高中英語(yǔ)：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞課件完整版

1、 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 分詞分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式 1.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞： 概述：概述： 2. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞： 在句子中擔(dān)任謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞在句子中擔(dān)任謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞 是動(dòng)詞的特殊形式，在句中可以是動(dòng)詞的特殊形式，在句中可以 作除謂語(yǔ)外的所有成分作除謂語(yǔ)外的所有成分 1 The teachers sitting there are from other schools. 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ) 2 We saw some teachers sitting there. 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 3 We need to be active in class. 賓語(yǔ)賓

2、語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)連系動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞大都可在句中作主非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞大都可在句中作主 語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、 定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等. 4.To see you is glad. =Its glad to see you. 5.I want to see you. 6.I want him to see you. 7.My hope is to see you. 8.He is the man to see you. 9.Im glad to see you. 10.I went to see you. 11.He went so e

3、arly as to see you （作主語(yǔ)）（作主語(yǔ)） (作賓語(yǔ)）作賓語(yǔ)） （作賓補(bǔ)）（作賓補(bǔ)） (作表語(yǔ)）作表語(yǔ)） （作定語(yǔ)）（作定語(yǔ)） （作原因狀語(yǔ)）（作原因狀語(yǔ)） （作目的狀語(yǔ)）（作目的狀語(yǔ)） （作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）（作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)） 12.Swimming is his favourite sport. 13.He enjoys swimming. 14.I found him swimming in the river. 15.His favourite sport is swimming. 16.He is the man swimming in the river just now. 1

4、7. Swimming in Summer ,we can get cool. 動(dòng)詞不定式（動(dòng)詞不定式（The Infinitive） 一一. 動(dòng)詞不定式的基本構(gòu)成：動(dòng)詞不定式的基本構(gòu)成： 由不定式符號(hào)to加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。其否定式由not+不定式構(gòu)成 肯定式：肯定式：to do sth 否定式：否定式：not to do sth. 被動(dòng)式：被動(dòng)式：to be done 完成式：完成式：to have done 二二. 動(dòng)詞不定式的句法作用法動(dòng)詞不定式的句法作用法 動(dòng)詞不定式有副詞，形容詞和動(dòng)詞不定式有副詞，形容詞和 名詞的特征，因此在句中可作名詞的特征，因此在句中可作 主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、

5、表主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表 語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等成份。語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等成份。 動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式 To do that sort of thing is foolish。 I want to see you this evening All you have to do is to finish it quickly. We found a house to live in. She came here to study English. I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ) 定

6、語(yǔ)定語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ) 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ) (1)作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ) 不定式做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以直接放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。不定式做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以直接放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。 To see is to believe Not to get there in time is your fault. 注：注：常用常用it做形式主語(yǔ)，將做形式主語(yǔ)，將to do放在位于放在位于 之后，使句子保持平衡。之后，使句子保持平衡。 句型句型1：It + 謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ) + to do It takes us an hour _ get there by bus. 句型句型2：Its + n. + to do Its our duty _ help the

7、poor. It is a great enjoyment _ spend our holiday in the mountains 句型句型3：It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth. It is + adj + for sb to do sth It is + adj + of sb to do sth （是形容人的品質(zhì)的是形容人的品質(zhì)的 ） （是形容事物的性質(zhì)的是形容事物的性質(zhì)的 ） It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present

8、at your birthday party. It is very kind of you to give me some help. Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that. You are very kind to give me some help. you are impolite to speak to the teacher like that. 常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有： 口訣：想要決定同意，希望許諾選擇口訣：想要決定同意，希望許諾選擇 want, decide, hope, agree, choose, wis

9、h, need ,promise (2)作賓語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ) I want to know this matter. like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, seem, intend, prefer, forget, mean, prepare, pretend, continue, start, afford, hate等等 I dont expect to meet you here. 1).接不定式做賓語(yǔ)接不定式做賓語(yǔ) B. 常跟疑問(wèn)詞常跟疑問(wèn)詞+不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不

10、定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞: tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain know, show, discover, see(understand) He taught us how to use the tool. No one could tell me where to get the book. I hope youll advise me what to do. I dont know how to get there. I havent decided whether to go or stay.

