2020年春牛津譯林版英語八年級(jí)下冊(cè)—-Unit3知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理14頁(yè)

1、Unit 3 Online tours3.1 Comic strip & Welcome to the unit1. It looks like a TV它看起來像一臺(tái)電視機(jī)。look在句中是系動(dòng)詞，意為“看起來”，后面常跟形容詞作表語。You look tired.你看上去累了。(1) look like意為“看起來像”，其中l(wèi)ike是介詞，后面常跟名詞。句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：A looks like B，表示“A看起來像B”。Lucy looks like her mother露西看起來像她的母親。(2) look the same意為“看起來一樣”，后面不跟賓語。句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：A and B loo

2、k the same，表示“A和B看起來一樣”。Lucy and Lily look the same.露西和莉莉看上去長(zhǎng)得一樣。2. What do you usually use your computer for? 你通常用電腦干什么？ “Whatfor?”的意思是“為什么？”，相當(dāng)于why。What do you buy the book for? 你買這本書干什么？3. I usually use it to search for information。我通常用它搜索信息。use sth. to do sth.= use sth. for doing sth.用某物做某事used

3、to do sth. 過去常常做某事 be used to doing sth. 被用來做某事 (1) search用作及物動(dòng)詞，后跟“人”時(shí)，意為“搜身”；后跟地點(diǎn)名詞時(shí)，意為“對(duì)某地進(jìn)行搜查”。也可在賓語后加for短語，表示搜查的具體目標(biāo)。The enemy searched the mountain for the Red Army, but they failed.敵人在山上搜尋紅軍，但沒找到。(2) search for意為“尋找”，可視為是searchfor的省略式，此時(shí)search為不及物動(dòng)詞。She searched for her lost cat everywhere，bu

4、t she failed.她到處尋找走失的貓，但沒找到。4. How often do you use your computer for this? 你多久用你的電腦搜索一次信息？how often意為“多久一次”，表示頻率，用來對(duì)usually，every day，twice a day等頻度副詞或狀語進(jìn)行提問。How often do you play football? 你多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間踢一次足球？Every Wednesday afternoon.每周三下午。how long，how often，how soon與how far(1) how long主要有以下兩個(gè)意思：表示多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，主要

5、用來對(duì)一段時(shí)間（如three days，four weeks等）進(jìn)行提問。-How long did he stay here? 他在這兒呆了多久？-About two weeks，大約兩個(gè)星期。表示某東西有多長(zhǎng)。-How long is the river? 這條河有多長(zhǎng)？-About 500 km.大約500千米。(2) how often指每隔多久，主要用來對(duì)頻度副詞或狀語（如once a week，three times a month等）進(jìn)行提問。-How often does he come here? 他（每隔）多久來一次？-Once a month.每月一次。(3) how s

6、oon指再過多久，主要用來對(duì)表示將來的一段時(shí)間如（in an hourin two weeks等）進(jìn)行提問。-How soon will he come back? 他要多久才回來？-In an hour. 一小時(shí)以后。(4) how far表示（距離）多遠(yuǎn)。-How far is it from here to the zoo? 動(dòng)物園離這兒多遠(yuǎn)？-Its 6 kilometres. 大約6千米。3.2 Reading1. Welcome to “Around the World in Eight Hours”.welcome的用法如下：(1)用作感嘆詞(int.)，意為“歡迎（光臨）”。H

7、ello，Tom! Welcome back to China! 你好，湯姆！歡迎回到中國(guó)來！(2)用作動(dòng)詞(vt.)意為歡迎The mayor welcomed the visiting guests at the airport.市長(zhǎng)到機(jī)場(chǎng)歡迎來賓。 (3)用作形容詞受歡迎的；令人愉快的She is a welcome visitor她是個(gè)受歡迎的來賓。被允許的，可隨意使用的You are welcome to stay.我們歡迎你住下。(4)用作名詞，意為“歡迎，款待；歡迎辭”。He received a warm welcome in our school.他在我們學(xué)校受到了熱烈的歡迎

