被動語態(tài)講解

1、被動語態(tài)講解、總述：英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)，即主動語態(tài)(The Active Voice)和被動語態(tài)(The PassiveVoice).主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。They will build a new bridge over the river. (主動)A new bridge will be built over the river. (被動)漢語中常用 “被”、“給”、 “由”、 “受”等詞用來表示被動，而英語用：助動詞 be + 及物動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。二、被動語態(tài)的形式1) 常用時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：被動語態(tài)的基本形式為助動詞 be + 及物動

2、詞的過去分詞，即 be done。被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化主要體現(xiàn)在be的變化上，其形式與系動詞 be的變化形式完全一樣。以give為例，列表如下：一般現(xiàn)在時：am / is / are + given一般過去時：was / were +given一般將來時：shall / will +be+ given過去進行時：was / were + being + given現(xiàn)在進行時：am / is / are + being + given過去完成時：had + been + given現(xiàn)在完成時：have / has + been + given將來完成時：shall / will + h

3、ave been + given過去將來時：should / would +be+ given現(xiàn)在完成進行時： have/has been being done 含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：情態(tài)動詞 be done 注被動語態(tài)沒有將來進行時和過去將來進行時。2）被動語態(tài)的否定式 :在第一個助動詞后加 not 構(gòu)成。Russia n is not taught in our schoc我 們學校不教俄語。3）被動語態(tài)的疑問式：把第一個助動詞提到主語之前 ,句尾加問號構(gòu)成Were many trees pla nted on the hill yesterday天 山上種了許多樹嗎？ How much

4、money was stole n in a一 共被偷了多少錢？三、被動語態(tài)使用范圍 誰做的動作不知道，說出誰做的沒必要。 動作承受者需強調(diào)，用被動語態(tài)莫忘了。1. Some stamps were stolen last week.2. The PRC was founded on October 1, 1949.3. Football is played in most middle schools.四、主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換1主語+謂語+賓語 練習：將下列各句改為被動語態(tài)。1. He plants trees in spring.2. Tom will clean the room t

5、omorrow.3. They make shoes in that factory.4. They bought ten computers last term5. Amy can take good care of Gina 6. We are painting the rooms.7. The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible.8. They will send cars abroad by sea.9. Some one has told methe sports meet ing might be

6、put off.10. When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets.主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)口訣：賓語提前主語變，原主變賓by后見，時態(tài)人稱be關鍵。注意：把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，其謂語動詞的時態(tài)要與原句時態(tài)保持一致， 其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。We have bought a new computer.A new computerbee n bought.2.主語+謂語+間接賓語(sb.)+直接賓語(sth.)My uncle gave me a prese nt on my birth

7、day.I was give n a prese nt on my birthday.A prese nt was give n to me yesterday.注意：一般在下列動詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞to,如：bring, give, han d, le nd, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach等tell一般在下列動詞后，間接賓語前用介詞for,女口： build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do,fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, pl

8、ay, sin等。練習1：將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。1) The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.2) My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.練習2：在橫線上填for或者to.1) Mother made me a new skirt. (A new skirt was mademe.)2) The meat was cookedus.3) My bike was lent her.4) Some country music was played us.5) The cup with mix

9、ture was showed the class.注意：有些既不用 to 也不用 for, 根據(jù)動詞與介詞的搭配關系。He asked me a question. (A question was asked of me. )People all over the world know the Great Wall.The Great Wall is known to people all over the world不用 by 短語)3. 主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語帶復合賓語 (賓語+ 賓補)的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時， 一般把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語改為 主語，而賓語補足語保留在謂語動詞后面。如：W

10、e always keep the classroom clean.f The classroom is always kept clea n.She told us to follow her instructions.fWe were told to follow her instructions.注意：在 see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, fee動詞后作賓語補足語 的動詞不定式都不帶to,但改成被動語態(tài)后都帶to，這時不定式為主語補足語， 也就是說不定式作主語補足語不存在省略 to 的問題。We often hear

11、him play the guitar.fHe is often heard to play the guitar.注意：帶有復合賓語的句子，如果賓語補足語是名詞，變被動句時，應將賓語變 為主語，不要誤把賓語補足語的名詞作主語。如：Tomatoes were first taken back to Europe anpdeople called them love apples.誤： Love apples were called them.正： They were called love apples.五、下列情況主動句不能改為被動句：第一，感官系動詞一般用主動形式表示被動意義，女口： fe

12、el, look, seem, taste, sou nd,rema in 等。 Do you like the material? Yes, it feels very soft.誤： It is felt very soft.The food tastes delicious.誤： The food is tasted delicious.The pop music sounds beautiful.誤： The pop music is sounded beautiful.第二，謂語是及物動詞 leave, en ter, reach, suit, have, ben efit, lac