11、1. Boys, dont forget _ the windows before you leave the classroom. A. closingB. closedC. to closingD. to close 2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock. A. to have restedB. restingC. to rest D. rest 4. Remember _ the lights when you leave the office. A. to turn offB. turning off

12、C. turn off D. to turning off (3)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) (與賓語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系實(shí)際上是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系與賓語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系實(shí)際上是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系) 1. Mother told me _ come back before 10 oclock. 2. Ill get someone _ repair the recorder for you. 3. What caused him _ change his mind? 4.I wish you _ come as soon as possible. 5. He asked me _do the work with h

13、im oblige 2).I often hear them (sing) this song. Did you notice anyone (come )in ? I would have him (wait) for me for a long time. Look at the horse jump. 注意：注意： 當(dāng)這類動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)當(dāng)這類動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 時(shí)，時(shí)， 其后的不定式則要加上其后的不定式則要加上“ to” 如：如： He is often heard _ the song He was seen _ the room. to sing to enter 4. it作形式賓

14、語(yǔ)作形式賓語(yǔ) I find/feel to work with him interesting I find/feel it interesting to work with him 注意：注意：不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果還帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，往往不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果還帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，往往 把不定式賓語(yǔ)放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之后，而用把不定式賓語(yǔ)放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之后，而用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。作形式賓語(yǔ)。 Subject+ find/think/feel/make/ consider it +adj/n + to do sth. 1.We thought _ better _ start early. 2.Do

15、 you consider _ better not _ go? 3. I feel _ my duty _ change all that. 4.We think _ important _ obey the law. 5.I know _ impossible _ finish so much homework in a day. 用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，使句子完整、正確用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，使句子完整、正確。 1.Let me _(help) you _ (water) the flowers. 2.Little Sandy would love _(take) to

16、the cinema this evening. 3. Though he often made his deskmate _(cry), today he was made _(cry) by his deskmate. 4. I saw him _ into the small store. A. wentB. goingC. to goD. has gone 5. Tell the boy _ out of the window. A. not to look B. to not lookC. dont lookD. not look help(to)water to take cry

17、to cry 5.I have something to tell you. (不定式作不定式作定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)) ) 不定式與它所修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系不定式與它所修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 Do you have anything to wash today? Do you have anything to be washed today? ( (區(qū)別主被動(dòng)）區(qū)別主被動(dòng)） 不定式用來(lái)說(shuō)明所修飾詞的內(nèi)容不定式用來(lái)說(shuō)明所修飾詞的內(nèi)容 I have no chance to go there. 被修飾詞是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)被修飾詞是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ) She is the last to leave the room.

18、 不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，須加介詞不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，須加介詞 He is looking for a room to live in. 1.The house is not big enough for us all_. A. to live inB. to be lived in C. to live D. for living in 2. Would you please pass me the knife _? A. to cut the fruit withB. to cut the fruit C. cutting the fruitD. cutting the fruit wit

19、h 3.I have something important to say.please find a piece of paper （寫(xiě)上）（寫(xiě)上） 4.Excuse me，could I use your pen for a moment？ I have no pen （寫(xiě)）（寫(xiě)） to write on to write with 動(dòng)詞不定式做定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式做定語(yǔ) 注意：注意： 如果不定式是不及物的，它后面就應(yīng)有必要的介詞。如果不定式是不及物的，它后面就應(yīng)有必要的介詞。 如：如： He is looking for a room to live in Please give me a k

20、nife to cut with (5)作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)表示目的、原因、結(jié)果或條件。表示目的、原因、結(jié)果或條件。 I came here to see you We were very excited to hear the news He hurried to the school to find nobody there . To look at him，you would like him (目的目的) (原因原因) (結(jié)果結(jié)果) (條件條件) 動(dòng)名詞（動(dòng)名詞（gerund） 一一. 動(dòng)名詞的基本構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的基本構(gòu)成 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 一般式doingbeing done 完成式having

21、 donehaving been done 二二. 動(dòng)名詞的性質(zhì)動(dòng)名詞的性質(zhì) 動(dòng)名詞既具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)有具有名詞的特點(diǎn)，具體表現(xiàn)為：動(dòng)名詞既具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)有具有名詞的特點(diǎn)，具體表現(xiàn)為： 1.動(dòng)名詞可以被定冠詞和物主代詞修飾動(dòng)名詞可以被定冠詞和物主代詞修飾 I hope you dont mind my saying it. 2. 動(dòng)名詞可帶有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞可帶有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ) Are you for or against having the meeting. I insisted on leaving at once. 三三.動(dòng)名詞的功用動(dòng)名詞的功用 1.可作主語(yǔ)可作主語(yǔ) Seein

22、g is believing Reading newspapers can increase our knowledge. no use no good no fun Its + a shame + doing a waste of time/money useless dangerous There is no + doing. It is no use crying. It is no good objecting Looking after the patients is a nurses job. Its dangerous playing with fire. Its a waste

