張培基英譯散文《雨前》.doc

1、張培基英譯散文雨前在詞語選擇上多書面化和文學(xué)性的用語。還有使用大量修辭譯文中的不少動(dòng)詞值得我們積累和借鑒。接下來wtt給大家準(zhǔn)備了張培基英譯散文雨前,歡迎大家參考與借鑒。張培基英譯散文雨前雨前PrayingForRainfall何其芳HeQifang|譯文摘自張培基英譯中國(guó)散文選二最后的鴿群帶著低弱的笛聲在微風(fēng)里劃一個(gè)圈子后也消失了。也許是誤認(rèn)這灰暗的凄冷的天空為夜色的來襲或是也預(yù)感到風(fēng)雨的將至遂過早地飛回它們溫暖的木舍。Thelastflockofpigeonshavealsogoneoutofsightafterdoingtheirfinalcirclinginthesoftbreeze,

2、thesoundoftheirwhistlesbarelyaudible.Theyarehasteningbacktotheirwarmwoodendovecoteearlierthanusualperhapsbecausetheyhavemistakenthebleakleadenskyfornightfallorbecauseoftheirpresentimentofastorm.要點(diǎn)：1此題目可譯為BeforetheRain,現(xiàn)按久旱盼甘霖的主題把它譯為prayingfortherain,其中prayingfor的意思是”求“或”祈禱”;2“帶著低弱的笛聲”;譯為thesoundofth

3、eirwhistlesbarelyaudible即”勉強(qiáng)能聽到“或”幾乎聽不到”;譯為faintsoundoftheirwhistle也是可以的張培基中還提供了一種譯法即thesoundofthewhistletrailingoff,但我認(rèn)為不如前兩種確切。3hastentosomeplace意即趕往某地之前見到過4誤認(rèn)為=mistakenfor綜述：本文的妙處在于大量擬人的運(yùn)用。作者托物言志借景抒情流露出不滿現(xiàn)實(shí)的心態(tài)。而擬人體現(xiàn)在翻譯中大部分是通過動(dòng)詞的運(yùn)用,本段還有presentiment等詞也給文章增色不少。幾天的陽光在柳條上撤下的一抹嫩綠被塵土埋掩得有憔悴色了是需要一次洗滌。還有干裂

4、的大地和樹根也早已期待著雨。雨卻遲疑著。Thewillowtwigs,daubedwithalightgreenbyseveraldaysofsunshine,arenowcoveredalloverwiththedustandlooksosicklythattheyneedtobewashed.Andtheperchedsoilandtreerootshavelikewisebeendyingforrainfall.Yettherainisreluctanttoedown.要點(diǎn)：1“幾天的陽光在柳條上撤下的一抹嫩綠被塵土埋掩得有憔悴色了是需要一次洗滌?！?譯為Thewillowtwigs,d

5、aubedwithalightgreenbyseveraldaysofsunshine,arenowcoveredalloverwiththedustandlooksosicklythattheyneedtobewashed.此處作者采取了順譯的方法重點(diǎn)注意譯者對(duì)”灑下“”埋掩”;的處理這句話中的嫩綠也可以直譯為柳條上的枝葉。譯為thelightgreenwillowleavesbroughtonbyseveraldaysofsunshinenow,coveredalloverwithdust,looksosicklyandhenceneedtobewashed.2,期待著=dyingfor,

6、與前文的prayfor相呼應(yīng)與主題相呼應(yīng);遲疑著即“不愿意下”;=bereluctantto綜述：注意譯者對(duì)于細(xì)節(jié)描寫的處理dyingfor,和bereluctantto,生動(dòng)貼切我懷想著故鄉(xiāng)的雷聲和雨聲。那隆隆的有力的搏擊從山谷返響到山谷仿佛春之芽就從凍土里震動(dòng)驚醒而怒茁出來。細(xì)草樣柔的雨絲又以溫存之手撫摸它使它簇生油綠的枝葉而開出紅色的花。這些懷想如鄉(xiāng)愁一樣縈繞得使我憂郁了。我心里的氣候也和這北方大陸一樣缺少雨量一滴溫柔的淚在我枯澀的眼里如遲疑在這陰沉的天空里的雨點(diǎn)久不落下。Icanneverforgetthethunderstormweoftenhadinmyhometown.Overt

