小升初必會(huì)語(yǔ)法

1、小升初必會(huì)語(yǔ)法(1)-go的用法大家都知道單詞go的基本含義是“去”，根據(jù)它的基本用法，我們可以從三個(gè)方面加以總結(jié)。請(qǐng)看：一、go與to一起構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，后接地點(diǎn)名詞，表示“去”。如：go to the playground去操場(chǎng)go to school去上學(xué)go to the park去公園go to Beijing去北京二、go后接表示地點(diǎn)的副詞，表示“去”。如：go there去那兒go home回家三、go后接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式，表示“去做”。如：go shopping去購(gòu)物go swimming去游泳go fishing去釣魚(yú)go hiking去徒步旅行(2)-“out of”用法在

2、下列兩個(gè)句子中，out of的意思截然不同：Is honesty going out of style?Are these just two stories out of many?在“難道誠(chéng)實(shí)正在變得不合時(shí)宜了嗎?”中，out of表示“跟不上”，“脫離”的意思;在“這些僅是許多故事中的兩個(gè)嗎?”一句中，out of表示部分關(guān)系。在短語(yǔ)介詞中，out of表示的意思很多，其用法也頗為復(fù)雜。靈活地、有規(guī)律地掌握其用法，對(duì)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)大有裨益，現(xiàn)將其用法歸納如下：1.表示地點(diǎn)(從里向外)Fish can not live out of water.魚(yú)離開(kāi)了水就不能活。This animal is n

3、ot found out of certain areas in Africa.這種動(dòng)物只在非洲某些地區(qū)有。(在非洲的某些地區(qū)之外，是沒(méi)有這種動(dòng)物的。)This plant is situated only five miles out of the city.那個(gè)工廠離市區(qū)僅五英里。2.表示動(dòng)作或運(yùn)動(dòng)的方向As we pulled out of the garage，I saw the gun pointing against the carwindow.當(dāng)我們把車開(kāi)出車庫(kù)時(shí)，我看見(jiàn)那支槍頂住了車窗玻璃。They walked out of the supermarket.他們走出了超級(jí)市場(chǎng)

4、。3.表示部分關(guān)系This will happen in nine cases out of ten.這種情況十之八九會(huì)發(fā)生。This is but one instance out of many.那只不過(guò)是許多例子中的一個(gè)而已。4.表示“在范圍以外”，“越出界限之外”The ship is out of sight.船已看不見(jiàn)了。They sang out of tune.他們唱得走了調(diào)。This plan is out of the ordinary.這是一個(gè)非凡的計(jì)劃。5.表示“出于動(dòng)機(jī)”，“由于原因”The traffic accident was out of carelessne

5、ss in driving.這起交通事故是由于粗心駕駛所致。The treatment of the topic is out of necessity much condensed.由于需要，關(guān)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題的闡述已大加壓縮。6.表示竭盡和缺乏We are out of tea.我們的茶葉用完了。This book is out of print.這本書(shū)絕版了。That novel is out of stock.那本小說(shuō)脫銷了。7.表示材料或來(lái)源He made the box out of old planks.他用舊木板做了箱子。This paragraph is out of Marxs

6、works in the original.這一段引自馬克思原著。8.與某些動(dòng)詞連用，表示“放棄”，“喪失”He talked his wife out of buying a new bicycle.他說(shuō)服他的妻子不要買(mǎi)新自行車。I couldnt persuade him out of the resolution.我沒(méi)能說(shuō)服他改變決心。另外，out of與其他詞可以構(gòu)成許多非常有用的、常見(jiàn)的固定詞組，這些詞組有：out of accord with(與不一致;同不協(xié)調(diào))， out of action(失去作用，停止運(yùn)動(dòng))，out of all relation to(和毫無(wú)關(guān)系)，out

