英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則變化

1、英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則變化，都幫你整理好了，快來(lái)收了吧！時(shí)態(tài)是中學(xué)階段的重點(diǎn)，也是難點(diǎn)，而與其息息相關(guān)的動(dòng)詞（尤其是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞）的過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞的變化散亂難記，令人頭疼。可仔細(xì)琢磨就不難發(fā)現(xiàn)它們的變化有一定的規(guī)律可循。記憶法一：常見(jiàn)93個(gè)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化規(guī)律歸納如下：一、AAA型，即原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞三者都相同。（共9個(gè)）costcostcostcutcutcuthithithit hurthurthurtletlet letputputputreadreadreadsetsetsetshutshutshut二、ABB型，即過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞相同。（共41個(gè)）1 過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞都含有 -ough

2、t。（3個(gè)）bringbroughtbroughtbuy boughtboughtthinkthoughtthought2 詞尾有-ild，-end時(shí)，只需把d變?yōu)閠。（4個(gè)）buildbuiltbuiltlendlent lentsendsentsentspendspent spent3 過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞都含有 -aught。（2個(gè)）catchcaughtcaughtteachtaughttaught4 把-eep變?yōu)?ept。（3個(gè)）keepkeptkeptsleepsleptsleptsweep sweptswept5 把-ell變?yōu)?old。（2個(gè)）telltoldtoldsellso

3、ldsold6 過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞都含有-elt或-ilt。（4個(gè)）smellsmeltsmeltspellspeltspeltfeelfelt feltspillspiltspilt7 過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞都在原形詞尾加t。（3個(gè)）learnlearntlearntmeanmeantmeantspoilspoiltspoilt8 過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞詞尾是d。（4個(gè)）saysaidsaidpaypaidpaidlaylaidlaidhearheardheard9 改變?cè)糇帜浮＃?1個(gè)）meetmetmetgetgotgotsitsatsatfind foundfoundholdheldheldspi

4、tspatspatshine shoneshonewinwonwonhanghunghungdig dugdugloselostlost10 改變輔音字母。（1個(gè)）makemademade11 改變?cè)?、輔音字母。（4個(gè)）leaveleftleftstandstoodstoodhave（has） hadhadunderstandunderstoodunderstood三、ABC型，即原形、過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞都不相同。（共35個(gè)）1 iau變化。（6個(gè)）beginbeganbegundrinkdrankdrunksing sangsungringrangrungswimswamswumsink sa

5、nksunk2 詞尾為-ow，-aw時(shí)，過(guò)去式將其變?yōu)?ew，過(guò)去分詞在其原形后加n。（5個(gè)）blowblewblowndrawdrewdrawngrow grewgrownknowknewknownthrowthrewthrown（show除外）3 詞尾為“i輔（1個(gè)）e”，過(guò)去式將i變?yōu)閛，過(guò)去分詞多在原形后加n，若那個(gè)輔音字母為d或t，須雙寫d或t后加n。（4個(gè)）（give，hide除外）drivedrovedrivenwritewrotewrittenride roderiddenriseroserisen4 過(guò)去分詞在過(guò)去式后加（e）n。（5個(gè)）breakbrokebrokencho

6、osechosechosenfreezefrozefrozenspeakspokespokenwakewoke woken5 過(guò)去分詞由過(guò)去式加-ten構(gòu)成。（1個(gè)）forgetforgotforgotten6 過(guò)去分詞由原形加（e）n構(gòu)成。（6個(gè)）bewas（were）beeneatateeatenfallfellfallengivegavegivenseesawseenhidehidhidden（hid）7 詞尾為-ake時(shí)，過(guò)去式將其變?yōu)?ook，過(guò)去分詞在原形詞后加-n。（2個(gè)）taketooktakenmistakemistookmistaken8 原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞都不相同。（

7、6個(gè)）dodiddoneflyflewflowngowentgonelielaylainshowshowedshownwearworeworn四、AAB型，即過(guò)去式和原形相同。（1個(gè)）beatbeatbeaten五、ABA型，即過(guò)去分詞和原形相同。（3個(gè)）comecamecomebecomebecamebecomerun ranrun六、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞型，只有原形和過(guò)去式，沒(méi)有過(guò)去分詞。（4個(gè)）cancouldmaymightwillwouldshallshould記憶法二：不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞相對(duì)于規(guī)則動(dòng)詞來(lái)說(shuō)，難記得多，是最難對(duì)付的一類詞。學(xué)生難學(xué)，老師難教。幸好它們不是雜亂無(wú)章的，可根據(jù)其中的一些內(nèi)部規(guī)

8、律來(lái)記憶。下面給大家介紹一種歸納記憶法，以期大家在攻克這一難關(guān)時(shí)，能收到事半功倍的效果。一、 原形、過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞相同：costcuthithurtletputreadshut（細(xì)心的你一定會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些詞中大多數(shù)是以字母t結(jié)尾的。）二、 原形、過(guò)去式相同，過(guò)去分詞不同：beatbeatbeaten三、 原形、過(guò)去分詞相同，過(guò)去式不同：comecamecome becomebecamebecome runranrun（come，become，屬不規(guī)則變化，但welcome屬規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，其過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞為：welcomed，welcomed）四、 過(guò)去式，過(guò)去分詞相同：(1) 去掉字母組合ee中

