小學語法---形容詞和副詞(1)11頁

1、知識要點：一 形容詞、副詞的概念形容詞：我們把用來修飾名詞、代詞的詞稱為形容詞。形容詞主要描述人或者事物的性質、特征和狀態(tài)。副詞：說明事情發(fā)生的時間、地點、原因、方式、等含義的詞，我們稱之為副詞。多用來修飾動詞或整個句子。二 形容詞、副詞的用法1.形容詞一般在句中作定語，放在名詞或代詞前面，都含有“的”意思。如：a nice watch 一只漂亮的手表 an empty box 一個空箱子a clever boy 一個聰明的男孩 a beautiful girl 一個美麗的女孩delicious food 可口的食物 an interesting book 一本有趣的書a blue car 一

2、輛藍色的小汽車 an exciting speech 一次令人興奮的演講注意：形容詞在修飾someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, nobody, nothing等不定代詞時，需要置于其后。如：something important (重要的事情) nothing interesting (沒有什么有趣的)2.形容詞作表語（有些形容詞只能作表語，放在系動詞之后） These flowers are blue. 這些花是藍色的。 Bob looks smart today. 今天鮑勃看上去很精神。 有些形容詞只能作表語，放在

3、系動詞之后, 如：asleep / alike / ill 等 The boy is asleep. Lucy and Lily look alike. Her mother is ill.3.形容詞做賓語補足語，放在賓語之后(常用動詞有make / paint / keep / find / want / like等后接名詞或代詞作賓語，再接形容詞做賓語補足語，補充說明 賓語的狀態(tài)、特征等。We must keep our classroom clean.Do you like your tea weak or strong?The boy was beaten black and blue

4、.4.形容詞與表示“長、寬、高、重、老、距離”的詞連用時，常放在后面。 Tom is 1.7 meters tall. My father is 30 years old. The school is 100 meters away.5.副詞多用來修飾動詞，可以放在句子的前面、中間、或最后。1時間soon / now / only /finally / onceearly / late / before / after 5頻度always / often / never / seldom2地點here / nearby / outside / above6疑問how / where / whe

5、n / why3方式Badly / quietly / fast / slowly7連接how / when / where / why / whether4程度nearly / very / quite / rather8關系when / where / why They live happily. (happily快樂地，幸福地，修飾動詞live) They are listening to the teacher carefully. (carefully 認真地，修飾動詞listen) Dont speak loudly in class. (loudly 大聲地，修飾動詞speak)

6、 注意：聯(lián)系動詞不用副詞修飾，直接加形容詞作表語。聯(lián)系動詞有feel / smell / ge t / become / turn / sound / look等） Her face became pale. 他的臉色變得蒼白。 The fish smells terrible . 這條魚難聞極了。 The food tastes delicious. 這食物嘗起來很可口。 This cloth feels soft. 這批布讓人感覺很柔軟。 6.部分形容詞加-ly可以變成副詞。如： 形容詞 副詞 quick+ly quickly slow+ly slowly quiet+ly quietly

7、 happy+ly happily careful+ly carefully 注意：并不是以ly結尾的單詞都是副詞，名詞+ly可變成形容詞。如： 名詞 形容詞 friend + ly friendly 朋友般的 love + ly lovely 可愛的 sister + ly sisterly 姐妹般的 brother +ly brotherly 兄弟般的 father + ly fatherly 父親般的 mother + ly motherly 母親般的有些名詞+y可以變成形容詞。如： 名詞 形容詞rain + y rainy 下雨的 snow + y snowy 下雪的 cloud +

8、y cloudy 陰天的 salt + y salty 咸的 sand + y sandy 有沙的 fog + y foggy 霧的 wind + y windy 有風的三 形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級的構成規(guī)則大多數(shù)形容詞、副詞都有等級的變化，表示“比更”或“最”。形容詞用來表示物的等級差別一般有原級、比較級和最高級三種形式。如：tall-taller-tallest ; little-less-least ; fast-faster-fastest1. 一般情況下，直接在原詞后加-er， 或加-est如：quick-quicker-quickest slow-slower-slowestc