13、k, o等n 女口：He entered the room and got his book.誤： The room was entered and his book was got.She had her hand burned.誤： Her hand was had burned.第三，不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，如：rise, h appe n, succeed, rema in,等。When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.誤： The sun had already been risen.After

14、 the earthquake, few houses remained.誤： After the earthquake, few houses were remained.第四，一些不及物動詞短語沒有被動語態(tài)，女口： take place, break out, belong to, loseheart, con sist of, add up t等。如：The fire broke out in the capital building.誤： The fire was broke out in the capital building.第五，賓語是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源賓語，不定式， v

15、-ing 形式及抽象名詞 等，不能變?yōu)楸粍泳渥拥闹髡Z，如：I taught myself English.誤： Myself was taught English.We love each other.誤： Each other is loved.第六、有些動詞既是及物又是不及物，當它們和 well, badly, easily?副詞連用時， 表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能， 是不及物動詞， 用主動表示被動， 這時不用被動語態(tài)， 常見的有： write, read, clean, sell, wash, coc等。如：The cloth washes easily.這布很好洗。The new prod

16、uct sells well. 這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。The pen writes smoothly. 這支筆寫字很流暢。對比：The books sell well.主動句）The books were sold out.被動句）The meat didnt cook well. （主動句 ）The meat was cooked for a long time over low hea被動句）六、特殊句式在漢語中，有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中一般可用被動結(jié)構(gòu)來表示，例如：據(jù)說 It is said that據(jù)報導 It is reported that據(jù)推測It is supposed tha

17、t希望 It is hoped that眾所周知 It is well known that 普遍認為 It is generally considered that 有人建議 It is suggested that 1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.練習：1. 變被動語態(tài)：1. People use knives for cutting things.Knives for cutting t

18、hings.2. The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroomtwice a month.3.1 found the ticket on the floor. on the floor.4.1 told her to return the book in time.She to return the book in time.5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He only two mea

19、ls a day.6. Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers to help them.7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year? at this time last time?8. Must we finish our work today? our work today?10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom to turn on the computer.11.In this factory

20、 women do most of the work.Most of the work by women in this factory.12. He can mend the bike in two days.The bike in two days.13. You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine three times a day.14. The students study German in this school.German by the students in this school.15. Do t

21、hey often talk about this question? this question often about ?2. 在橫線上填寫括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當形式：1)Teenagers should (allow) to go out at night.2)The telephone (invent) by Bell.3) English (speak) in China.4) The car (make) in China.5) The room must (clean) every day.3. 翻譯1) The shirt washes well.2) The shirt is

22、being washed now.3) The door won t lock.4) The shop is closed now.5) The room is filled with smoke.6) It is reported that the big fire has been put out.7) 臺灣屬于中國 .8) 韓寒的書很暢銷 .9) 這錄音機不轉(zhuǎn) .10) 火災是怎樣發(fā)生的 ?11) 這個問題值得討論 .12) 這種布摸起來很柔軟 .4. 選擇正確答案1. When I got to his office, I that he out.A. told, had been B

23、. was told, wasC. had told, was D. was told, had been2. The vegetables didnA. cooked B. were cookedt taste very good. They for too long.C. had cooked D. had been cooked3. The anti-Japanese war in 1937 and it eight years.A. was broken, lastedB. broke out, lastedC. break out, lastedD. broke out, was l

24、asted4. She was heardan English song.A. to sing B. sing C. sang D. to be sang5. These boxes are very heavy _.A. be carried B. carry C. carried D. be carrying6. The police found that the house and a lot of things .A. had been broken into, has been stolen B. has broken into, has been stolenC. had been

25、 broken into, stolenD. has broken into, has stolen7. Coal can to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.A. have used B. used C. be usedD. use8. John has never dreamt of .A. taken to AthensB. taking to AthensC. be taking to AthensD. being taken to Athens9. Nobody likes .A. laughed at B. lau

26、ghing at C. being laughed at D. being laughed10. The bridge will be completed next year.A. built B. being built C. is being built D. building11. It is said that tigers in Asia year after year.A. are being disappearedB. are disappearingC. will be disappeared D. will disappear12. I m going to Wuhan to

27、morrow. Do you have anything to your mother?A. to take B. taken C. to be taken D. taking13. Take it easy. There is nothing .A. to worry B. to be worried C. to be worried about D. to worry about14. Your new computer will soon become outdated, because technology so fast.A. is developedB. is being deve