7、 of balance(失去平衡)，out of breath(上氣不接下氣)，out of character(不相稱，不適當(dāng))，out of control(失去控制)，out of date(過(guò)時(shí))，out of doubt(確定無(wú)疑)，out of fashion(不合時(shí)尚)，out of gear(脫節(jié)，失調(diào))，out of harmony(不和諧)，out of kindness(出于好意)，out of necessity(出于必要)，out oforder(不整齊，次序顛倒)，out of ones power(力所不及)，out of place(不適當(dāng)，不相稱)，out o

8、f question(毫無(wú)疑問(wèn))，out of the question(不可能，成問(wèn)題)out of shape(變形)，out of step(失調(diào)，不同步)，out of sympathy with(出于對(duì)的同情)，out of touch with(與 脫離接觸)，out of true(不誠(chéng)實(shí)，不準(zhǔn)確)，out of work(失業(yè))等。(3)-區(qū)分 where，which，that，who，whose，what的用法用來(lái)說(shuō)明主句中某一名詞或代詞(有時(shí)也可說(shuō)明整個(gè)主句或主句中一部分)而起定語(yǔ)作用的句子叫作定語(yǔ)從句。一.詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1. 關(guān)系代詞用來(lái)指代先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞句

9、子成分 用于限制從句或非限制性從句 只用于限制性從句代替人代替物代替人或物主語(yǔ) Who which that主語(yǔ) Whomwhich that賓語(yǔ) Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which)例1：This is the detective who came from London.例2：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.例3：The desk whose leg is broken is very old.例4：This is the room that Shakespeare was born i

10、n.2.關(guān)系代詞的用法(1) 如果先行詞是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞一般只用that，不用which。例如：All the people that are present burst into tears.(2) 如果先等詞被形容詞最高級(jí)以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用that,不用which, who，或whom。例如：(3) 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，不能用關(guān)系代詞that,作賓語(yǔ)用

11、的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。例如： There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated.(4) which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語(yǔ)，也可以作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，多數(shù)情況下意思是與and this 相似，并可以指人。例如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.(5) that可指

12、人或物，在從句中作表語(yǔ)，(指人作主語(yǔ)時(shí)多用who)僅用于限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。(6) which可作表語(yǔ)，既可指人，以可指物。指人時(shí)，一般指從事某種職業(yè)或是有種特征.品性或才能的人。Which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可以限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。(7) 如果作先作詞的集體名詞著眼于集體的整體，關(guān)系代詞用which;若是指集體中的各個(gè)成員，則用who。(8) 先行詞有兩個(gè)，一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用that。例如：The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.(9) 如果先行詞是anyone, anybody, everyo

13、ne, everybody, someone, somebody,關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用 who 或whom，不用 which。例如：Is there anyone here who will go with you?3. “介詞+關(guān)系代詞“是一個(gè)普遍使用的結(jié)構(gòu)(1) “介詞+關(guān)系代詞“可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句?！敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞“結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，關(guān)系代詞只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。(2) from where為“介詞+關(guān)系副詞“結(jié)構(gòu)，但也可以引導(dǎo)

14、定語(yǔ)從句。例如：We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town.(3) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中一般不宜將介詞與動(dòng)詞分開(kāi)。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.二.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1.關(guān)系副詞也可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞在從句中分別表示時(shí)間.地點(diǎn)或原因。關(guān)系副詞when在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，where 充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，why充當(dāng)原因狀

15、語(yǔ)。2. that可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句表示時(shí)間.地點(diǎn)或原因That有時(shí)可以代替關(guān)系副詞 when, where 或者why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句表示時(shí)間.地點(diǎn)或原因，在 that引導(dǎo)的這種定語(yǔ)從句中，that也可以省去。三.限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句1.二者差異比較限制定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞，同先行詞這間一般不加逗號(hào)，僅修飾先行詞，可以由關(guān)系代詞.關(guān)系副詞或that來(lái)引導(dǎo)。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句僅作補(bǔ)充或說(shuō)明，用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)，既可修飾先行詞，又可修飾整個(gè)主句，不可用that引導(dǎo)。2.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇依據(jù)(1) 弄清代替先行詞的關(guān)系詞在從句中作什么成分,作狀語(yǔ)的應(yīng)選用關(guān)系副詞，作主語(yǔ).賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)的可選用關(guān)