23、 of time copying others homework. There is no joking about the matter. 2.可作賓語(yǔ)可作賓語(yǔ) S. + vt.+ doing Have you finished reading the book? I suggest doing it in a different way. 在某些動(dòng)詞后要求用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，不能用不定式，常見(jiàn)的在某些動(dòng)詞后要求用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，不能用不定式，常見(jiàn)的 這類動(dòng)詞有：這類動(dòng)詞有： 避免錯(cuò)過(guò)避免錯(cuò)過(guò) (少) 延期延期 avoid miss delay/postpone 建議完成建議完成 (多) 練習(xí)練習(xí)

24、 suggest / advise finish practise 喜歡想象喜歡想象 禁不住禁不住 enjoy/appreciate/ imagine/ resist/cant help 承認(rèn)承認(rèn) 否定否定 (與) 嫉妒嫉妒 admit deny envy 逃脫逃脫 冒險(xiǎn)冒險(xiǎn) (莫) 原諒原諒 escape / envy /risk /pardon / excuse 忍受忍受 保持保持 (不) 在意在意 stand keep / keep on mind 注：在動(dòng)詞注：在動(dòng)詞advise, allow, advise, allow, forbid(forbid(禁止禁止) )，permitpe

25、rmit（允許）（允許） 等后，如果沒(méi)有人稱賓語(yǔ)，后跟等后，如果沒(méi)有人稱賓語(yǔ)，后跟 動(dòng)名詞；如果有人稱賓語(yǔ)則后跟動(dòng)名詞；如果有人稱賓語(yǔ)則后跟 不定式。例如不定式。例如 We dont allow people to fish here. 我們不準(zhǔn)人們?cè)谶@兒釣魚(yú)。我們不準(zhǔn)人們?cè)谶@兒釣魚(yú)。 People are not allowed to fish here. 人們不準(zhǔn)在這兒釣魚(yú)。人們不準(zhǔn)在這兒釣魚(yú)。 prefer.to. look forward to be used to put off give up S. + keep on + doing succeed in cant help fe

26、el like be busy be worth have difficulty/trouble/problem (in) 作介詞作介詞/短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ):S. + v. + prep. + doing e.g. She sat there without (speak) I look forward to (see) him again. Are you used to (live) there alone? When my father heard the news, he couldnt help (laugh). I dont feel like (go) to see t

27、he film. He was busy (prepare) his lessons. 主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)主動(dòng)表被動(dòng): want (需要) need (需要) require (需要) Sth. + + doing be worth (值得) 使用動(dòng)名詞作賓使用動(dòng)名詞作賓 語(yǔ)時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形語(yǔ)時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形 式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義 to be done 使用不定式作使用不定式作 賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，依然賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，依然 用被動(dòng)形式表用被動(dòng)形式表 達(dá)被動(dòng)含義達(dá)被動(dòng)含義 The room wants (clean). The method needs (improve). This pair of shoes requi

28、re (mend). The problem needs (work out). The question is well worth (discuss) d）動(dòng)詞）動(dòng)詞 “l(fā)ike, love, hate, prefer”后接動(dòng)名詞表示后接動(dòng)名詞表示 “習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作”，后接不定式表示，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具體動(dòng)心理或一次具體動(dòng) 作作”。當(dāng)用在當(dāng)用在 should, would之后時(shí)，只跟不定式之后時(shí)，只跟不定式。例。例 如：如： I like swimming, but I dont like to swim this afternoon. 我喜歡游泳，但今天我不愿去游泳。我喜

29、歡游泳，但今天我不愿去游泳。 What would you like to eat tonight? 你今晚上想吃什么？你今晚上想吃什么？ Stop；forget；try； Mean；go on； Others Examples 五.動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 動(dòng)名詞前可以加一個(gè) 物主代詞或 名詞所有格來(lái)表示 這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主 語(yǔ) ，構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ) 1).物主代詞物主代詞 / 名詞所有格名詞所有格 + 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 在句中作主語(yǔ)在句中作主語(yǔ): Marys coming late made her teacher angry. Do you mind my smoking? Do y

30、ou mind my reading your paper? Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. Roses going wont be of much help. 2).人稱代詞賓格人稱代詞賓格 / 名詞名詞 + 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 在句中作賓語(yǔ)在句中作賓語(yǔ): Im sure of him coming on time. He has never heard of a woman being a pilot. I dont mind Jack (him) going. She hates young people (them)

