簡(jiǎn)單長(zhǎng)句及其翻譯.doc

1、簡(jiǎn)單長(zhǎng)句及其翻譯 在翻譯英文商務(wù)合同中的簡(jiǎn)單長(zhǎng)句時(shí)， 首先要正確理解各種相關(guān)成分的邏輯關(guān)系； 然后再適 當(dāng)切分，理出句子的主干成分， 翻譯時(shí)以句子的主干為主導(dǎo)； 最后再按漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣， 變動(dòng) 語(yǔ)序，重新組合。這樣才能連貫、準(zhǔn)確、清晰地予以表達(dá)。下面舉三個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單長(zhǎng)句翻譯的例子 來(lái)說(shuō)明：1 The Buyers may， within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destination ，lodge a claim against the sellers for short-weight being supported by Inspectio

2、n Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor.這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單長(zhǎng)句，其主干為The Buyers may lodge a claim 。修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的狀語(yǔ)有三個(gè)，a. 分別表示時(shí)間 within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destinationb. 方式 being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor 和c. 目的 for short-weight而且狀語(yǔ)中還有狀語(yǔ)，作定語(yǔ)

3、的分詞 issued 還有自己的狀語(yǔ) by a reputable public surveyor 。眾多狀語(yǔ)， 盡管在英語(yǔ)中的位置十分靈活， 然而按照漢語(yǔ)的行文規(guī)范， 方式狀語(yǔ)一般應(yīng)位于 動(dòng)詞之前；而有些狀語(yǔ)在譯文中可以靈活處理，例如本句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，可以提前至句首。 因此，上句可譯成：貨物抵達(dá)目的港 15 天內(nèi)，買方可以憑有信譽(yù)的公共檢驗(yàn)員出示的檢驗(yàn) 證明向賣方提出短重索賠。2. Within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract， theBuyer shall proceed to pay th

4、e price for the goods to the Seller by opening an irrevocable L/C for the full amount of USD30,000 in favor of the Seller through a bank at export port.此句的主干為 the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price to the Seller ，其中含有一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract。從

5、語(yǔ)用的角度來(lái)看， 商務(wù)合同中許多時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示的是某一締約方必須在何時(shí)何地承擔(dān)某一 義務(wù)和享有某一種權(quán)利， 即時(shí)效性。 因此整個(gè)句子的重心不是句子的動(dòng)詞， 而是發(fā)生動(dòng)作的 時(shí)間。在譯成中文時(shí)， 為了突出行為的時(shí)效性， 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)應(yīng)盡量靠近表示義務(wù)責(zé)任的關(guān)鍵詞 “須”。 此句中還含有一個(gè)較為復(fù)雜的方式狀語(yǔ) by opening an irrevocable L/C ，其中含有三個(gè) 介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)修飾 an irrevocable L/C 。按照漢語(yǔ)的行文規(guī)范，方式狀語(yǔ)一般應(yīng)位于動(dòng) 詞之前。此外， 若動(dòng)詞同時(shí)帶有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，英文的通常順序是方式在前，時(shí)間在后，而 漢語(yǔ)卻正好與之相反，為方式在

6、后，時(shí)間在前。因此本句可譯成：買方須于本合同簽字并生效后 30 天內(nèi)通過出口地銀行開立以賣方為收益人的不可撤銷信用 證支付全部貨款計(jì) 30 000 美元。3. The Equipment and Material shall be carefully and properly packed in the bestand stable condition according to the figures and characteristics of the Equipmentand Material so as to withstand long-distance sea and inland

7、transportation and numerous handlings.此句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)并不復(fù)雜但包含一個(gè)較為復(fù)雜的方式狀語(yǔ)。 從語(yǔ)用特征的角度來(lái)看， 方式狀 語(yǔ)通常都是規(guī)定性的， 其作用是規(guī)定合約方履行某項(xiàng)義務(wù)必須采取的方式或手段， 在合同的 語(yǔ)言環(huán)境下， 即使有關(guān)締約方履行了合同規(guī)定的義務(wù)， 但若其履行義務(wù)的方式與合同規(guī)定的 方式不符，乃構(gòu)成違約。因此，方式狀語(yǔ)的作用通常都是比較重要的。本句可譯成： 設(shè)備和原料須根據(jù)其形狀和特點(diǎn)以完善而牢固的方式精心妥當(dāng)?shù)匕b，包裝須適合于長(zhǎng)途 海、陸運(yùn)輸，能經(jīng)受多次裝卸。并列長(zhǎng)句及其翻譯由于撰寫合同時(shí)不能遺漏任何可能情況， 所以英文商務(wù)合同中往往有大量