16、系代詞。3.先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句隔離定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后，但定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞之間有時(shí)也會(huì)插入別的成分，構(gòu)成先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句的隔離。例如：1) This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about.2) He was the only person in this country who was invited四.As 在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法1. 引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句(1)as多與such 或the same連用，可以代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。(2)as 也可單獨(dú)使用，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，作用相當(dāng)于which。

17、例如：The elephants nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.(3)the same that與 the same as在意思上是不同的。2.As引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的位置as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句位置較靈活，可以位于主句前面.中間或后面，一般用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)，但which所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后。例如：(1) As is expected, the England team won the football match.(2) The earth runs around the sun, as is known by e

18、veryone.(4)-As的用法 一、作副詞，意為“相同地”，“同樣地”。例如：They dont have as many airplanes. 他們沒(méi)有同樣多的飛機(jī)。二、作連詞，1. 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句as與when，while都是引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞，含義都是當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候。但它們有區(qū)別:(1). when作“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”解，可以指較短的(一點(diǎn))時(shí)間,也可指一段時(shí)間。從句的動(dòng)作可以與主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可以先于主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。例如:John was having his dinner when I saw him. 當(dāng)我看到約翰的時(shí)候，他正在吃飯。She can write only w

19、hen the baby is asleep. 只有嬰兒睡著的時(shí)候，她才能寫(xiě)作。(2). while常表示一段較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間或一個(gè)過(guò)程，強(qiáng)調(diào)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或在從句動(dòng)作過(guò)程中發(fā)生。例如:We must strike while the iron is hot. 要趁熱打鐵。While we were reading, the teacher came in. 我們正在讀書(shū)的時(shí)候，老師走了進(jìn)來(lái)。(3). 但屬下列情形時(shí)，只用as, 而不用when或while。 用于表示同一個(gè)人的兩種動(dòng)作交替進(jìn)行,指“一邊,一邊”。例如:The girl dances as she sings on

20、 the stage.那個(gè)女孩在舞臺(tái)邊唱歌邊跳舞。He looked behind from time to time as he went forward. 當(dāng)他朝前走時(shí)，不時(shí)地向后看。 表示兩個(gè)同步發(fā)展的動(dòng)作或行為,譯為“隨著”。例如:As time went on / by, she became more and more worried. 隨著時(shí)間的流逝，她變得越來(lái)越焦慮。As he grew older, he became more intelligent. 隨著他年齡的增長(zhǎng)，他變得更有才智了。 表示兩個(gè)短促行為或事件幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。例如:I thought of it just

21、as you opened your mouth. 恰好在你開(kāi)口時(shí)，我想到了它。Just as the flying worm hit her face, she gave a loud cry. 恰巧在飛蟲(chóng)撞到她臉上時(shí)，她大哭起來(lái)。2. 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句as，because，since都可以表示因果關(guān)系，連接原因狀語(yǔ)從句，含義是“因?yàn)?，由于”，但它們有區(qū)別：because表示的語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng);as一般放在句首，語(yǔ)氣較弱，較口語(yǔ)化;since常常用在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中，表示多為對(duì)方已知的、或稍加分析便可得知的原因，有時(shí)可譯作“既然”。例如：I do it because I like it. 我做這件事是因?yàn)?/p>

22、我喜歡。Since many of the customers work during the day, Billy has to collect the money at night. 因?yàn)樵S多顧客白天上班,所以畢利只好晚上去收錢(qián)。As she has been ill perhaps shell need some help. 她由于生病可能需要些幫助。3. 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句as與although (或though)，however (或no matter how)等都可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，含義是“雖然，盡管”，但它們有區(qū)別：although語(yǔ)氣稍正式些，可放在句首，也可放在句中，主句中不