31、 smoking. 分詞：分詞：Participles 一一 分詞的概述分詞的概述 1. 分詞是分詞是“非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”的另一種形式，它有兩種形式：的另一種形式，它有兩種形式： 現(xiàn)現(xiàn) 在分詞（在分詞（Present Participle）和過(guò)去分詞（）和過(guò)去分詞（Past Participle）。）。 2. 現(xiàn)在分詞：現(xiàn)在分詞：doing 過(guò)去分詞：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞 V+ed 不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞 3.分詞在句中起形容詞和副詞的作用。在句中分詞在句中起形容詞和副詞的作用。在句中 作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)

32、去分詞的區(qū)別： 1.語(yǔ)態(tài)上：語(yǔ)態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng) Do you know the woman talking to Tom? The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor. 2. 時(shí)態(tài)上：時(shí)態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表完成現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表完成 Developing country boiling water Developed country boiled water 二、分詞的作用二、分詞的作用 1、作定語(yǔ)、作定語(yǔ) 分詞作定語(yǔ)有兩種形式。它可以放在被修飾的名詞分詞作定語(yǔ)有兩種

33、形式。它可以放在被修飾的名詞 之前，稱為前置定語(yǔ)。有的放在被修飾的名詞之后，之前，稱為前置定語(yǔ)。有的放在被修飾的名詞之后， 稱為后置定語(yǔ)。稱為后置定語(yǔ)。 （1）前置定語(yǔ)）前置定語(yǔ) He is a promising young man. Make less noise. Theres a sleeping child. We only sell used books. 我們只賣用過(guò)的書(shū)。我們只賣用過(guò)的書(shū)。 （2）后置定語(yǔ)）后置定語(yǔ) The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper.

34、 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作。如果是單詞，放在被修飾的名詞現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作。如果是單詞，放在被修飾的名詞 前；如果是短語(yǔ)，放就放在被修飾的名詞之后。前；如果是短語(yǔ)，放就放在被修飾的名詞之后。 The bridge built last month needs repairing. 上個(gè)月建造的那座橋需要修理。上個(gè)月建造的那座橋需要修理。 （3）分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)必須置于被修飾詞之后，）分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)必須置于被修飾詞之后， 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。如：相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。如： Those who wish to join the club should sign here (Those wishing

35、 to join this club should sign here. ) 想加入本俱樂(lè)部的人在這里簽名。想加入本俱樂(lè)部的人在這里簽名。 The man, who had been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.) 由于被嚴(yán)重困擾，這個(gè)人幾乎失去了記憶。由于被嚴(yán)重困擾，這個(gè)人幾乎失去了記憶。 (The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory. （4）過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)在意義上有兩種可能：表示被動(dòng)和）過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)在意義上有兩種可能：表示被動(dòng)和 完成，只表完成。如

36、：完成，只表完成。如： the question discussed yesterday 昨天討論的問(wèn)題昨天討論的問(wèn)題 （既表示被動(dòng)也表示完成）（既表示被動(dòng)也表示完成） the fallen leaves 落下的樹(shù)葉落下的樹(shù)葉 (只表示完成，不表示被動(dòng)只表示完成，不表示被動(dòng)) 2、作表語(yǔ)、作表語(yǔ) 分詞作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)的某種性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。如：分詞作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)的某種性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。如： She was too frightened to move. 她被嚇得一動(dòng)不動(dòng)。她被嚇得一動(dòng)不動(dòng)。 What you said is really inspiring. 你所說(shuō)的真令從鼓舞。你所說(shuō)的真令從鼓舞。 3、作

37、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 可以跟賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有可以跟賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等詞。等詞。 I saw him walking in the street. 我看見(jiàn)他在街上走。我看見(jiàn)他在街上走。 I heard them singing in the classroom. 我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他們?cè)诮淌依锍?。我?tīng)見(jiàn)他們?cè)诮淌依锍琛?We found the boy sleeping. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)小孩睡著了。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)小孩睡著了。 A）I heard my brother ( singing , sung ) in

38、 the next room B）I heard the song ( singing , sung ) in English . 現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞在作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞在作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 四、作狀語(yǔ)四、作狀語(yǔ) 現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)完成現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)完成 1. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful. 2. (H

39、earing/heard) the bad news, they couldnt help crying. 3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better. 4.I stood by the door, not daring to say a word. 分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 構(gòu)成（以構(gòu)成（以study和和go為例）為例） 及物與不及物動(dòng)詞及物與不及物動(dòng)詞 語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài) 時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài) 類別類別 及及 物物 動(dòng)動(dòng) 詞詞 不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞一般式一般式 studyin

40、g being studied going 完成式完成式 having studied having been studied having going 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞一般式一般式 studied gone 被動(dòng)式：被動(dòng)式： being done 表示一個(gè)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的完成動(dòng)作。表示一個(gè)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的完成動(dòng)作。 1.The building being repaired is our library. 2.The question being discussed is very important. 3. As we approached the village, we saw new houses