28、lopedC. has been developed D. will developed15. I won t go to the party unless .A. invited B. being invited C. be invitedD. inviting16. The problem last week is very important.A. was discussed B. discussed C. being discussed D. be discussed17. We should keep the animals from .A. be endangered B. end

29、angering C. being endangered D. endangered18. There are no rivers out of the Dead Sea.A. flowedB. flowingC. being flowedD. be flown19. This place has been destroyed. So there is no bamboo for pandas to feed on.A. left B. leaving C. leave D. be left20. All the preparations for the task , and we are r

30、eady to start.A. completedB. completeC. had been completed D. have been completed 練習題1) It is said that a new robot by him in a few days.A) designed B) has been designedC) will be designedD) will have been designed2) We are late. I expect the film by the time we get to the cinema.A) will already hav

31、e started B) would already have startedC) shall have already started D) has already been started3) She will stop showing off if no notice of her.A) is taken B) takes C) will be taken D) has taken4) Diamond in Brazil in 1971.A) is found B) has been found C) was found D) had been found5) “ Have you mo

32、vedinto the new flat? “ N”ot yet. The room . ”A) has been painted B) is painted C) paints D) is being painted6) My pictures until next Friday.A) wont developB) arent developedC) dont developD) won t be developed7) Tim since he lost his job three weeks ago.A) had been unemployed B) was unemployedC) h

33、as been unemployed D) has unemployed8) A great number of colleges and universities since 1949.A) has been establish B) have been establishedC) have establishedD) had been established9) Ill have to push the car to the side of the road because we if we leave it here.A) would be finedB) will be fined C

34、) will being fined D) will have been fined10) “ two tickets for the new play at the Grand Theatre on Saturday. Shall we go and see it together?A) They have been given B) I have been given C) I am given D) They have given to me11) The subject of these lectures by the lecture committee.A) is announced

35、 B) have been announced C) are announced D) has been announced12) I found an aspirin bottle dropped on the floor of Davids room.A) wasB) hadC) had beenD) is13) The goods when we arrived at the airport.A) were just unloadingB) were just been unloadingC) had just unloadedD) were just being unloaded14)

36、 If one by pride, he will reject useful advice and friendly assistance.A) overcomesB) is overcomeC) has been overcome D) overcome15) Most environment problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them taken in the past.A) was not B) were notC) were not beingD) had not been16) You ought to

37、have put the milk in the refrigerator, now sour.A) I smell B) it is smelt C) it smells D) it is smelling17) After the race, the celebration began.A) had been wonB) is wonC) will be won D)has been won18) He was here for a little while, but I dont know where she now.A) is B) was C) had been D) has bee

38、n18) The young teacher has competent.A) been proved to be B) proved to be C) been proved D) proved being19) Pluto, the outermost planet of the solar system, photographically in March 1930.A) discovered B) was discovered C) by discovery D) when discovered20) To get a better view of the stage, .A)our

39、seats had to be changed B) our seats were changedC) we had to change our seats D) our seats were changed by us22) After synthetic, engineers had a better choice of material.A) created B) has created C) has been created D) had been created23) I think much attention your pronunciation.A) must be paid

40、to B) ought to be paid toC) must pay toD) should be paid to24) Since 1970, millions of enthusiasts Vitamin C, which they believe can remedy the common cold.A) have taken B) have been taken C) have been taking D) have been taking25) I dont remember the chance to try this method.A) having been given B

41、) to have been givenC)having givenD) to have given26) We could ask someone to do the work privately without it.A) know B) be known C) being known D) to be known27) The construction of the laboratory by the end of next month.A) must be completedB) must have been completedC) will be completingD) will

42、have been completing28) They would tell how the African on a ship to an American port.A) was broughtB) could have been broughtC) had been broughtD) was to be brought29) He does not possess a bicycle, this one he uses to Peter.A) is belonged to B) belonged C) belongs D) is belonging30) Negotiation ag

43、ain with Moscow tomorrow, a great event will be discussed then.A) is to be opened B) is on the point of opening C) is going to open D) opens31) The reason for all the changes being made to us yet.A) has not explained B) has not been explainedC) did not explained D) were not explained32) Experiments

44、in the photography of moving objects in both the United States and Europe well before 1900.A) were conductingB)were conductedC) had been conducted D) had conducted33) When he turned the corner, he found himself by a man in black.A) tailed B) been tailed C) was tailed D) had been tailed34) A candidat

45、e for the democratic presidential nomination at this moment.A) is interviewing B) being interviewed C) is being interviewed D) interviewing35) As we approached the work site, the workers were seen the new house.A) building B) build C) built D) to build36) As we know, all the regulations in school .A) must keep to B) must be kept C) must keep D) must be kept up37) The composition any more.A) need not to be corrected B) doesnt need to be corre