9、lever-cleverer-cleverest high-higher-highestlow-lower-lowest fast-faster-fastest 2.以不發(fā)音的e結尾的單音節(jié)詞，比較級在原詞后加-r，最高級在原詞后加-st如：nice-nicer-nicest large-larger-largest white-whiter-whitest safe-safer-safest3.以輔音字母加y結尾的雙音節(jié)詞，變y為i, 再加-er或-est.如：heavy-heavier-heaviest easy-easier-easiest early-earlier-ealiest h

10、appy-happier-happiest4.重讀閉音節(jié)結尾的形容詞或副詞，要雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-er或-est如：fat-fatter-fattest red-redder-reddestthin-thinner-thinnest wet-wetter-wettestbig-bigger-biggest hot-hotter-hottest5.部分雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)詞要在原詞前面加more或most. 如：beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful useful-more useful-most useful delicious-more delicio

11、us-most delicious defferent-more different-most different difficult-more difficult-most difficult carefully-more carefully-most carefully 不規(guī)則變化： good/well-better-best bad-worse-worst many/much-more-most little-less-least far-farther-farthest (指距離的遠近)far-further-furthest （表示程度上更進步)old-older-oldest (表

12、示年紀大)old-elder-eldest (表示長幼關系)四 形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級的用法1. 形容詞、副詞的比較級經(jīng)常用于兩個同類的人或事物的比較，比較對象用than來連接。基本結構是：“主語+謂語（系動詞+形容詞/副詞比較級+than+對比成分Your jacket is longer than mine.She is cleverer than the other girls in the class.The room is smaller than the earth.The box is heavier than that one.This story is more int

13、eresting than that one.The weather in our hometown is warmer than that in Beijing.注意：much / rather / far / a bit / a little / even 這些詞常用來修飾比較級。如He is much taller than Peter.Lily is a little thinner than Lucy.My mother is far nicer than my aunt. 2.形容詞或副詞的最高級用于三者三者以上的人或物的比較，表示人或事物在某個范圍內(nèi)“最”形容詞最高級前要用the

14、，副詞最高級前面的the可以省去。如： He runs (the) fastest in his class. 他在班上跑的最快。 Yao Ming is the tallest in Chinese basketball team. 姚明在中國籃球隊里最高。 注意：asas表示同級比較，兩個as中間用原級 Lily is as tall as Lucy. Lesson One is as interesting as Lesson Two. 第二課和第一課一樣有趣。 not as/soas表示否定，表示前者不如后者（soas不能用于肯定） Mike is not as clever as T

15、om. 麥克不如湯姆聰明。 He is not so tall as his sister. 他沒有姐姐長得高。 注意：1.“one of the + 最高級+名詞（復數(shù)）”整個短語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。如：One of the cleverest students in China will visit our school. 2.“比較級+and+比較級”“表示越來越”如：He works harder and harder. 3. more + 形容詞、副詞 表示前者比后者更 less + 形容詞、副詞 表示前者不如后者4.the + 比較級+；the + 比較級 + 表示越就越

16、 如：The earlier you come, the more you get. 來得越早，收獲越多。 5.“which / who+動詞+比較級/最高級+”句型中，如果后面有兩個選項，則用比較級；若有三個選項，則用最高級。 如：Who studies harder, Tom or Pat? Who studies the best, Ann, Tom or Peter?Practice:一 寫出下列形容詞的反義詞1.fat_2.small_3.light_4.long_5.young_6.good_7.weak_8.cold_9.sad_10.near_11.fast_12.up_13.