23、能再用 but，但可以用yet;as所表示的語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)，引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句用倒裝語(yǔ)序;however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，它的后面可跟形容詞或副詞，也要用倒裝語(yǔ)序。例如：Although they are poor they are happy. 雖然他們很窮，但很快樂(lè)。Angry as he was, he managed to speak calmly. 雖然他很生氣，但是他講話很平靜。However hard the question is, he can answer it. 不管問(wèn)題有多難他都能回答。注意：當(dāng)as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，句子的倒裝語(yǔ)序有以下三種形式：(1). 形容詞或副詞+a

24、s+主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞be或?qū)嵙x動(dòng)詞。例如：Rich as he is, he never spends a cent on clothes. 雖然他很富有，但他從不花一分錢(qián)在衣服上。Much as I admire his courage, I dont think he acted wisely. 我雖然佩服他的勇氣，但我認(rèn)為他這樣做是不聰明的。(2). 名詞+as+主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞be (注意句首的名詞不帶冠詞)。例如：Child as he is, he knows a lot. 盡管他是個(gè)孩子，但懂很多事情。Boy as he was, he was chosen king. 盡管他還是個(gè)

25、孩子，但卻被立為國(guó)王。(3). 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞+as+主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞如果沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞，則要加上一個(gè)do(does或did)。例如：Try as he may, he never succeeds. 盡管他很努力，但總是不成功。Change your mind as you will, you will gain no additional support. 即使你改變主意，你也不會(huì)得到另外的支持。4. 引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“如”，“像”，“按照的方式”。如:I want you to tell my friend your very interesting experience exactly as

26、you have told it to me. 我想讓你像給我講述的那樣，給我的朋友講一講你那段極其有趣的經(jīng)歷。Remember, you must do everything as I do. 記住，你必須按照我做的那樣做一切。注意：like在非正式語(yǔ)體中可以有與as相同的用法。如：I cant sing like I used to.我不能像以前那樣唱歌了。He writes just like his brother did when he was young. 他現(xiàn)在寫(xiě)文章正像他哥哥年輕時(shí)寫(xiě)文章一樣。5. 引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句,用于“as.as.或 not so/ as.as.”中,前一個(gè)

27、as是副詞,后一個(gè)as是連詞，意為“如(不如)一樣”。如:(1). You hate her as much as I (=as I hate her).(2). I dont speak English so/ as well as he does.注意：句中連詞as后面的代詞實(shí)際是省略了與主句相同的部分，即例(1)可以寫(xiě)成You hate her as much as I hate her. 如果很明顯就能看出所省略的部分，意義不會(huì)含糊不清時(shí)，在口語(yǔ)中也可以用代詞的賓格形式。例：At your age you cant expect to play football as well as

28、me (= as I do).但例(1)就不能改I為me，改后意思就變?yōu)椋篩ou hate her as much as you hate me. 你恨她像恨我一樣深;而原句的意思為：你恨她像我恨她一樣深。三、作代詞as作關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，既可以單獨(dú)使用，也可以與其他詞連用，其用法要比that和 which更為復(fù)雜。1. as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句與其他詞連用(1). 用于the same.as結(jié)構(gòu)中This is the same watch as I have lost. 這塊手表跟我丟失的那塊一樣。(2). 用于such.as結(jié)構(gòu)中I dont like such nove

29、ls as you recommend. 我不喜歡你推薦的那些小說(shuō)。(3). 用于so +adj. + a/an + n. (單數(shù)) + as 結(jié)構(gòu)中I am not so strong a man as I was. 我已經(jīng)沒(méi)有從前那么強(qiáng)壯了。2. as單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句as單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，先行詞可以是一個(gè)詞，也可以是一個(gè)句子或短語(yǔ)。例如：(1) She is late, as is often the case. 她遲到了，這是經(jīng)常的事。(先行詞是整個(gè)主句)(2) To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is foolish. 對(duì)事實(shí)

