高中英語(yǔ)主謂一致知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解

1、高中英語(yǔ)主謂一致知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解高中英語(yǔ)主謂一致知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解本文主要講解主謂一致，并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù) 主謂一致中的靠近原則 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致等常見考點(diǎn)。主謂一致是指： 1） 語(yǔ)法形式上要一致，即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語(yǔ)要一致。 2） 意義上要一致，即主語(yǔ)意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。 3） 就近原則，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ)， 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，不可數(shù)名詞用動(dòng)詞單數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)。例如： There is much water in the thermos. 但當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： Ten thousand tons of

2、 coal were produced last year. 15.1 并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，例如： Reading and writing are very important. 讀寫很重要。 注意：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由and連結(jié)時(shí)，如果它表示一個(gè)單一的概念，即指同一人或同一物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，and 此時(shí)連接的兩個(gè)詞前只有一個(gè)冠詞。例如： The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 鋼鐵工業(yè)對(duì)我們的生活有重要意義。 典型例題 The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make

3、 a speech at the meeting. A. isB. was C. are D. were 答案B. 注： 先從時(shí)態(tài)上考慮。這是過去發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)用過去時(shí)，先排除A.，C。本題易誤選D，因?yàn)門he League secretary and monitor 好象是兩個(gè)人，但仔細(xì)辨別，monitor 前沒有the，在英語(yǔ)中，當(dāng)一人兼數(shù)職時(shí)只在第一個(gè)職務(wù)前加定冠詞。后面的職務(wù)用and 相連。這樣本題主語(yǔ)為一個(gè)人，所以應(yīng)選B。 15.2 主謂一致中的靠近原則 1）當(dāng)there be 句型的主語(yǔ)是一系列事物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。例如： There is a pen, a knif

4、e and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支筆、一把小刀和幾本書。 There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十個(gè)男孩，二十三個(gè)女孩。 2）當(dāng)either or 與neither nor，連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引導(dǎo)，而主語(yǔ)又不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常也和最鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致。例如： Either you or she is to go. 不是你去，就是她去。 Here is a pen, a few

5、envelops and some paper for you. 給你筆、信封和紙。 15.3 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞組成的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)部分一致。例如： The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教師和一些學(xué)生在參觀工廠。 He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去劃船。 15.4 謂語(yǔ)需用單數(shù) 1）代詞ea

6、ch以及由every, some, no, any等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，或主語(yǔ)中含有each, every時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)需用單數(shù)。例如： Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我們每人都有錄音機(jī)。 There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表壞了。 2）當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是一本書或一條格言時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。例如： The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 天方夜譚是英語(yǔ)愛好者熟悉的一本書。 3）表示金錢，時(shí)間，價(jià)格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常把這些名詞看作一個(gè)整

7、體，謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)。例如： Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 用三個(gè)星期來(lái)做準(zhǔn)備。 Ten yuan is enough. 十元夠了。 15.5 指代意義決定謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù) 1）代詞what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。例如： All is right.一切順利。 All are present.人都到齊了。 2）集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的意思來(lái)決定。如family, audience, cre

8、w, crowd, class, company, committee等詞后，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)集體中的各個(gè)成員，用單數(shù)時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)該集體的整體。例如： His family isnt very large. 他家成員不多。 His family are music lovers.他家個(gè)個(gè)都是音樂愛好者。 但集合名詞people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： Are there any police around? 附近有警察嗎？ 3）有些名詞，如variety, number, population, proportion, majo

9、rity 等有時(shí)看作單數(shù)，有時(shí)看作復(fù)數(shù)。例如： A number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。 The number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。 A number of books have lent out. The majority of the students like English. 15.6 與后接名詞或代詞保持一致 1）用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常與of后面的名詞/代詞保持一致。例如： Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部

10、分的錢化在書上了。 Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分學(xué)生積極參與體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。 2）用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。例如： A series of accidents has been reported. 媒體報(bào)道了一連串的事故。 A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 爐邊有一堆木柴。 3）如 many a 或 more than one 所修飾的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂

11、語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式。但由more than of 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。例如： Many a person has read the novel.許多人讀過這本書。 More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的學(xué)生來(lái)自這個(gè)城市。 15.7 主謂一致練習(xí) 1.Each of you _ responsible for the accident. a. am b. be c. is d. are 2.Each man and woman _ the same rights. a. has b. h

12、ave c. had d. is having 3.Every means _ tried but without much result. a. has been b. have been c. are d. is 4.There _ in this room. a. are too much furniture b. is too many furnitures c. are too much furnitures d. is too much furniture 5.The manager or his assistant _ planning to go. a. were b. are

13、 c. was d. be 6.Not only I but also David and Iris _ fond of playing basketball. a. am b. is c. are d. was 7.Neither Tom nor his parents _ at home. a. is b. are c. has d. was 8.Either the dean or the principal _ the meeting. a. attends b. attend c. are attending d. have attended 9._ was wrong. a. No

14、t the teacher but the students b. Both the students and the teacher c. Neither the teacher not the students d. Not the students but the teacher 10.“_ twenty dollars a big sum to her?” “I suppose so.” a. Will be b. Is c. Are d. Were 11.Three hours _ enough for us to finish the task. a. are b. has c.

15、is d. were 12.Most of his savings _ in the Xin Hua Bank. a. has been kept b. is being kept c. have kept d. have been kept 13.All that can be done _. a. has done b. has been done c. have done d. have been done 14.One or perhaps more pages _. a. is missing b. has been missed c. are missing d. was miss

16、ing 15.More than one worker _ dismissed. a. have been b. are c. has been d. has 16.Many a student _ the importance of learning a foreign language. a. have realized b. has realize c. have been realized d. has been realized 17.The gas works _ near the city. a. is b. are c. were d. be 18.The surroundin

17、gs of his house _ clean now. a. is b. are c. was d. were 19.The committee _ over the problem among themselves for two hours. a. has argued b. has been arguing c. have argued d. have been arguing 20.The public _ generous in their contributions to the earthquake victims. a. is b. was c. are d. has bee

18、n 21.Cattle _ on the hillside. a. grazes b. is grazing c. was grazing d. were grazing 22.Her politics _ neither conservative nor liberal. a. is b. are c. was d. has been 23.Measles _ a kind of infectious illness. a. is b. are c. were d. have been 24.The Philippines _ to the south-east of China. a. l

19、ies b. lie c. lay d. lays 25.Mary is one of the girls who _ always on time. a. is b. am c. are d. was 26.Tom is the only one of the stall members who _ to be promoted. a. is going b. are going c. has been going d. have been going 27.What caused the accident _ on the road. a. were stone b. were stone

20、s c. was stone d. was stones 28.Wisky and soda _ his favorite drink. a. is b. are c. were d. have been 29._ is to attend our evening. a. both the singer and the dancer b. Either the singer or dancers c. The singer or dancers d. The singer and dancer 30.The Smiths _ their breakfast when the morning p

21、ost came. a. had b. has been having c. are having d. were having 31.No one except two students _ the meeting. a. has been late for b. have been late for c. was late for d. were later for 32.All but him and me _ to the exhibition. a. am going b. is going c. are going d. was going 33.Interest, as well

22、 as prospects, _ important when one looks for a job. a. are b. were c. is d. was 34.The president, accompanied by his assistants, _. a. have arrived b. are arriving c. had arrived d. has arrived 35.A number of cars _ in front of the park a. is parked b. was parked c. are parked d. has parked 36.the

23、number of articles published on smoking _ amazing. a. is b. are c. were d. have been 37.The majority of doctors _ smoking is harmful to health. a. are believed b. had believed c. has believed d. believe 38.The majority of the damage _ easy to repair. a. is b. are c. were d. be 39.Four-fifths of the

24、crop _. a. are ruined b. was ruined c. were ruined d. have been ruined 40.Three-fourths of the buildings _. a. was destroyed b. is destroyed c. were destroyed d. has been destroyed 41.Early to bed and early to rise _ a man healthy, happy and wise. a. making b. to make c. make d. makes 42.Mathematics

25、 _ the language of science. a. is b. has been c. are d. have been 43.The young _ the vital forces in our society. a. is b. has been c. are d. have been 44.Every man, woman and child _ some history, enough at least, to survive in the world. a. knows b. know c. is known d. are known 45.None of them _