8、。2. Every year, thousands of people gather here on New Years Eve.每年在除夕夜，成千上萬的人聚集在這兒。 (1) thousand意為“一千”，和具體數(shù)字連用時(shí)用單數(shù)形式。two thousand students兩千名學(xué)生（thousand不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式）注意 two thousand of the students學(xué)生中的兩千人several thousand students幾千名學(xué)生 many thousand students教千名學(xué)生(2) thousands of意為“成千上萬的”。Thousands of stud

9、ents visited the Great Wall last year.去年成千上萬的學(xué)生參觀了長(zhǎng)城。【注意】some，several，many可以和thousands of連用。3. In the centre of the island is Central Park. 在島中心是中央公園。in the centre of意為“在的中心”。In the centre of the city，there is a museum.在城市的中心有一個(gè)博物館。4. ., its a good place to relax after a hard days work.經(jīng)過一天的辛勤工作之后，這

10、是一個(gè)很好的放松場(chǎng)所。relax的用法如下：(1)不及物動(dòng)詞放松，輕松，體息Relax，everybody.大家都放松一下。（肌肉等）松弛，放松His muscle relaxed.他的肌肉放松了。(2)及物動(dòng)詞使放松，使輕松，使休息This song relaxes me.這首歌使我心情舒暢。You must not relax your efforts for a moment你一刻也不能松勁。使（身體某部分）松弛，使放松She relaxed her grip and let me go.她松開手把我放了。使（制度、規(guī)則等）變得不嚴(yán)或放寬The judge relaxed the rul

11、es.法官放寬了規(guī)則。hard work與work hard有何區(qū)別？hard work為名詞短語，意為“艱苦的工作”；work hard為動(dòng)詞短語，意為“努力地工作”。This is hard work，but he works hard. 這是一項(xiàng)艱苦的工作，但他干得很賣力。5. When you visit New York, dont miss Broadway.當(dāng)你參觀紐約時(shí)，不要錯(cuò)過百老匯。miss的用法如下：(1) Miss小姐May I help you，Miss?要我?guī)兔?，小姐?2) miss沒趕上；錯(cuò)過He arrived too late and missed the

12、 train他到得太遲，沒有趕上火車。(3) miss避開If you go early，youll miss the traffic.如果你早一點(diǎn)走，就不會(huì)等紅燈。(4) miss想念I(lǐng) really miss my parents in the USA.我真的想念我在美國(guó)的父母。6. It has been famous for its theatres since the early twentieth century.自從20世紀(jì)早期以來，它就因戲院而出名。famous形容詞，意為“出名的”，be famous for意為“因出名”。The city is famous for its

13、 old buildings.這座城市因古老的建筑而出名。be famous for，be famous as與be famous tobe famous for后一般跟事物，表示“因由于而聞名”。China is famous for the Great Wall.中國(guó)因長(zhǎng)城而聞名于世。be famous as后一般跟人或表示職位的名詞，表示“作為而聞名”。Li Mei is famous as a writer.李梅作為作家而出名。be famous to后一般跟人，表示“對(duì)是熟悉的；為所熟知的”。Yao Ming is famous to most young people.銚明為大多數(shù)

14、年輕人所熟知。7. Have you ever heard of the song “Memory”? 你聽說過“Memory”這首歌嗎？ (1)hear作“聽見”講時(shí)，常構(gòu)成下面的句型：hear sb. doing sth.聽見某人正在做某事。I heard him singing when I passed by his room.當(dāng)我路過他的房間時(shí)，我聽見他在唱歌。hear sb. do sth.聽見某人做某事。I heard someone speak in my room just now.剛才我聽到有人在我的房間里說話。(2) hear作“聽說”講時(shí)，后接that從句，that可省

15、略。I heard (that) he comes from Australia.我聽說他來自澳大利亞。8. That sounds great。聽起來不錯(cuò)。sound的用法如下：(1) sound作為名詞，泛指在自然界中人所能聽到的任何聲音，意為“聲音；響聲”，既可作可數(shù)名詞，也可作不可數(shù)名詞。Light travels much faster than sound.光的傳播速度比聲音快得多。(2) sound作為連系動(dòng)詞，意為“聽起來；聽上去（給人以某種印象）”，常接形容詞作表語，還可接名詞、代詞、介詞短語或從句。This piece of music sounds beautiful.這

