初中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)論文 影響英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的幾種因素及解決對(duì)策

1、影響英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的幾種因素及解決對(duì)策高考英語(yǔ)的閱讀理解從以前的四篇增加到現(xiàn)在的五篇分值從30分增到40分，這便說(shuō)明了閱讀理解的重要性。從近幾年高考的試題看來(lái)，試卷結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定，單詞量保持在2600個(gè)左右。在高考中，要取得較好的成績(jī)，閱讀理解起了很大的作用，也是拉開(kāi)分?jǐn)?shù)距離的重要部分。筆者在教學(xué)中把學(xué)生碰到的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行分析、探討，總結(jié)出影響閱讀理解的幾種因素及提出解決問(wèn)題的對(duì)策。一巧妙干擾，意圖模糊。在英語(yǔ)考試中，相當(dāng)部分問(wèn)題的答案是要考生在文章中找細(xì)節(jié)的，而題目的設(shè)計(jì)者當(dāng)然有意把這些細(xì)節(jié)隱蔽起來(lái)或者用選擇項(xiàng)進(jìn)行前后干擾，使考生對(duì)作者的寫(xiě)作意圖模糊起來(lái)。這主要是考查考生是否有較強(qiáng)的辨認(rèn)細(xì)節(jié)和理解事實(shí)的

2、能力。解決這類問(wèn)題主要是在平時(shí)的考試和訓(xùn)練中，老師要有意識(shí)的分析考題的規(guī)律，搞清楚正確選項(xiàng)與干擾選項(xiàng)之間的關(guān)系，以便克服干擾，理通解題思路。另一方面，一定要明白題目設(shè)問(wèn)的含義，理解作者的寫(xiě)作意圖，再細(xì)心閱讀文段，分析句與句之間的關(guān)系，排除各項(xiàng)干擾，選準(zhǔn)答案。在我的教學(xué)中，經(jīng)常碰到這樣的情況，有些平時(shí)成績(jī)不錯(cuò)的學(xué)生在做閱讀理解時(shí)覺(jué)得文章難度不大，讀得懂，但正確率并不高。究其原因，是因?yàn)橛械拈喿x理解，尤其是高水平考試的閱讀理解試題的干擾項(xiàng)的編制水平非常高，也就是出題者的設(shè)計(jì)太巧妙了。因?yàn)槌鲱}者深知，干擾項(xiàng)只有與文章的內(nèi)容有密切的聯(lián)系才能發(fā)揮干擾的作用。他們所設(shè)計(jì)的干擾項(xiàng)往往與原文某幾個(gè)詞、語(yǔ)句、或

3、者語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)上十分接近。有些干擾項(xiàng)似乎合情合理，從意義上一時(shí)難以區(qū)分。在這些情況下，學(xué)生就很容易陷入出題者所設(shè)計(jì)的圈套。盡管出題者所設(shè)計(jì)的干擾很巧妙，只要老師指導(dǎo)學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)分析、研究問(wèn)題，把握其命題規(guī)律、理通解題思路，也可以提高解題的正確率。例如：When he took office, George. Bush,son of former president George Herbert Walker Bush, became the first son to follow his father into the White House since John Quincy Adams follo

4、wed John Adams in the early 19th century.問(wèn)題：What does the writer intend to tell us in the text?A. George W. Bush is the first son in American history to follow his father into the White House.B. George W. Bush is the first son of former president George Herbert Walker Bush.C. John Quincy Adams and h

5、is father were both former American presidents.D. George W. Bush is the second one in the American history to follow his father into the White House.很多考生選A，是因?yàn)楦悴幻鱆ohn Quincy Adams與John Adams的關(guān)系。其實(shí)是父子關(guān)系。A項(xiàng)有較強(qiáng)的干擾作用。有的考生選B，B答案的陳述是對(duì)的，但不符合正解題干的含義?！癷ntend to tell us”意為“想告訴我們/有意告訴我們”。也有選C的,C答案的陳述是對(duì)的,但與設(shè)問(wèn)無(wú)關(guān)

6、。正確答案為D。從這段文章中可以看出作者的意圖是：除了John Quincy Adams繼其父John Adams進(jìn)入白宮就職之外，還有George W. Bush繼其父George Herbert Walker Bush進(jìn)入白宮就職。那么，George W. Bush便是第二位繼其父進(jìn)入白宮就任總統(tǒng)的人了。從上面的例子可知，要做好閱讀理解，不但要完全明白題干的含義；而且排除選項(xiàng)的各種干擾。二巧用語(yǔ)法，有意設(shè)陷。在考試中，出題者有意用一些較長(zhǎng)的句子，尤其是帶有定語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、分詞短語(yǔ)、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、倒裝句等的句子來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)障礙，使考生容易進(jìn)入陷阱，產(chǎn)生錯(cuò)誤理解。而問(wèn)題的答案往往就落在長(zhǎng)句中。這

