(全)常見倒裝現(xiàn)象

1、-作者xxxx-日期xxxx(全)常見倒裝現(xiàn)象【精品文檔】常見倒裝現(xiàn)象歸納(一) 倒裝句簡介 1. 倒裝的定義： 英語句子中有時把謂語的全部或一部分提到主語的前面, 這種語序叫倒裝。2. 倒裝的原因： 1) 語法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要：如there be句型，疑問句等。 e.g. Do you get up early every day ? There are 5000 students in this school . 2) 為了強調(diào)某一個詞或成分： e.g. Never have I seen such an exciting film . Standing outside the classroo

2、m is our headmaster , Mr White . 3) 為了使上下文緊密銜接： e.g. They arrived at an old house , in front of which sat a young boy . Ive finished telling my story . Now comes your turn . 3. 倒裝句出現(xiàn)的場合： 1) 簡單句中 e.g. Only in this way can you work out this problem . 2) 并列句中 e.g. Tom has gone to America and never will

3、 he come back . 3) 復合句中 e.g. He told us that nowhere else could we eat such delicious beef . They arrived at a house , in front of which stood a big tree . 4. 倒裝的類型： 1) 完全倒裝： 把句子的謂語全部提到主語前面。 2) 部分倒裝： 把句子謂語的一部分(如助動詞，系動詞，情態(tài)動詞)提到主語前面。(二) 完全倒裝 1. There be句型屬于完全倒裝： (1) There +系動詞be +主語 e.g. There were a

4、lot of people in the park last Sunday . There is a book , 2 pencils and 4 letters on the desk . (2) There +系動詞seem / remain +主語 e.g. There seems (to be) no point in waiting for him . There remains a lot of doubt about it . (3) There + vi.(live，stand，lie，exist，happen，appear ，etc.) +主語 e.g. There live

5、d an old man in this old house 3 years ago . There exist some serious problems in our society . There appeared a red sun above the mountain . 2. 表示地點方向的副詞放在句首時，主謂完全倒裝： (1) 句型：地點方向副詞 + vi.(come，go，rush，fly，run，fall，etc.) +主語 e.g. Out rushed the children as soon as the bell rang . Away flew the little

6、 bird . Look ! Here comes the bus . The door opened and in came Mr Smith . (2) 如果主語是人稱代詞，那么主謂不倒裝。 e.g. Here you are . Downstairs he ran . (3) 注意：這種倒裝句只能使用一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時，不能用其他時態(tài)。 3. 有些時間副詞(now，then，often，etc.)在句首時, 有時也用倒裝語序。e.g. They all failed . Now comes your chance . My uncle drank some cold water .

7、Then came a smell of sulphur . 4. 表示地點方位的介詞短語在句首時, 主謂常倒裝。 句型：介詞短語+ vi.(lie，come，run，sit，stand，appear，etc.) +主語 e.g. In front of my house stands a big tree . From the distance came a cry for help . (To the) South of the village lies a beautiful lake . 5. 為了強調(diào)或保持平衡, 有時把表語(adj. / adv. / prep.短語 / 非謂語動詞

8、)提到句首, 主語和系動詞要倒裝。（表語+be 主語） e.g. Present at the meeting are students who are very interested in music but not good at it . Here is a letter for you . East of Korea is Japan . Among the speakers was Chinas then Premier Zhu Rongji . Waiting outside is a customer who wants to see the manager . Caught i

9、n the traffic accident were 14 students and their teacher . 6. Such開頭的句子： e.g. Such is Lily , a kind and diligent girl . Such were our opinions about the problem . Such is the influence of TV that it can make a person famous overnight . 7. 祝愿句： Long live ! (萬歲!) e.g. Long live peace ! Long live the

10、Peoples Republic of China ! (三) 部分倒裝 1. so開頭的句子, 表示前面所說的情況也適用于另一人或物時。 1) 常用句型：副詞So + be /助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語 e.g. He is good at maths . So am I . I like English . So does my sister . I have been to France . So has she . Tom can swim . So can Jack . 2) 如果副詞so開頭的句子只是重復或贊同前面的內(nèi)容，則不需要倒裝。 e.g. - It is very hot to

11、day . - So it is . - Your son studies hard . - So he does . 3) 連詞as也可以表示前面所說的情況也適用于另一人或物 e.g. Our eating habits have changed , as has our way of life . A better understanding of the environment is necessary , as is the willingness to act . 2. Neither / Nor開頭的句子, 表示前面所說的否定情況也適用于另一人或物時。 常用句型：Neither /

