非謂語動詞 (5)

1、 非謂語動詞【熱點題型】題型一 非謂語動詞作狀語例1、 (2013山東，29)I stopped the car _ a short break as I was feeling tired. AtakeBtaking Cto take Dtaken【提分秘籍】 1不定式作狀語 不定式作狀語通常表示：(1)原因(多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、樂等的形容詞后)； (2)目的(可用so as to/in order to替換，但so as to一般不可置于句首)； (3)結(jié)果(常表出乎意料的結(jié)果，常為only to do)。 We were very excited to hear the news.

2、(原因) To get there on time I got up very early.(目的) He rushed to school only to find there was nobody there.(結(jié)果)2現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語的區(qū)別 (1)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作與句子主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動關(guān)系。 Not knowing what to do，he went to his parents for help.由于不知怎么辦才好，他去找他父母幫忙。 (2)過去分詞作狀語時，過去分詞所表示的動作與句子主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系。 Given more atte

3、ntion，the trees could have grown better.如果對這些樹多關(guān)心一些，它們本來會長得更好。(3) 部分過去分詞來源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語時不表示被動關(guān)系，其前不用being。這樣的過去分詞及短語常見的有：seated(坐著的)、hidden(躲著)、stationed(駐扎)、lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)、born in(出身于)、dressed in(穿著)、tired of(厭煩了)等。 Lost/Absorbed in deep thought，he didnt hear the sound.3獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語 如果分詞作狀語的邏輯主語不是句

4、子的主語，須在分詞前面加上它自己的主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)叫獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，其作用相當(dāng)于狀語從句；有時也用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(with賓語賓語補足語)作狀語。(1)名詞/主格代詞現(xiàn)在分詞名詞/主格代詞與現(xiàn)在分詞之間是主謂關(guān)系。The girl staring at him(As the girl stared at him)，he didnt know what to say.女孩兩眼望著他，他不知道 說什么好。(2)名詞/主格代詞過去分詞, 名詞/主格代詞與過去分詞之間是動賓關(guān)系。The problems solved(As the problems were solved)，the quality ha

5、s been improved.隨著問題的解決，質(zhì)量已經(jīng)提高了。(3)名詞/主格代詞不定式: 名詞/主格代詞與不定式之間是主謂關(guān)系，且強調(diào)的是一次具體性的動作。He is going to make a model plane，some old parts to help.借助于一些舊零件，他要做一個飛機模型。(4) with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(with賓語賓語補足語)作狀語，是用現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞還是動詞不定式作賓語補足語，關(guān)鍵是看賓語和賓語補足語之間的關(guān)系。With time passing by(time和pass之間為主動關(guān)系)，he almost forgot everything in th

6、e past.隨著時間的流逝，他幾乎忘記了過去所有的事情。He sat on the chair，with his hands tied(hands和tie之間為被動關(guān)系)behind his back.他坐在椅子上，雙手在背后捆著。【舉一反三】(2013安徽，32)_ in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art. ATo found BFounding CFounded DHaving founded 【熱點題型】題型二 非謂語動詞作主語、表語、賓語 例2、(2013浙江，7)_

7、 how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure. AHearing BHear CHaving heard DTo be hearing 1非謂語動詞作主語(1)Laughing helps your body stay healthy and can even help you fight pain.(動名詞作主語)(2)To see is to believe.(不定式作主語)(3)It is important to respect people.(不定式短語作主語，it作形式主語)(4

8、)It is no use crying over spilt milk.(動名詞短語作主語，it作形式主語)2非謂語動詞作表語(1)動名詞作表語時，說明主語的性質(zhì)，回答what引導(dǎo)的問句。(2)不定式作表語時，說明主語尚未發(fā)生的動作或表示將來的動作。3非謂語動詞作賓語非謂語動詞作賓語的主要是不定式和動名詞(1) afford，agree，choose，determine，expect，decide，learn，offer，manage，hope，want，wish，promise，refuse，fail，pretend，happen等動詞后跟不定式作賓語。(2)appreciate，avoi

9、d，bear，consider，dislike，delay，enjoy，escape，finish，hate，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，postpone，resist，risk，stand，suggest等動詞后跟動名詞作賓語。(3)以下動詞后接不定式和動名詞作賓語意義不同。動詞接動名詞作賓語接不定式作賓語remember記得曾做過某事記得要做某事forget忘記曾做過某事忘記要做某事try嘗試做某事努力做某事regret對做過的事表示后悔對要做的事表示遺憾mean意味著做某事企圖(打算)做某事cant help禁不住做某事不能幫助做某事go on繼續(xù)做未