7、種設(shè)陷意在考查學(xué)生對(duì)句子的分析能力與理解句子結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。解決這種問(wèn)題的對(duì)策是明確理解帶有定語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、分詞短語(yǔ)、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)等的句子，找出句子的主、謂、賓語(yǔ)，使句意明朗，然后再分析附加成份。例如：China will open its B-share market formerly reserved for overseas investors to domestic residents, the China Security Regulatory Commission(CSRC)announced Monday. (from China Daily)問(wèn)題：According to th

8、e passage, we know that B-share market was opened only to_.A.overseas investors B.domestic residentsC.BothA and B D.Neither A nor B很多同學(xué)選B或C，其實(shí)都沒(méi)有正確理解“formerly reserved for overseas investors”這個(gè)短語(yǔ)。.這個(gè)過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)修飾market。全句意為：以前只為海外投資者保留的市場(chǎng)，現(xiàn)在對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)居民開(kāi)放。這就說(shuō)明以前的市場(chǎng)不向國(guó)內(nèi)開(kāi)放，只向國(guó)外開(kāi)放。故選A。三、詞匯缺乏，閱讀受阻詞匯缺乏有幾方面的原因。一方面

9、是原來(lái)學(xué)過(guò)的詞匯記得不牢，一方面是詞匯積累不夠，另一方面是真的碰到?jīng)]學(xué)過(guò)的詞匯。無(wú)論那一方面存在欠缺，在閱讀時(shí)要學(xué)會(huì)猜詞。最簡(jiǎn)單的方法是猜詞時(shí)把選擇項(xiàng)的四個(gè)詞匯逐個(gè)代入原句的“猜詞”中，看哪一個(gè)詞最為合理，最合理的那個(gè)便是要猜的詞。例如。A newer theory is that increasing daylight stimulates certain glands in the birds body and prepares it for migration. This theory would account for the fact that not all birds migra

10、te at the same time.The phrase “account for ” most probably means .A. indicate B. explain C. prove D. provide只要把A、B、C、D分別代入“account for”的位置便知道，A“表明”、B“解釋”、C“證明”、D“提供”。只有B合理。全句意為：這種理論可以解釋這種事實(shí)；并非所有的鳥(niǎo)都在同一時(shí)間里遷移。又如：If the person did well in his or her drivers education class, he or she will pass the test

11、 with flying colors and get a drivers license.What does the underlined phrase “with flying colors” most probably mean?A.honourably B.proudly C.successfully D.come out top答案為C.全句意為:如果他或者她在司機(jī)培訓(xùn)中表現(xiàn)出息,他或者她就成功通過(guò)考試并取得司機(jī)駕照.又如：Ninety-four percent of men wish to change their image. A study found that a mans

12、self-esteem is often directly connected with his outward appearance.What does the underlined phrase most probably mean?A.事業(yè)心 B.自私 C.自尊心 D.自我調(diào)控答案：C.（意為：百分之90的男人希望改變自己的形象。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)男人的自尊心往往與他的外表有直接聯(lián)系）四閱讀量大，心中恐慌大多數(shù)學(xué)生在閱讀文段時(shí)，一看到很長(zhǎng)的文章就恐慌了。其實(shí)越長(zhǎng)的文章越好讀，答案越易找。雖然文章長(zhǎng)，但文章的難句不多，讀起來(lái)流暢、易懂。解決這種問(wèn)題主要是從自己的心理入手，克服心理恐慌因素，要做到仔細(xì)

13、觀察問(wèn)題，然后帶著問(wèn)題去找答案，找答案時(shí)要瀏覽全文，閱讀速度要快，不必細(xì)讀全文。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，這一類文章較長(zhǎng)或者較散，而答案往往就在開(kāi)頭、結(jié)尾或者中間的句子上。例如：During the four China Beijing High-tech Industies Week,exhibitions,frature presentation,teahnological exchange and trade talks, and other events are organized. Exhibition:.China International Exhition Center*Section for

14、 Chinas key science and technology achievements of the Ninth Five-Year Plan(1996 -2000)*Environmental protection and energy section.*Section for exhibition from other provinces and municipalities and regions of China.China World Trade Center*Exchange and Trade Fair for Science and Technology Books a

15、nd Sports Information Media.*The Trade Fair for Modern Intelligent Houses and Beijing Urban Real Estate.China millenium monument*Forum and Exhibition of foreign Scitech Universities.China Agricultural Culture Center*High-tech Construction Products Exhibition.Feature Presentation:.Science and Educati

16、on*Scientists Forum on the New Century.Hightech Industry*Forum on Environmental Protection*2001 Forum on Biotechnology on Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Medicne.Techincal Exchanges and Trade Talks:.Trade talk on financial capital transformation.SinoItalian Forum and Trade Fair for the Deve

17、lopment of IT and Communications Technolgy.問(wèn)題：These sessions mark the achievements of mankind in the fields of_.A. sports technology, filmindustry and environmental protectionB. network technolgy, hightech industries and trafficC. electronic communcations, energy and educationD. medicine, weather broadcast and finance一看