30、視而不見(jiàn)-你們好多人都是如此的愚蠢。(先行詞是不定式短語(yǔ))注意1：(1). 當(dāng)as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句位于具有否定意義的主句之前時(shí)，as從句所修飾的范圍是整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，也就是說(shuō)，把否定意義也包括在內(nèi)。例如：As has been said above, grammar is not a set of dead rules. 正如前面所說(shuō)，語(yǔ)法不是一套死條文。(2). 當(dāng)as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句位于具有否定意義的主句之后時(shí)，as從句所修飾的范圍不包括否定意義。例如：Spiders are not insects, as many people think. = Spiders are not insect

31、s. But many people think they are. 許多人認(rèn)為蜘蛛是昆蟲(chóng)，但蜘蛛并不是昆蟲(chóng)。(3). 當(dāng)as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句位于具有否定意義的主句中間時(shí)，as從句所修飾的范圍也不包括否定意義。例如：She did not, as her friend had feared, open the case. 她沒(méi)有打開(kāi)盒子，而她的朋友就是怕她當(dāng)面打開(kāi)盒子。注意2: 當(dāng)修飾句子的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句位于句尾時(shí)，as可以用which來(lái)替代。例如：I live a long way from work, as (which) you know. 我住得離工作單位很遠(yuǎn)，這你是知道的。但是，當(dāng)a

32、s從句位于句首或句中是，as就不能用which來(lái)替代了。例如：As you will find out, I will never let you down. 你將會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，我絕不會(huì)使你失望的。Taiwan is, as you know, an inseparable part of China. 你們知道，臺(tái)灣是中國(guó)不可分割的一部分。此外，如果主句為否定句，則位于句末和句中的as從句所修飾的范圍并不包括主句的否定意義，此時(shí)，as也不能用while來(lái)替代。例如：Greenland was not a continent, as people thought. 格陵蘭并不像人們所想象的那樣是一個(gè)

33、大陸。四、作介詞，1. 表示 “好像(某人)”，例如:They entered the building disguised as cleaners. 他們化裝成清潔工人的模樣進(jìn)入大樓。2. 表示“作為，當(dāng)作”，例如：I found a job as a teacher. 我找了一份教師的工作。3. 表示“當(dāng)某人是(某身份)時(shí)。例如：As a child, she was sent to three different countries. 她兒時(shí)去過(guò)三個(gè)不同的國(guó)家。4. 表示“因某人是(某身份)”，例如：As her private secretary he has access to al

34、l her correspondence. 他是她的私人秘書(shū)，能接觸到她所有的信件。注意1：as引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)大多用作狀語(yǔ)，as譯為作為，少數(shù)情況可引起賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如:As a Party member, Ill take the lead in everything. (狀語(yǔ))She works as a nurse. (狀語(yǔ))Tom has me as one of his best friends. (引起賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))注意2：as和like都可以作介詞，但意義不同。as表示“以實(shí)際的身份或地位”。 like則表示“與相似，以與相類似的方式”。例如：(1). He spoke as a

35、teacher.(2). He spoke like a teacher.句(1)的意思是：“他作為老師發(fā)言”或“他以老師的身份發(fā)言”。句(2)的意思是：“他講話很像是老師”。五、用于一些固定搭配1. as good as差不多，幾乎Dont worry, the matters as good as settled. 別擔(dān)心，問(wèn)題差不多已經(jīng)解決了。When the car was repaired, it looked as good as new. 這輛汽車修理好的時(shí)候，看起來(lái)差不多就像新的一樣。2. as if /as though 似乎;好像He behaved as if nothi