8、并列成分。 這些并 列成分包括并列的詞、短語(yǔ)以及從句。從語(yǔ)用角度看，并列的平行結(jié)構(gòu)使合同的句式平衡， 表意完整。 在翻譯由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列單句構(gòu)成的復(fù)雜長(zhǎng)句時(shí)可以采用分句譯法。 并列 長(zhǎng)句的分句之間的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系比較松散，因此翻譯時(shí)可以斷開，分解成單句獨(dú)立存在。例如：The Buyer shall have the right to claim against the Seller for compensation of losses within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination， shouldthe

9、quality of the goods be found not in conformity with the specifications stipulated in the Contract after re-inspection by the China Commodity InspectionBureau and the Buyer shall have the right to claim against the Sellers for compensation of short-weight within 60 days after arrival of the goods at

10、 the port of destination ， should the weight be found not in conformity with that stipulated in the Bill of Lading after re-inspection by the CCIB.此句由兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)相同的并列分句組成， 均為主句在前， 條件狀語(yǔ)在后， 在兩個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)中均 含有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，此外，兩個(gè)并列分句中也都含有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，均為 within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination ，譯成中文時(shí)，條件狀語(yǔ)

11、應(yīng)分別置于主句 之前， 而所有的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)均放在各自修飾的動(dòng)詞的前面。同時(shí)，為了符合漢語(yǔ)句式較短的特點(diǎn)，可以將兩個(gè)并列分句斷開，分解成兩個(gè)單句，即譯成：若貨物經(jīng)中國(guó)商品檢驗(yàn)局復(fù)檢后發(fā)現(xiàn)質(zhì)量與本合同之規(guī)定不符， 買方有權(quán)于貨物抵達(dá)目的港后的 60 天內(nèi)向賣方提出索賠。 若經(jīng)中國(guó)商品檢驗(yàn)局復(fù)檢發(fā)現(xiàn)貨物質(zhì)量與提單所示重量不符， 買方有權(quán)于貨物抵達(dá)目的港后的 60 天內(nèi)向賣方提出短重索賠。In The Mezzanine, the wise and funny novel constructed out of everyday minutiae by Nicholson Baker, one of th

12、e wisest and funniest vignettes takes place in the office bathroom. A senior manager and a visitor are having a serious discussion of a female employee s merits in the men s room and are interrupted by an extremely loud emission from the stall-bound narrator “ a loud, curt fart like the rap of a bon

13、go drum. ” Theetxweocutives pause, just for a moment, and then pick up exactly where they left off as the bongo player tries to stifle his laughter.夾層 ,明智的和有趣的小說(shuō)取材于日?，嵤碌哪峥茽柹惪?一個(gè)明智的和有趣的小插曲發(fā)生在辦公室衛(wèi)生間。高級(jí)經(jīng)理和客人正在嚴(yán)肅討論女性雇員的優(yōu)點(diǎn)在男子的房間,被一個(gè)非常響亮的排放從 stall-bound 旁白”一聲 ,curt 屁喜歡說(shuō)唱的小鼓?！皟晌桓吖芡ｎD , 只是一會(huì)兒 ,然后他們離開哪里停下 ,邦

14、戈球員試圖扼殺他的笑聲。The Mezzanine was published in 1988, and in the quarter century since, offices have made efforts to become more appealing, adding Ping-Pong tables, Wi-Fi, and even farm-to- table cafe unyou hit the bathroom, where almost nothing hass stillchanged. There have been some adjustments owing t

15、o the Americans With Disabilities Act: a wheelchair-accessible toilet, some grab bars, bigger handles on the taps. Perhaps the toilets use a little less water, particularly if the building is going for LEED certification. Apart from those nearly invisible tweaks, it 1988 in there, or even 1958 those

16、 may as well be Don Draper s feet poking under the stall door. Same bank of steel stalls, urinals for the gents, a wall of sinks, tile, overscented pinkish liquid soap. Some guy spending way too much time reading the paper as he sits. And, most of all, the same awkward interactions.夾層于 1988 年出版 ,在四分

17、之一世紀(jì)以來(lái),辦公室努力變得更有吸引力,增加乒乓球桌 ,wi -fi, 甚至從 cafes-until 你浴室 , 那里幾乎什么都沒有改變。有一些調(diào)整由于美國(guó)殘疾人法 案：wheelchair-accessible廁所，抓斗酒吧，更大的處理在水龍頭上。也許廁所用水少，尤其是建筑是 LEED 認(rèn)證。除了那些幾乎看不見的調(diào)整 ,它仍然是 1988 年,甚至 1958 年 這些可能是 Don Draper 的腳戳在攤位門口。 同一家銀行的鋼鐵攤位 ，小便池紳士 ，下沉的墻 ， 磚,overscented粉紅色液體肥皂。 一些人花太多時(shí)間看報(bào)紙他坐。，最重要的是，同樣的尷尬的交互。There are，