41、 being put up. 完成式：完成式：having done 所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的 動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。 Having turned off the radio, he began to go over his lessons. 2. Not having received his fathers letter, he decided to make a call to him. Given more time, we could do it better. 3.由There being +主語(yǔ) 這種結(jié)構(gòu)多表示原因。例如： There b

42、eing a lot of books to read, he often studied till midnight. 因?yàn)橛性S多書(shū)要讀，他經(jīng)常學(xué)習(xí)到深夜。 Thanks a lot! 不定式與動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：不定式與動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別： 關(guān)于邏輯主語(yǔ)的問(wèn)題動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的一般規(guī)關(guān)于邏輯主語(yǔ)的問(wèn)題動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的一般規(guī) 則是：則是： Change the following into the simple sentences. That Peter didnt attend the meeting made it put off. 不定式與動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：不定式與動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：

43、 A: 如果要說(shuō)明不定式表示的動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的， 可以在不定式前加一個(gè)由 for 引起的短語(yǔ)。 B: 下列形容詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式前常加一個(gè) of 引起的短語(yǔ)，這些形容詞是： (表評(píng)價(jià)性的，來(lái)說(shuō)明邏輯主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)，特征，屬性） kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, stupid, foolish, wrong, right, careless, rude, polite,naughty etc. to do 表示具體的動(dòng)作，表示具體的動(dòng)作，-ing form表示泛指的動(dòng)作，通表示泛指的動(dòng)作，通 常常 （3）做表語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)）做表語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞

44、+不定式不定式 1). 其主語(yǔ)多為抽象名詞其主語(yǔ)多為抽象名詞(wish, need) My wish is to be a scientist. The main thing is to keep our room clean. 2).be to do可構(gòu)成將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)可構(gòu)成將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài),表表 “準(zhǔn)備準(zhǔn)備/打算打算/計(jì)劃計(jì)劃/需需 要要”; She is to return next week. It was about to leave when it started to rain. 不定式動(dòng)詞在介詞不定式動(dòng)詞在介詞but，except，besides后面時(shí)，如果這些介后面時(shí)，如果這些介 詞之前有

45、詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式 不帶不帶to，否則要，否則要帶帶to。 She could do nothing but cry What do you like to do besides swim? I have no choice but to go (4)作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ) 不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)， 通常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。通常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。 不定式常和它所修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：不定式常和它所修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如： I have a lot of work to do. Here are

46、some books for you to read. She was the first person to think of the idea. They made a plan to study English . He expressed his wish to visit the Great Wall. 1). 目的狀語(yǔ)目的狀語(yǔ): 可放于句首可放于句首,也可放于句末也可放于句末, 前面可加前面可加in order/so as/soas to表強(qiáng)調(diào)表強(qiáng)調(diào). He went to see the artist himself. He stopped to have a look. He

47、ran so fast as to get to school in time 2). 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ):主要用在主要用在enough to/tooto/only to結(jié)構(gòu)中。結(jié)構(gòu)中。 The question is too difficult to answer. They worked hard enough to finish their work. 3). 原因狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ): 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+adj.+ to do 表表感情的感情的adj.有有: happy, surprised, pleased, glad, sorry, anxious(憂慮憂慮), disappointe

48、d, careful, afraid, wrong. Im very sorry to see you. He was afraid to leave him home 動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 動(dòng)詞不定式保留了動(dòng)詞的一些特征，具有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化，動(dòng)詞不定式保留了動(dòng)詞的一些特征，具有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化， 但是它的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)只有以下幾種，見(jiàn)下表。但是它的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)只有以下幾種，見(jiàn)下表。 語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài) 主 動(dòng) 語(yǔ) 態(tài) 被 動(dòng) 語(yǔ) 態(tài) 一般時(shí) to make to be made 進(jìn)行時(shí) to be making 完成時(shí) to have made to have been made 完成進(jìn)行時(shí) to ha

49、ve been making When I got home, my son happened to be watching TV. 如果不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，要用完成式。如果不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，要用完成式。 She is said to have read thirty novels this year. Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long After graduation, he asked to be sent to work in the countryside. This novel is said to have been translated into French. 選出下面習(xí)題正確答案選出下面習(xí)題正確答案 1 -Im hungry, and I want to eat the cake. -What! it is not good_ A. for eating B. to be eaten C. to eat D.at eating 2 Its important_ and helpful. A. to kind B. be kind C. kind D.to be kind 3.It took Al