36、ng had happened. 他裝著若無(wú)其事的樣子。She treats him as though he was her own son. 她待他好像待自己的兒子一樣。另外，as if可以接一個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)。例如：He waved his hand to me as if to have something to tell me. 他向我揮手好像有什么要告訴我。3. as well as 同(一樣也);和;還Joan can speak Chinese as well as English. 瓊能講英語(yǔ)還能講漢語(yǔ)。He spent all his money, as well as w

37、asting his time. 他不僅浪費(fèi)了時(shí)間，還花光了他所有的錢(qián)。4. such.as, such as 像這樣的I bought a lot of fruits, such as apples, oranges, bananas and so on. 我買(mǎi)了許多種水果，像蘋(píng)果，桔子，香蕉等。We had such books as you never saw. 我們有一些你從未看過(guò)的書(shū)。5. as for 至于某人(某事物)We had a delightful weekend in the country. As for the traffic, we had no difficul

38、ty. 在鄉(xiāng)下我們度過(guò)了一個(gè)愉快的周末。至于交通，我們沒(méi)遇到任何困難。6. as to 關(guān)于某事物;提到某事物I dont know anything as to the others. 至于其他，我一無(wú)所知。7. so as to . 以便, 為了Students should take notes so as to make revision easier. 學(xué)生應(yīng)當(dāng)記筆記，以便容易復(fù)習(xí)。8. as a matter of fact 其實(shí);實(shí)際上As a matter of fact, Im very fond of housework. 其實(shí)，我很喜歡做家務(wù)。9. as a result

39、 結(jié)果 (發(fā)生某種情況)As a result， he had been given an excellent job. 結(jié)果，他得到了一份極好的工作。10. as long as 只要You may borrow this book as long as you promise to give it back. 只要你答應(yīng)歸還，你就可以把這書(shū)借走。總之，通過(guò)以上的分析，我們對(duì)as的詞性和用法有了比較全面的理解和把握，才能在實(shí)際的運(yùn)用中做到心中有數(shù)，應(yīng)付自如。鞏固練習(xí)Key: 1-5 CDAAD 6-8 DDD1. She had a tense expression on her face,

40、 _she were expecting trouble.A. even though B. even as C. as though D. now that2. A good many proposals were raised by the delegates, _was to be expected.A. that B. what C. so D. as3. _might be expected, the response to the question was very mixed.A. As B. That C. It D. What4. Americans eat _as they

41、 actually need every day.A. twice as much protein B. twice protein as muchC. twice protein as much D. protein as twice much5. The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasnt bothered by his loudness _by his lack of talent.A. than B. more than C. as D. so much as6. Studies show that the things tha

42、t contribute most to a sense of happiness cannot be bought, _a good family life, friendship and work satisfaction.A. as for B. in view of C. in case of D. such as7. _he works hard, I dont mind when he finishes the experiment.A. As soon as B. So far as C. As well as D. As long as8. _the danger from e

43、nemy action, people had to cope with a severe shortage of food, clothing, fuel and almost everything.A. As long as B. As far as C. As soon as D. As well as高考真題直練Key: 1-5 DACAD 6-10 CCBBC 11-14 BCAB1. It is generally believed that teaching is _it is a science.A. an art much as B. much an art asC. as

44、an art much as D. as much an art as2. She doesnt speak _her friend, but her written work is excellent.A. as well as B. so often as C. so much as D. as good as3. The piano in the other shop will be _, but _.A. cheaper; not as better B. more cheap; not as betterC. cheaper; not as good D. more cheap; n

45、ot as good4. After supper she would sit down by the fire, sometimes for _an hour, thinking of her young and happy days.A. as long as B. as soon as C. as much as D. as many as5. With the help of the German experts, the factory produced _ cars in 1993 as the year before.A. as twice many B. as many as

46、twice C. as twice as many D. twice as many6. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced_ tractors in 1988 as the year before.A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as7. _, he doesnt study well.A. As he is clever B. He is as clever C. Clever as he is D. As