18、 to be sure， exceptions. At Derek Lam， the fashion house in New York， the showroom and atelier have sleek， all-black restrooms designed by the architecture firm SO-IL. At some of the Google (GOOG) satellite offices， notably Oslo s， there are single -occupancy bathrooms with psychedelic indigo exteri

19、ors and gold-accented interiors. At Airbnb， a booming San Francisco Web startup that arranges intercity apartment shares， the women s room is outfitted in leopard- print couches and a big, framed inspirational motto ( “ LIFE IS LOVELY ” ). And at LivingSocial, the Washington (D.C.) deals-and-promoti

20、ons company, the offices sport candy colors everywhere, have nifty vintage furnishings, and were designed explicitly (says the architect, a firm called OTJ) to create a fun environment that retains employees. Some of the bathrooms are painted in those same cheery colors, and although spokesman Brend

21、an Lewis stops short of saying employees are shoving each other out of the way to get to the toilets, he allows that the designs are “ part of the inclusive nature ” of LivingSocial s culture.當(dāng)然,例外是存在的。在德里克 ,在紐約時(shí)裝屋 ,展廳和工作室的 ,純黑公司 SO-IL 衛(wèi)生間設(shè)計(jì) 的體系結(jié)構(gòu)。的谷歌 (Google) 衛(wèi)星辦公室 ,尤其是奧斯陸 ,single-occupancy 浴室迷幻靛藍(lán)

22、的外殼和 gold-accented 內(nèi)飾。 Airbnb, 蓬勃發(fā)展的舊金山 Web 啟動(dòng)安排城際公寓股票 , 豹紋的女人的房間了沙發(fā)和一個(gè)陷害鼓舞人心的口號(hào)(“生命是可愛的ingSocia),。華盛頓(特區(qū))deals-and-promotions公司辦公室運(yùn)動(dòng)糖果色彩無(wú)處不在,有漂亮的古董家具,設(shè)計(jì)明確 (架構(gòu)師說(shuō) ,一家名為 OTJ) 來(lái)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)有趣的環(huán)境 ,保留員工。一些浴室都漆成了 這些活潑的顏色，盡管發(fā)言人布倫丹劉易斯站短說(shuō)員工互相推搡的去廁所，他允許,設(shè)計(jì)是“自然包容的一部分Livi ngSocial文化。These are rare deviations from the n

23、orm for one major reason.“ Typically, thebathroom is the responsibility of the landlord, as opposed to the tenant, during the buildout, i says Brad Lynch, principal of the architecture firm Brininstool +Lynch. The owner of the building is getting the rent either waymeaning, Lynchadds, that“ the land

24、lord doesn t want to do anything it doesn t have to. i Asa result, even in many rather chic offices, the bathrooms are purely functional. At One Bryant Park (the extremely glossy Bank of America (BAC) Tower that opened on 42nd Street in New York last year), the bathrooms have complex water-saving pl

25、umbing but are visually unremarkable. At 4 World Trade Center, developer Larry Silverstein s new tower, they re nicely minsimubatlle gray tiledeployedfloor to ceiling, hidden paper towel dispensers but they don t leave you piningto return.Outside of the office, bathrooms are actually having a moment

26、 restaurant designers and hoteliers are obsessed with theirs, and Zagat and other sites judge them online. “ It scurious how the trend really hasn t percolatedinto thecorporate world, i says Carlos Martinez, a principal in the architecture firm Gensler s Chicago office.“Youll find more custom bathro

27、oms in someoneshome, i agrees Florian Idenburg, the architect at SO-IL whose team designed theall- black Derek Lam bathrooms. “ It sa place where people don t want to spend an extensive amount of money and it s also something that needs to beeasy to clean. Some of this is driven, I think, by people

28、wanting to spend the least time cleaning it. i (Wall -mounted toilets, for example, are easy to mop underneath.)In addition, the durable fixtures available for commercial and office bathroomssaysare often less varied than those for the home market. So if you want something distinctive, it s an expensive custom order. “ When we did Derek Lam, Idenburg, “ we wanted some gray, but it s difficult toll tgheet saame colors once you stray from what s available. It sbeen so standardized you know, the biggest American company