7、here,whenevertherumbleofthunderreverberatedacrossthevalley,thebudsofspringwouldseemtosproutfreelyafterbeingdisturbedandrousedupfromtheirslumberinthefrozensoil.Thentenderlystrokedbythesofthandsoffinerain,theywouldputforthbrightgreenleavesandpinkflowers.Itmakesmenostalgicandmelancholytothinkabouttheol

8、dtimesandmymindisasdepressedasthevastexpanseofNorthChinaisthirsty.Atearstandsinmydulleyeand,liketherainlingeringinthemurkysky,isslowtorolldown.要點(diǎn)：1“那隆隆的有力的搏擊從山谷返響到山谷仿佛春之芽就從凍土里震動(dòng)驚醒而怒茁出來?！?譯為Overthere,whenevertherumbleofthunderreverberatedacrossthevalley,thebudsofspringwouldseemtosproutfreelyafterbein

9、gdisturbedandrousedupfromtheirslumberinthefrozensoil.原文中的3個(gè)動(dòng)詞。”振動(dòng)驚醒和怒茁“其實(shí)是遞升的關(guān)系張先生在翻譯時(shí)同時(shí)運(yùn)用了主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)使得原文的遞升意義不復(fù)存在?，F(xiàn)提供另一段譯文。Thosemightycrashesrumbledandreverberatedfrommountainvalleytomountainvalley,asifthenewshootsofspringwereshakinginthefrozengound,awakening,andburstingforthwithaterrifyingvigour.。這

10、段譯文很好地體現(xiàn)了遞升的手法同學(xué)們可以對(duì)比記憶。2”;細(xì)草樣柔的雨絲又以溫存之手撫摸它使它簇生油綠的枝葉而開出紅色的花?！巴怀龅厥褂脮嬲Z或文學(xué)性詞匯也是本文的特色之一加之這句話既有通感又有擬人因此在選詞方面要尤為注意3”;我心里的氣候也和這北方大陸一樣缺少雨量“不宜按字面直譯可理解為”我的心情抑郁和北方大地干旱達(dá)到同樣嚴(yán)重的程度。”;將其比喻的意思翻出來譯為mymindisasdepressedasthevastexpanseofNorthChinaisthirsty.4“久不落下”;漢語的否定結(jié)果比較單純否定詞只有“不”、”;非”、“否”、”;勿”、“別”、”;無”、“未”、”;莫”、“不

11、是”、”;沒有”、“決不”、”;毫無”、“幾乎沒有”、”;幾乎不”等簡(jiǎn)單的詞匯漢語的傳統(tǒng)是傾向于動(dòng)詞否定。而英語的否定除借助詞匯手段外還借助句子結(jié)構(gòu)和特殊表達(dá)方式來表達(dá)否定概念既有動(dòng)詞否定也有名詞否定的習(xí)慣。此處譯者譯為isslowtorolldown,是使用系表結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)了了形式上肯定意義上否定的方法。綜述：注意本段講的否定句的譯法實(shí)際翻譯時(shí)為了符合英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣我們可以“形肯意否”;或采取否定轉(zhuǎn)移的方法白色的鴨也似有一點(diǎn)煩躁了有不潔的顏色的都市的河溝里傳出它們焦急的叫聲。有的還未厭倦那船一樣的徐徐的劃行。有的卻倒插它們的長(zhǎng)頸在水里紅色的蹼趾伸在尾后不停地?fù)鋼糁灾С稚眢w的平衡。不知是在尋找溝

12、底的細(xì)微食物還是貪那深深的水里的寒冷。Whiteduckshavealsobeesomewhatimpatient.Somearesendingoutirritatedquacksfromtheturbidwatersofanurbancreek.Somekeepswimmingleisurelyandtirelesslylikeaslowboat.Somehavetheirlongneckssubmergedheadfirstinthewaterwhilestickinguptheirwebbedfeetbehindtheirtailsandsplashingthemdesperatelys