16、音樂聽起來很關(guān)。Your voice sounds as if you had a bad cold.你的聲音聽起來像患重感冒。(3) sound作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“使一，發(fā)出聲音；發(fā)（音）”；作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“發(fā)聲，響”。The doorbell. sounded門鈴響了。The bell sounds for lunch at-twelve oclock.午餐鈴聲在十二點(diǎn)敲響。3.3 Grammar現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)VS一般過去時(shí)1Simple past tense and present perfect tense -般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有何區(qū)別？(1)一般過去時(shí)表示過

17、去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。說話側(cè)重點(diǎn)只在于陳述一件過去的事情，不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)“現(xiàn)在”產(chǎn)生的影響。He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998年參觀過桂林。（只說明去桂林的時(shí)間）(2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了影響或產(chǎn)生了結(jié)果，不與確定的過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。Jill has bought a new computer.吉爾買了一臺(tái)新電腦。（著重點(diǎn)是現(xiàn)在有了一臺(tái)新電腦）(3)兩種時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成形式上的區(qū)分。一般過去時(shí)的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的謂語基本構(gòu)成是“助動(dòng)詞have/has動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”。The film started at 7 0cl

18、ock.電影在7點(diǎn)鐘開始的。He has been a teacher for many years.他已經(jīng)做教師許多年了。一般過去時(shí)通常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：yesterday，last week，two years ago，just now，in 2002等；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則常與just，already，ever，never等副詞和these days，this week，since，for等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，如對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響等，屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范疇，談?wù)摰氖乾F(xiàn)在的情況。而一般過去時(shí)只表示動(dòng)作在過去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，現(xiàn)在情況可能

19、已發(fā)生變化。Who opened the door?誰開的門？（只強(qiáng)調(diào)過去開門這一動(dòng)作，門現(xiàn)在可能已關(guān)上）Who has opened the door?誰把門開了？（強(qiáng)調(diào)門現(xiàn)在依然還開著）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能與明確的過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：three days ago，last year，yesterday，last Sunday，in 2008等等。如句中有以上這些明確的過去的時(shí)間狀語，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。另外，過去發(fā)生的一個(gè)動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在情況已經(jīng)發(fā)生了變化，也應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。注意 如果這些過去的時(shí)間狀語前面有since，表示“自過去某一時(shí)間一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。He finished re

20、ading the book the day before yesterday.他前天看完了這本書。My cousin has been in Nanjing since 2009.我的堂妹自從2009年就在南京了?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不與when引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句連用，when后面只用一般過去時(shí)表示已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可與where，why等疑問詞連用。When did the train leave? 火車是什么時(shí)候離開的？since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，后面的從句用一般過去時(shí)，只有前面的主句才用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。We have known each other since we came to the

21、 school two years ago.自從兩年前來到學(xué)校我們就互相認(rèn)識(shí)了。有些時(shí)間狀語，如this morning，this month，tonight等，既可以與一般過去時(shí)連用，又可以與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，但內(nèi)涵不同。與一般過去時(shí)連用時(shí)，表示與“現(xiàn)在”無關(guān)，時(shí)間已成為過去。而與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，則包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)。I saw him this morning.我今天早上看到他的。（時(shí)間已不在上午了）I have seen him this morning.我今天早上看到他了。（說話時(shí)間還是上午）He lived in New York for eight years.他曾在紐約住了8年。（他

22、現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在紐約住了）He has lived in New York for eight years.他住在紐約已經(jīng)8年了。（他現(xiàn)在還在紐約居住）2. I have never seen so many wonderful pictures before.以前我從來沒有見過這么多美妙的圖片。so many修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，修飾不可數(shù)名詞用so much。I have so many good friends.我有如此多的好朋友。Why is there so much food today? 今天為什么有如此多的菜？3.4 Integrated skills & Study Skills1.