10、完成的事做完一事后，接著做另一件stop中斷正在做的事中斷正在做的事去做別的事【特別提醒】 1動名詞作賓語時，可以帶邏輯主語。此時，邏輯主語可以是物主代詞、人稱代詞的賓格或所有格。Do you mind my/me reading your paper? 你介意我看你的考卷嗎？ 1. _ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad. A. Standing B. To stand C. Stood D. Stand 【熱點題型】題型三 非謂語動詞作定語例3、(2013全國)They might just

11、have a place _ on the writing coursewhy dont you give it a try? Aleave Bleft Cleaving Dto leave【提分秘籍】1不定式作定語表未來的動作且后置，它與所修飾的名詞或不定式代詞存在主謂、動賓或同位關(guān)系。 You are the third one to enter the room.(主謂關(guān)系) I have something important to say.(動賓關(guān)系) He has no opportunity to go abroad.(同位關(guān)系)2動名詞作定語多前置，表示所修飾的事物的性能和用途

12、。 a reading room( a room for reading)3現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表主動和進(jìn)行，可轉(zhuǎn)換為定語從句。 The question being discussed (which is being discussed) now is important.4過去分詞作定語表被動和完成，也可轉(zhuǎn)換為定語從句。 The question discussed(which was discussed) yesterday is important.【舉一反三】 Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _ at the meet

13、ing will influence the future of our company. A. to be made B. being made C. made D. having been made 【熱點題型】題型四 非謂語動詞作賓語補足語例4、(2013陜西，13)Let those in need _ that we will go all out to help them. Ato understand Bunderstand Cunderstanding Dunderstood【提分秘籍】 1advise/allow/ask/beg/expect/encourage/force/

14、get/invite/order/permit/persuade/tell/warn/wish等動詞后面 常用不定式作補語。如： Tell the children not to play on the street. The police warned us not to go out at night.2make/let/have等使役動詞后面用不帶to的不定式作補語，但在被動句中則使用帶to的不定式。如： They make the students do too much homework every day. The students are made to do too much

15、homework every day.3感官動詞后面可用不帶to的不定式或分詞作補語。 從時間上看，不定式表示發(fā)生或完成；現(xiàn)在分詞強調(diào)正在進(jìn)行；過去分詞表示完成。 從邏輯關(guān)系上看，不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞與賓語之間存在著主謂關(guān)系；過去分詞與賓語之間存在著動賓 關(guān)系。如： I saw him cross the street. 我看到他穿過了大街。 I saw him crossing the street. 我看到他正在穿過大街。 I saw him surrounded by a group of students. 我看到一群學(xué)生圍著他。【舉一反三】I looked up and noticed

16、a snake _ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. (2012四川卷 8) A. to wind B. wind C. winding D. wound 【熱點題型】題型五 非謂語動詞的否定式、進(jìn)行式、完成式和被動式例5、(2013重慶，34)The engine just wont start. Something seems _ wrong with it. Ato go Bto have gone Cgoing Dhaving gone【提分秘籍】1非謂語動詞的否定式均是在前面加not。 He pretended not to se

17、e me. I regret not following his advice. Not having tried his best，he failed in the exam.2不定式的進(jìn)行式、完成式和被動式。 當(dāng)謂語動詞表示的動作(情況)發(fā)生時，不定式動作正在進(jìn)行，不定式要用進(jìn)行式。 The boy pretended to be working hard. 當(dāng)不定式的動作在謂語動作發(fā)生時，不定式要用完成式。 I happened to have seen the film. 當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語為不定式動作的承受者時，不定式要用被動式。 The patient asked to be op

18、erated on at once.3動名詞的完成式、被動式、完成被動式和帶有邏輯主語的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。 We remembered having seen the film. He came to the party without being invited. He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. His not knowing English troubled him a lot.4現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式和被動式。 當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的動作早于謂語動作發(fā)生時，現(xiàn)在分詞要用完成式。 Having done hi

19、s homework，he played basketball. 當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語為其動作的承受者時，現(xiàn)在分詞要用被動式。 The problem being discussed is very important. Having been told many times，the naughty boy made the same mistake. 【高考風(fēng)向標(biāo)】 1.（2014安徽卷）32While waiting for the opportunity to get , Henry did his best to perform his duty. A. promote B. prom

20、oted C. promoting D. to promote2.（2014北京卷）25. Last night, there were millions of people _ the opening ceremony live on TV. A.watchB. to watch C. watched D. watching3.（2014北京卷）28. There are still many problems _ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. A. solvingB. solved C. being solved D.to