13、oastokeeptheirbalance.Thereisnoknowingiftheyaresearchingfortinybitsoffoodfromthebottomofthecreekorjustenjoyingthechillofthedeepwater.要點(diǎn)：在處理多層定語句“有不潔的顏色的都市的河溝里傳出它們焦急的叫聲”;是譯者采用了后置定語來翻譯譯為theturbidwatersofanurbancreek2第二個(gè)多層定語句“那船一樣的徐徐的劃行”;譯者巧妙地按其功能處理為了方式狀語swimmingleisurelyandtirelesslylikeaslowboat3“不知是

14、在尋找溝底的細(xì)微食物還是貪那深深的水里的寒冷?！?中的”不知.”=thereisnoknowing.,并且對(duì)于“寒冷”一詞的處理也比較貼切。綜述：漢語定語一般為前置而且很少使用超過兩層以上的多層定語這是漢語的傳統(tǒng)。在英語翻譯語言的影響下現(xiàn)代漢語的多層前置定語已經(jīng)成為普遍現(xiàn)象。與漢語相比英語名詞常常有多層定語限制這些定語或前置或后置或前后合并使用。明白了這些漢英差異做起翻譯也會(huì)稍微得心應(yīng)手。有幾個(gè)已上岸了。在柳樹下來回地作紳士的散步舒息劃行的疲勞。然后參差地站著用嘴細(xì)細(xì)地?fù)崂硭鼈儽轶w白色的羽毛間或又搖動(dòng)身子或撲展著闊翅使那綴在羽毛間的水珠墜落。一個(gè)已修飾完畢的彎曲它的頸到背上長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的紅嘴藏沒在翅膀

15、里靜靜合上它白色的茸毛間的小黑眼仿佛準(zhǔn)備睡眠。可憐的小動(dòng)物你就是這樣做你的夢(mèng)嗎?Someofthemstaggeroutofthewaterand,torelievetheirfatigue,begintosaunterupanddownwithagentleman-likeswaggerintheshadeofthewillowtrees.Then,theystandabouttopreentheirwhiteplumagecarefully.Occasionallytheygivethemselvesasuddenshakeorflaptheirlongwingstoletoffwater

16、dropsfromamongtheirfeathers.Oneofthem,aftergroomingitself,turnsrounditsnecktorestontheback,thenburiesitslongredbeakunderitswingsandquietlyclosesitssmallblackeyestuckedawayamongthewhitefindhair.Apparentlyitisgettingreadytosleep.Poorlittlecreature,isthatthewayyousleep?要點(diǎn)：1”;有幾個(gè)已上岸了。”譯為Someofthemstagge

17、routofthewater其中stagger較e更加可取因根據(jù)Longman詞典swagger一詞作為動(dòng)詞的意思是towalkwithaswingingmovement,asifproud大搖大擺地走;趾高氣揚(yáng)地走;作為名詞的意思是proudmannerofwalking昂首闊步;趾高氣揚(yáng)的走路姿態(tài)。2“然后參差地站著用嘴細(xì)細(xì)地?fù)崂硭鼈儽轶w白色的羽毛間或又搖動(dòng)身子或撲展著闊翅使那綴在羽毛間的水珠墜落?！痹诖俗g者譯為Then,theystandabouttopreentheirwhiteplumagecarefully.Occasionallytheygivethemselvesasudden

18、shakeorflaptheirlongwingstoletoffwaterdropsfromamongtheirfeathers.兩個(gè)分句我們也可以將原句以”;站”、“撫理”、”;搖動(dòng)”、“撲展”等并列動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的一句從語法的角度可以理解為一個(gè)并列句以多動(dòng)詞句的角度理解翻譯譯為Then,standingindisarray,preeningtheirwhiteplumagecarefully,theyoccasionallygavethemselvesasuddenshakeorflaptheirlongwingstoletoffwaterdropsfromamongtheirfeathers

19、.3”;一個(gè)已修飾完畢的彎曲它的頸到背上長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的紅嘴藏沒在翅膀里靜靜合上它白色的茸毛間的小黑眼仿佛準(zhǔn)備睡眠。”譯為Oneofthem,aftergroomingitself,turnsrounditsnecktorestontheback,thenburiesitslongredbeakunderitswingsandquietlyclosesitssmallblackeyestuckedawayamongthewhitefindhair.對(duì)于這種多動(dòng)詞的句子使用現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞是最常用的方法。4“你就是這樣做你的夢(mèng)嗎?”譯者在此將做夢(mèng)譯為sleep個(gè)人覺得dream更好一些綜述：注意本段長(zhǎng)句