23、詞組梳理plan a n online tour of Sydney 計(jì)劃一次悉尼的網(wǎng)絡(luò)旅游take you to many different places around the world 帶你去世界很多不同的地方find other information about the city 找到其他信息關(guān)于這個(gè)城市on the north-east coast of Australia 在澳大利亞的東北海岸the Sydney Opera House looks like a ship with many sail 悉尼歌劇院看上去像有很多帆的船on the website ,we saw

24、lots of pictures of Sydney 在網(wǎng)站上，我看到很多圖片關(guān)于悉尼Australian seasons are the opposite of ours. 澳大利亞的季節(jié)和我們的季節(jié)是相反的。Would you mind showing me how to start this online tour你介意想我展示怎么樣開始在線旅游My pleasure = you are welcome 不用謝2. you can also find other information about the city.你也可以發(fā)現(xiàn)有關(guān)這座城市的其他信息。find，find out和disc

25、over區(qū)別(1) find意為“找到；發(fā)現(xiàn)”，指找到或發(fā)現(xiàn)自己所需要的東西或丟失的東西，著重指找到的結(jié)果。They finally found a way.他們終于找到了一個(gè)辦法。(2) find out指經(jīng)過研究或詢問查明某事或真相。Ive found you out at last.我終于把你揭露了。Please find out when the ship sails for New York.請(qǐng)打聽一下那艘船什么時(shí)候開住紐約。(3) discover意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”，表示“偶然”或“經(jīng)過努力”發(fā)現(xiàn)客觀存在的事物、真理或錯(cuò)誤，即指發(fā)現(xiàn)原來客觀存在但不為人所知的事物，也可表示發(fā)現(xiàn)已為人所知事

26、物的新的性質(zhì)或用途。Columbus discovered America in 1492.哥倫布1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲。3. Would you mind showing me how to start this online tour?mind在本句中作動(dòng)詞，意為“介意，反對(duì)”。(1) mind sb. doing sth. /mind ones doing sth. 介意某人做某事。Would you mind my opening the window? Would you mind me opening the window?你介意我打開窗戶嗎？如果回答“不介意”：No, of cou

27、rse not= certainly not.或“go ahead（去做吧）”。如果回答“介意”：Youd better not.(2) mind還可用作名詞，意為“理智，精神；意見；智力；記憶力”。常用短語有：change ones mind改變主意make up ones mind下定決心keep in mind記在心里on ones mind 掛在心上；惦念Whats on your mind? 你在想什么？4. My pleasure.不用謝。 “Its my pleasure.”“My pleasure.”和“With pleasure.”區(qū)別。(1) Its my pleasure

28、.”相當(dāng)于“My pleasure.”，用在做某事之后，意為“沒關(guān)系，不用謝”。-Thanks for helping me! 謝謝你幫助我！-My pleasure. /Its my pleasure.不用謝（沒關(guān)系）。(2) With pleasure.”用在做某事之前，意為“很樂意，愿意效勞”。-Can you give me a glass of water? 你能給我一杯水嗎？-With pleasure.愿意效勞。3.5 Task & Self-assessment1. 詞組梳理an online course 一個(gè)在線的課程order meals 訂餐book tickets a

29、nd hotels 定票和飯店use English in daily communication 在日常交際中用英語introduce the UK to her friends 介紹英國(guó)給她的朋友collect information on the Internet and make a chart 在網(wǎng)上收集信息和做一個(gè)圖表the UK has a long history ,Kings and queens were once rulers 英國(guó)有很長(zhǎng)的歷史，國(guó)王和王后是統(tǒng)治者It is made up of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern

30、Ireland. 它是由英格蘭，蘇格蘭，威爾士和北愛爾蘭構(gòu)成。see swans and other wild birds on the lakes 看到天鵝和其他的野生鳥在湖上The best time to visit the UK is from May to September. 最好的拜訪英國(guó)的時(shí)間是從5月份到9月份2. It is made up of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.它由英格蘭、蘇格蘭、威爾士和北愛爾蘭組成。be made up of意為“由組成”。The team is made up of ten people.這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)由十個(gè)人組成。be made up of的同義短語為consist of。The book is made up of five parts. 這本書由五部分組成=The book consists of five parts.3. Like Chin