9、的一個(gè)emeetmetmet feedfedfed(2) 去掉字母組合ee中的一個(gè)e,然后再在詞尾加tfeelfeltfelt sleepsleptsleptkeepkeptkept sweepsweptswept(3) 詞尾為的ll 去掉一個(gè)l加tspellspeltspelt smellsmeltsmelt spillspiltspilt(4) 過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞以aught或 ought結(jié)尾catchcaughtcaught teachtaughttaught bringbroughtbrought buyboughtbought thinkthoughtthought(5) 將stand

10、改為stoodstandstoodstood understandunderstoodunderstood(6) 將ay改為aidlaylaidlaid paypaidpaid saysaidsaid(7) 將d改為tlendlentlent sendsentsentspendspentspent buildbuiltbuilt(8) 將i改為a , o, u等sitsatsat spitspatspat digdugdug winwonwon(9) 將ell改為oldtelltoldtold sellsoldsold(10) 詞尾加tlearnlearntlearnt meanmeantme

11、antdreamdreamtdreamt spoilspoiltspoilt(11) 有兩種過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞, 一種是不規(guī)則的, 一種是規(guī)則的：learnlearntlearnt learnlearnedlearnedshineshoneshone shineshinedshinedhanghunghung hanghangedhangedsmellsmeltsmelt smellsmelledsmelledburn/burnt/burnt burn/burned/burnedlight/lii/lit light/lighted/lighted(12) 其它have（has）hadhad h

12、earheardheardshootshotshot loselostlostholdheldheld getgotgot（AmE gotten）findfoundfound makemademadeleaveleftleft五、三者均不同：(1) 過(guò)去式以ew結(jié)尾、過(guò)去分詞以own結(jié)尾blowblewblown flyflewflowngrowgrewgrown knowknewknownthrowthrewthrown值得注意的是:showshowedshown或showed drawdrewdrawn(2)改i為a變成過(guò)去式、改i為u變成過(guò)去分詞beginbeganbegun drink

13、drankdrunkringrangrung singsangsungswimswamswum sinksanksunk(3)改i為o變成過(guò)去式，過(guò)去分詞以n結(jié)尾drivedrovedriven writewrotewrittenriseroserisen rideroderidden(4) 原形后加n變成過(guò)去分詞drivedrovedriven riseroserisen eatateeaten givegavegiven fallfellfallen(5) 過(guò)去式后加n變成過(guò)去分詞breakbrokebroken choosechosechosenfreezefrozefrozen mis

14、takemistookmistakenstealstolestolen speakspokespoken taketooktaken wakewokewoken（或woke）(6)其它bewas或werebeen dodiddone forgetforgotforgotten gowentgone hidehidhidden seesawseen wearworeworn六、 有兩種過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞，但詞義相同。wakewokewoken （或woke） wakewakedwakedsinksanksunk sinksunksunken七、動(dòng)詞因其過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞有兩種形式而產(chǎn)生不同詞義：sh

15、ine、hang的兩種過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞：shoneshone照耀 shinedshined擦亮hunghung懸掛 hangedhanged絞死八、兩個(gè)既可以做過(guò)去式，又可以做動(dòng)詞原形的詞lie躺臥laylainlying（現(xiàn)在分詞）lay放，下蛋l(fā)aidlaidlayingfind 找到、發(fā)現(xiàn)findfoundfound found 創(chuàng)建，成立 foundfoundedfounded九、根據(jù)動(dòng)詞之間的詞義聯(lián)系來(lái)記憶（一）詞義相對(duì)：(1) comecamecome來(lái) gowentgone去(2) givegavegiven給getgotgot（AmE gotten）獲得(3) sleepsle

16、ptslept睡覺(jué)wakewokewoken （或woke）或wakewakedwaked 醒來(lái)(4) riseroserisen上升、上漲、升起fallfellfallen下降、落下、倒下sinksanksunk sinksunksunken 沉下, (使)下沉(5) buyboughtbought買 sellsoldsold出售, 賣(6) taketooktaken帶去bringbroughtbrought 帶來(lái)(7) teachtaughttaught教learnlearntlearnt或learnlearnedlearned學(xué)習(xí)、學(xué)會(huì)(8) loselostlost丟失、失敗find

17、foundfound找到winwonwon贏得、（獲）勝(9) standstoodstood站、立sitsatsat坐(10) sendsentsent 送、寄、發(fā)送getgotgot獲得、收到（二）詞義相近：(1) beatbeatbeaten 打, 打敗 winwonwon贏得、獲勝(2) understandunderstoodunderstood 懂, 了解knowknewknown 知道, 了解, 認(rèn)識(shí)(3) getgotgot（AmE gotten）變成、成為、變得becomebecamebecome 變成, 成為, 變得gowentgone變成turnturnedturned變

18、成(4) spendspentspent 花費(fèi)、度過(guò)paypaidpaid 支付、交納costcostcost花費(fèi)、價(jià)值為taketooktaken花費(fèi)(5) saysaidsaid說(shuō)、講speakspokespoken說(shuō)、演講telltoldtold 告訴、說(shuō)、吩咐、斷定talktalkedtalked談話, 講, 談?wù)? 議論記憶法三：1無(wú)變化，過(guò)去式與原形相同。 letlet, putput, hithit, mustmust, setset, beatbeat, castcast, costcost, cutcut, hurthurt, readred, shutshut (shedshed splitsplit spreadspread burstburst) 2元音字母的變化。ia: beginbegan, drinkdrank, ringrang, singsang, swimswam, givegave, sitsat, sinksank io: drivedrove, riderode, shineshone, writewrote, riserose, winwon,(strivestrove arisearose) iou: findf