20、的綜合技巧有時(shí)對(duì)于參考譯文我們要辯證的看待。我想起故鄉(xiāng)放雛鴨的人了。一大群鵝黃色的雛鴨游牧在溪流間。清淺的水兩岸青青的草一根長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的竹竿在牧人的手里。他的小隊(duì)伍是多么歡欣地發(fā)出啾啁聲又多么馴服地隨著他的竿頭越過一個(gè)田野又一個(gè)山坡!夜來了帳幕似的竹篷撐在地上就是他的家。但這是怎樣遼遠(yuǎn)的想象啊!在這多塵土的國(guó)度里我僅只希望聽見一點(diǎn)樹葉上的雨聲。Thescenerecallstomymindtheducklingraiserinmyhometown.Withalongbamboopoleinhand,hewouldlookafteralargeflockofgosling-yellowduckling

21、smovingaboutonthelimpidwaterofashallowbrookflankedonbothsidesbygreengrass.Howthelittlecreaturesjig-jiggedmerrily!Howtheyobedientlyfollowedthebamboopoletosceroverfieldafterfield,hillsideafterhillside!Whennightfell,theducklingraiserwouldmakehishomeinatent-likebambooshed.Oh,thatissomethingofthedistantp

22、ast!Now,inthisdustycountryofours,whatIyearnforistohearthedrip-dripofrainbeatingagainstleaves.要點(diǎn)：1”;清淺的水兩岸青青的草一根長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的竹竿在牧人的手里”與英語比較起來漢語在表達(dá)思想時(shí)有突出主題而忽略主語的現(xiàn)象。因此對(duì)于無主句我們通常要找主語而主語通常為已知的信息。此處譯者將此句譯為Withalongbamboopoleinhand,hewouldlookafteralargeflockofgosling-yellowducklingsmovingaboutonthelimpidwaterofashal

23、lowbrookflankedonbothsidesbygreengrass.不僅譯出主語還做了變通顯出文學(xué)性但我們?cè)诜g這類句子是一般采用順譯的方法比較保險(xiǎn)。下面兩種譯法供大家參考Agreatswarmofyellowishcraneducklingsfloatedinthestreams,theshallowbluewaterbeneath,thegreengrassonbothbanks,andthelongbamboopoleinthehandsofthetender.Agreatcrowdoflightyellowducklingswouldbetakentothewatersoft

24、hecreek-limpidwater,lushgreengrassonthebanks,andalongbamboostaffintheherdershand.2“他的小隊(duì)伍是多么歡欣地發(fā)出啾啁聲”翻譯擬聲詞時(shí)雖然英語和漢語有很多詞是可以對(duì)應(yīng)的但漢語的擬聲詞作為形容詞而英語的擬聲詞多為動(dòng)詞和名詞。因此我們?cè)诜g的時(shí)候要對(duì)詞性和句形做調(diào)整。”;唧唧叫”可譯為cheep或chirpjig-jig做擬聲詞用到的不多(查完詞典發(fā)現(xiàn)它居然還有些少兒不宜的意思建議大家還是用c開頭的兩個(gè)“這是怎樣遼遠(yuǎn)的想象啊!”可以用how此處用的that同學(xué)們也可以學(xué)習(xí)下譯者使用現(xiàn)在時(shí)翻譯增加描述的生動(dòng)性和現(xiàn)實(shí)感綜述：

25、無主句擬聲詞感嘆句每個(gè)都不能忽略我仰起頭。天空低垂如灰色霧幕落下一些寒冷的碎屑到我臉上。一只遠(yuǎn)來的鷹隼仿佛帶著憤怒對(duì)這沉重的天色的憤怒平張的雙翅不動(dòng)地從天空斜插下幾乎觸到河溝對(duì)岸的土阜而又鼓撲著雙翅作出猛烈的聲響騰上了。那樣巨大的翅使我驚異。我看見了它兩脅間斑白的羽毛。WhenIlookupatagraymistypallofalow-hangingsky,somedustparticlesfeelchillyonmyface.Ahawk,seeminglyirkedbythegloomysky,swoopsdownsidewaysoutofnowhere,withwingswide-spreadandimmovabl