12、 Nor + be /助動詞/情態(tài)動詞 +主語 e.g. We have never been abroad . Neither / Nor has Li Ping . He is not good at music , and neither am I . 如果前面提到兩件事情，且謂語動詞類型不同，或者一肯一否時，不能單獨用so或 neither / nor，需要使用句型It is the same with / So it is with 。 e.g. He likes swimming and is good at skating . So it is with me . Tom lik

13、es maths but doesnt like music . It is the same with his sister . 3. 否定含義的副詞或介詞短語在句首時。 1) 副詞never , hardly , seldom , little , rarely , scarcely，nowhere 等在句首時。 e.g. Never before have I seen such a big monkey . Little does she care about others . Nowhere else in the world can you enjoy such beautiful

14、 scenery . 2) not once , not often , not ever , not a single 等在句首時。 e.g. Not once has my brother been to Beijing . Not a single mistake did he make in the exam . 3) 有些否定含義的介詞短語, 相當于never , 如果放在句首, 主謂要倒裝。 常見的有：in no way / case , by no means , at no time , on no account / condition , under no circumst

15、ances , etc. e.g. By no means can you lend Tom any money . At no time will he come to help us . 4. 有些否定含義的連詞在句首時, 主謂要倒裝。 常見的有：nor , not onlybut also , not until , hardlywhen , no soonerthan e.g. 1) Without international cooperation , developing countries cant prosper , nor will sustainable developme

16、nt be possible . 2) Not only is he good at English , but also he speaks French fluently . 3) Not until we know more will we be able to improve the situation . 4) Hardly / No sooner had Tom arrived when / than his uncle telephoned him . (此句型中主句常用過去完成時, 從句用一般過去時) 5. Only修飾副詞, 介詞短語, 狀語從句在句首時。 e.g. 1) O

17、nly later / then did the world recognize his greatness . 2) Only by changing the way we live can we save the earth . 3) Only if you follow my advice will you be able to complete the project . 注：Only修飾主語時，主謂不倒裝。 e.g. Only five students have finished the homework on time . 6. 在so / such that引導的結(jié)果狀語從句中

18、, 若把so / such部分提到句首,則主句要倒裝。 e.g. So shallow is the lake that no fish can live in it . Such a good student is Li Ping that he is often praised by the teachers . So many mistakes did he make that he failed the exam . 7. if引導的虛擬條件句中有were, had , should時, 可以省去if , 再把were, had , should提到句首, 變?yōu)榈寡b句。 e.g. We

19、re I you (= If I were you), I would give an AIDS patient a hug . Had you told (= If you had told) him about the danger , he wouldnt have been hurt . Were he to fail (= If he were to fail) the exam tomorrow , he would try again . Should a fire break out (= If a fire should break out) , please sound t

20、he alarm . 注：如果if條件句是否定句，倒裝時不能將not提前。 e.g. Had you not (= If you had not) lent Bob any money , nothing would have happened . Were it not for the rain (= If it were not for the rain) , the crops would die . 8. 祝愿句：May +主語+動詞原形 e.g. May you succeed ! (= Wish you success !) May the poor old man live ha

21、ppily ! (四) 異常語序 ：有些句型中，要把某個成分提到句首，但主謂并不倒裝。 1. as引導的讓步狀語從句：1) as從句中謂語為系表結(jié)構(gòu)時，要把作表語的形容詞或名詞提到as前(若表語是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，須省略a / an)。e.g. Young as he is，he has a good knowledge of medicine .Strange as it sounds，it is very helpful . Pupil as she is，she often helps the disabled .2) as從句中謂語是實義動詞+副詞時，要把副詞提到as前。e.g. Hard

22、 as Li Ping works , he failed this exam .3) as從句中如果沒有副詞，就把實義動詞提到as前。e.g. Try as he might , he didnt pass the test . Succeed as they did , they had paid a lot .4) 注意：連詞though引導的從句可以和as從句一樣，但也可不提前。although的從句一定不能提前。e.g. Fast though / as he ran，he couldnt catch the bus . Although / Though he run fast，he couldnt catch the bus . 2. whatever / no matter what，however / no matter how 引導讓步狀語從句時，要和所修飾的名詞或形容詞、副詞一起提到主語前。e.g. Howeve