21、 be solved4.（2014北京卷）35.The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without _. A. recognizing B. being recognized C. having recognized D. having been recognized5.（2014大綱卷）23. Toady there are more airplanes _ more people than ever before in the skies. A. carry B. carrying C. carried

22、 D. to be carrying 6. （2014福建卷）27. the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age. A. Spending B. Spent C. Having spent D. To spend7. （2014福建卷）30. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying_

23、. A. connected B. connecting C. to connect D. to be connected8. （2014湖南）23._your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions. A. Understanding B. to be understood C. Being understoodD. Having understood9. （2014湖南卷）27. There is no greater pl

24、easure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, _at the night sky. A. to stare B. staring C. stared D. having stared10. （2014湖南卷）35.ourselves from the physical and mental tensions，we each need deep thought and inner quietness. A. Having freed B. Freed C. To free D. Freeing11.（2014江蘇卷）29

25、. His lecture_, a lively question-and-answer session followed. A. being given B. having given C. to be given D. having been given12.（2014江蘇卷）35.! Somebody has left the lab door open. Dont look at me. A. Dear me B. Hi, there C. Thank goodness D. Come on13.（2014江西卷）31. _nearly all our money , we could

26、nt afford to stay at a hotel . A. Having spent B. To spent C. Spent D. To have spent14.（2014江西卷）34.He is thought _foolishly .Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job . A. to act B. to have acted C. acting D. having acted15.（2014山東卷）6. There is a note pinned to the door_ when the sho

27、p will open again. A. saying B. says C. said D. having said 16.（2014山東卷）9. Its standard practice for a company like this one_ a security officer. A. employed B. being employed C. to employ D. employs 17.（2014陜西卷）12. Its quite hot today. Do you feel like _ for a swim? A. to go B. going C. go D. havin

28、g gone 18.（2014陜西卷）20. _ the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times. A. Working out B. Worked out C. To work out D. Work out19.（2014四川卷）5. The manager was satisfied to see many new products _ after great effort. A. having developed B. to develop C. developed D. dev

29、elop20.（2014四川卷）7. I hope to take the computer course. Good idea. _ more about it, visit this website. A. To find out B. Finding out C. To be finding out D. Having found out21.（2014天津卷）5. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _ it didnt fit A. to find B. found C. fin

30、ding D. having found22. （2014天津）7. Clearly and thoughtfully_, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. A. writing B. to write C. written D. being written23. （2014浙江卷 ）14. Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse _ to guard her. A.

31、to appoint B. appointing C. appointed D. having appointed24.（2014重慶)The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras _ to our shop for quality problems. A.turning B. returned C. to turn D. to be returned 25.（2014重慶卷 ）11.Group activities will be organized after class _children develop team spirit.

32、 A. helping B. having helped C. helped D. to help26.（2013新課標(biāo)I卷）35. The sunlight is white and blinding, _ hard-edged shadows on the ground. A. throwing B. being thrown C. to throw D. to be thrown27.（2013新課標(biāo)）22. They might just have a place _ on the writing course why dont you give it a try? A. leave

33、B. left C. leaving D. to leave28.（2013新課標(biāo)卷)5.I got to the office earlier that day, the 7:30 train from Paddington. A.caught B. to have caught C. to catch D. having caught29.（2013浙江）19.There are some health problems that, when _in time, can become bigger ones later on. A.not treated B. not being trea

34、ted C. not to be treated D. not having been treated30.（2013浙江）7._how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure. A.Hearing B. Hear C. Having heard D. To be hearing31（2013大綱卷）25.I got to the office earlier that day, the 7:30 train from Paddington. A.caught B. to have caught

35、 C. to catch D. having caught32（2013北京卷)29.When we saw the road with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. A. block B. to block C. blocking D. blocked33（2013北京卷)24. the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level. A. Find B. Finding C. To find D. Found34（2013湖南卷)31. _ warm a

36、t night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it. A. Staying B. Stayed C. To stay D. Stay35.（2013湖南卷)29. You cannot accept an opinion _ to you unless it is based on facts. A. offering B. to offer C. having offeredD. offered36（2013湖南卷)25. The sun began to

37、 rise in the sky, _ the mountain in golden light. A. bathed B. bathing C. to have bathed D. have bathed37.（2013江西卷)34.If _ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once. A. asked B. to ask C. asking D. having asked38.（2013山東卷)33. _ at the cafeteria before, Tina didnt want to eat there again. A. Having eaten B. To eat C