(jìn)行時時，后面動詞用不定式to doI was beginning to get angry。我開始生起氣來。（3)在attempt,intend,begin,start 后接k