17、late_14new_15.warm_16.high_17.same_18.black_19.expensive_二按要求寫出下列單詞的比較級和最高級 1.good_ _2.thin_ _3.heavy_ _ 4.happy_ _5.bad_ _6.little_ _ 7.far_ _8.careful_ _9.slow_ _ 10.well_ _11.low_ _12. hot_ _三根據(jù)句意，用所給形容詞或副詞的正確形式填空1.Winter is _(cold) season of the year.2.Jim works_(hard), but his brother works_(ha

18、rd) than him.3.This radio is not so_(cheap) as that one.4.Its much_(hot) today than yesterday.5.Please listen to me_(careful).6.I like getting up_(early).7.Mr Smith is the_(rich) man in this office.8.Things are getting_(bad) and_(bad).9.It smells_(terrible).10.The higher you climb, the _(cold) it wi

19、ll be.11.This match is _(exciting) of the three.12.My mother is the _(busy) in my family.13.Beijing is one of the_(beautiful) city in China.14.This book is _(interesting) than that book.15.Li Pings home is _(far) from the school in our class.16.Which goes_(quick), the bus or the car?17. I can swim a

20、s_( fast ) as the fish, I think.18. Look! His hands are_( big ) than mine.19. I think you do these things_( well ) than your classmates.20. Whose bag is_( heavy ), yours or mine?21. Does Jim run as_( slow ) as David? Yes, but Mike runs _ ( slow ) than them.22. You have seven books, but I have_( many

21、 ) than you. I have ten.23. I jump_( far ) than some of the boys in my class.24.Im very_( thin ), but shes_( thin ) than me.25. It gets_and_( warm ) when spring comes here.26. The child doesnt_(write) as _(fast) as the students.27. My eyes are _(big) than _ (she).28. My brother is two years _(old) t

22、han me.四單項選擇題1. Which subject do you like_, maths or English? A.good B.better C.well D.best2.This red rose is _of all flowers. A.beautifuler B.much more beautiful C.the most beautiful D.beautiful3.My book is newer than_. A.he B.his C.our D.we4.He is_student in his class. A.good B.better C.the best D

23、.best5.Look! The bee_than the bird. A.fly higher B.is flying higher C.as high as D.flies higher6.His hens are _and fat. A.big B.bigger C.biggest D.the biggest7.She knows_about history than most people. A.more B.much C.most D.many8.It was really an_story. A.afraid B.excited C.exciting D.worried9.Whic

24、h city is _from here, Beijing or Shanghai? A.far B.farther C.farthest D.the farthest10.This building is _that tree. A.so tall as B.as tall as C.so tall as D.as taller as 五翻譯句子：1.誰比Jim年紀大？是你。 _ is _than Jim？ _ are.2.誰比David更強壯？是Gao Shan. _ _ than David? Gao Shan _.3.誰的鉛筆更長，他的還是她的？我想是她的。 _ pencil is _

25、,_or_？_is, I think.4.誰的蘋果更重，你的姐姐的還是你的弟弟的？ 我的弟弟的。 _ apples _ _, your _ or your _? My _ _.5.你和你的叔叔一樣高嗎？是的。 _ _as _as your uncle? Yes, I am.6.他和他的朋友Jim一樣年輕。 He _ as _ as _ _ Jim.7.她和她的雙胞胎哥哥一樣胖嗎？不，她比他瘦。 _ _ as _ as_ twin _? No, _ _ than him.8.Yang Ling每天睡得比SuYang晚。 Yang Ling _ to _ _ than Su Yang every day.9.我跳得和Mike一樣遠。 I _ as _ as Mike.10.Tom比你跑得快嗎？不是的,他和我跑得一樣快。 _ Tom _ _ than you? No, he _. He_ as_ as_.11.多做運動，你會更強壯。 _ more exercise, youll _ _ soon.12.我的科學很好，但是語文不好。 I _ _ at Science. But I dont _ well in Chinese.13. 你放風箏比王兵放得高嗎？不，我比他放得低。 _you_the kite_than Wang bing? No,I_it _than_.