47、clever he is8. _, he was unable to make much progress.A. Hard as he try B. Hard as he tried C. As he tried hard D. He tried hard9. Tom kept quiet about the accident _ lose his job.A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to10. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks

48、 as if it _.A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken11. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. It B. As C. That D. What12. _is known to all, China will be an _and powerful country in 20 or 30 years time.A. That; advancing B. This; advanced C. A

49、s; advanced D. It; advancing13. He doesnt believe _things _ you do.A. the same; as B. the same; with C. as same; as D. as same; with14. _ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing. A. Which B. As C. That D. It (5)-Happen 用法小結(jié)生活中什么事都可能會(huì)“發(fā)生(happen)”。那么，你知道怎樣使用

50、happen這個(gè)詞嗎?下面我們就對(duì)happen的用法作一小結(jié)。happen是不及物動(dòng)詞，它的用法常見(jiàn)的有如下幾種情況：1. 表示“某地(某時(shí))發(fā)生了什么事”，常用“sth.+ happen +地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間”這一結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)，此時(shí)主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是事情。例如：The story happened in 2003. 這個(gè)故事發(fā)生在2003年。An accident happened in that street. 那條街上發(fā)生了一起事故。2. 表示“某人出了某事(常指不好的事)”，要用“sth.+ happen+to sb.”這一結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)。例如：A car accident happened to her t

51、his morning. 今天上午她發(fā)生了交通事故。What happened to you? 你怎么啦?3. 表示“某人碰巧做某事”，要用“sb.+ happen+ to do sth.”這一結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)。例如：I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday. 昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一個(gè)朋友。4. happen表示“碰巧或恰巧發(fā)生某事”時(shí)，還可用“It happens / happened that.”這一結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)。例如：It happened that Brian and Peter were at home th

52、at day. 碰巧那天布萊恩和彼得在家了。It happened that he had to take part in a meeting that afternoon. 碰巧那天下午他不得不參加一個(gè)會(huì)議。注：that從句中的主語(yǔ)是人時(shí)，此種結(jié)構(gòu)可以與“sb.+ happen + to do sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)互換。例如：It happened that Brian and Peter were at home that day. = Brian and Peter happened to be at home that day.小升初必會(huì)語(yǔ)法(6)-call call既可用作動(dòng)詞,又可用作名

53、詞? call用作動(dòng)詞時(shí),既可作及物動(dòng)詞用,也可作不及物動(dòng)詞用?現(xiàn)對(duì)其用法作一簡(jiǎn)單歸納:一. 用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)有以下意義:1. 叫;呼喚;叫來(lái)?例如:Call a doctor at once. 快點(diǎn)叫個(gè)醫(yī)生來(lái)?I called you but you didnt hear me. 我喊你,但你卻沒(méi)聽(tīng)見(jiàn)?Call a taxi for me. 幫我叫輛出租車?2. 稱(某人)為,取名?例如:His friends call him Bob. 他的朋友都叫他鮑勃?3. 認(rèn)為;稱為?例如:We called this a success. 我們認(rèn)為這是一件成功的事?4. 給打電話?例如:I call

54、ed him this morning. 今天早上我給他打了個(gè)電話?5. 邀請(qǐng)?例如:Will you call the family to dinner? 你要邀請(qǐng)那一家來(lái)吃飯嗎?二. call用作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)有以下意義:1. 呼;喊;大叫?例如:She called to me for help. 她向我呼救?2. 訪問(wèn);拜訪?例如:A lady called while you were out. 你不在家的時(shí)候,有個(gè)女士來(lái)訪?3. 要求?例如:Obey when duty calls. 服從工作需要?4. 打電話?例如:He promised to call at noon. 他答應(yīng)中午打電話來(lái)?三. call用作名詞時(shí)有以下意義:1. 呼聲;叫聲?例如:We heard a call for help last night. 昨晚我們聽(tīng)到呼救聲?2. 訪問(wèn)?例如:He made several call