26、my friends. a. is b. are c. was d. has been 46.Not only the whole nation, but the whole Europe , indeed the whole human society _ to alter its attitude to racial problems. a. need b. needs c. has a need d. have a need 47.Getting to other planets or to the moon _ many problems. a. involve b. involves

27、 c. involving d. to involve 48.In that country, the rich _ richer, the poor, poorer. a. become b. has become c. becomes d. is becoming 49.The project requires more labor than _ because it is extremely difficult. a. has been put in b. have been put in c. being put in d. to be put in 50.Not one in one

28、 hundred children exposed to the disease _ likely to develop it. a. should be b. must be c. is d. are 主謂一致練習(xí)答案1-5 CAADC 6-10 CBADB 11-15 CDBCC 16-20 BABDC 21-25 DBAAC26-30 ADADD31-35 CCCDC 36-40ADABC40-45 DDCAB 46-50BBAAC1. The old _well looked after by the government in China.A. is B. are C. has be

29、en D. was2. The secretary and manager _very busy now.A. is B. are C. was D. were3. Both the secretary and the manager _agreed to attend the meeting.A. has B. have C. are D. was4. Tom as well as two of his classmates _invited to the party.A. was B. were C. have been D. had been5. Either you or I _goi

30、ng to the teachers office after class.A. am B. is C. are D. will6. Most of his spare time _spent in reading.A. are B. were C. was D. have been7. This is one of the best novels that _appeared this year.A.have been B. has C. had been D. have8. Ten thousand dollars _quite a large sum.A.are B. is C. wer

31、e D. have9. About 20 percent of the work _done yesterday.A. are B. is C. were D . was10. Mr Smith， together with his children， _arrived.A.are B. has C. is D. have11. It _I who _leaving for London.A.isis B. amis C. isam D. amam12. Not only Tom but also his wife _fond of watching television.A. are B.

32、were C. be D. is13. When and where to build the new factory _yet.A. is not decided B. are not decidedC. has not decided D. have not decided14. Although the first part of the book is easy， the rest _.A. are difficult B. has proved difficultC. is supposed difficultD. have been found difficult15. That

33、they were wrong in these matters _ now clear to us all.A. is B. was C. are D. were16. Half of his goods _ stolen the other day.A. are B. were C. is D. was17. Mathematics _the language of science.A. are B. are going to be C. is D. is to be18. Each of the students _ a Chinese-English dictionary.A. hav

34、e B. has C. there is D. there are19. They each _ a beautiful handkerchief.A. have B. has C. there is D. there are20. Between the two rows of trees _the teaching building.A. stand B. stands C. standing D. are21. This pair of shoes _made in Nanjing.A.is B. are C. have been D. had been22. No one except

35、 my parents _anything about it.A. know B. knowsC. is knowing D. have known23. A number of students _from the south.A. are B. is C. have D. has24. The number of students from the north _small.A.are B. is C. have D. has25. Writing stories and articles _what I enjoy most，A.is B. are C. was D. were26. H

36、is Selected Poems _first published in 1965.A.were B. was C. has been D. are27. Miss Smith is a friend of _.A. Marys mothers B. Marys motherC. Mothers of Mary D. Mary mothers28. A good deal of money _spent on books.A. have B. hasC. have been D. has been29. On the wall _ two large portraits.A. hangs B

37、. hang C. hanged D. hanging30. _turn green in spring.A. Leaf B. Leafs C. Leave D. Leaves31. Father went to his doctor for _about his heart trouble.A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices32. All but one _here just now.A. is B. was C. has been D. were33. The number of people invited _fifty， b

38、ut a number of them _absent for different reasons.A. were; was B. was; wasC. was; were D. were; were34. The air in big cities _very dirty by factories.A. are often made B. is often madeC. have often made D. has often made35. Nobody _to smoke in the cinema.A. allows B. allow C. is allowed D. are allo

39、wed36. The Chinese people _hard-working and brave.A. are B. is C. has been D. are being37. _can be done _been done.A. All; have B. All that; haveC. All; has D. All that; has38. John has two brothers， but either _out of work now.A. are B. is C. has D. have39. The police _the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A. is se