武侯祠簡介音頻

1、青，取之于藍(lán)而青于藍(lán)；冰，水為之而寒于水武侯祠簡介音頻 篇一：武侯祠英文簡介wuhou temple good evening, ladies and gentlemen, its my great honor to be your local guide. today, we are going to visit the chengdu wuhou temple. before we get in i should give you some information about chinas history , which makes you have a better understand

2、ing about the temple. china experienced a lot of dynasties .but there is a period which is very famous .that is the three kingdoms period .ok, ladies and gentlemen i will ask you a question first before telling you what happened in that period .did you read a famous chinese classic novel named the r

3、omance of the three kingdoms? maybe someone did but some didnt . actually , this book is about what happened at that time. at the end of eastern han dynasty, the emperor ?emp?r? was very atrocious ?tro?s 殘暴的and treated his civilians百姓 very bad .he just knew how to play and flirt fl?t調(diào)情，玩弄 with women

4、 .his civilians were very angry with him. at last, lots of peasants?p?z?nt農(nóng)民 rebellions ri?beli?nz 反抗broke out .however, the generals將軍 of han dynasty didnt help the bad emperor suppress 鎮(zhèn)壓that, instead of taking this opportunity to establish their own kingdoms. thus lots of wars happened among the

5、generals .you can imagine the chaotic ke?:t?k 一片混亂的society of that time. after several years fighting, only three kingdoms survived .they were wei , shu and wu. here i particularly need to mention the shu kingdom. actually it was the ancient name of sichuan province. thats why you can enjoy the rich

6、 culture of shu kingdom in sichuan province . the temple here is to commemorate k?m?m?ret 紀(jì)念two famous persons .one is the emperor of shu kingdom .his name is liu bei .another is zhu geliang, the prime minister of liubei .more details will be given to you when we get in .ladies and gentlemen ,please

7、 look up at the horizontal ?h?:r?z:ntl 水平的board on the top of the gate .you can see four chinese characters, that is han zhaolie miao which means han zhaolie temple in english .han is the ancient name of shu kingdom. zhaolie is liubeis posthumous ?p?stj?m?s 死后的title the people gave .now i know there

8、 is a question in your mind. the temple we will visit is wuhou temple not han zhaolie temple . do we come the wrong door? absolutely not . in tang and song dynasties, there were two temples belonged to liu bei and zhu geliang respectively各自的. unfortunately more and more people went to zhus temple fo

9、r worship尊敬. they thought zhus contribution was superior su:?p?ri?(r)較高的 to liubei, the emperor. thus fewer people went to liu beis temple. in ming dynasty ,a member of imperial ?m?p?ri?l皇家的 family thought that was improper不合適的 because liu bei was the emperor .zhu geliang was only a subordinate s?b?

10、:rd?n?t部下of him .he demolished摧毀 the zhus temple and moved zhu geliangs statues st?t?u:z雕像 into liu beis. however this behavior could not be accepted by other people ,especially those who worshiped zhu geliang very much. they spontaneously sp?n?ten?sl?自發(fā)的 built up a temple behind this one .and calle

11、d it wuhou temple .gradually, people were used to call like that. later when we get in you will find that . ladies and gentlemen, now you are standing in the axis ?ks?s軸線line of the temple .you know chains architecture ?:rk?tekt?(r)建筑學(xué) considered symmetry ?s?m?tri對稱美 .so you can find that there is a

12、 tablet碑 on either side .on your right is tang tablet. it is also called “san jue” tablet. san means three in english, jue means excellence卓越 .what are the excellence you may ask ? first one is the article composed創(chuàng)作 by the prime minister of tang dynasty .second is the calligraphy k?l?r?fi書法 written

13、 by a very famous calligrapher in tang dynasty .third one is the carving雕刻. that is marvelous非凡的.on your left that is ming tablet. strangely you will find that the tablet is on the back of an animal do you know what is the animal carrying the tablet? turtle烏龜? no! it is called “bi xi” 赑屃（bx）霸下. lege

14、nd said, dragon has 9 sons, and the sixth is bi xi. for bi xi is very strong, people let him carry the stele. ladies and gentlemen, we are getting cross over second gate and going to visit liubeis hall .now you may find that on either side there is a corridor 走廊with lots of statues雕像 .thats right .o

15、n your right that is ministers大臣 statues ; on your left that is generals statues. all of the figures are from shu kingdom .they did great contribution to his country .lets go and have a visit . now the building in front you is liu beis hall. maybe you have noticed that there is a small room on eithe

16、r side of the hall .ok lets visit that first from left to right .ladies and gentlemen ,the statue you see is zhangfei .you can see he had a black face. actually black refers to honesty and justice in china . it is said that he is a handsome man .because he had a very bad temper and treated his subor

17、dinates very bad as a result of being killed by his subordinates. the other one is guan yus room. lets have a look. guan was a general of shu kingdom. you may ask me why guan yu was dressing like a emperor? that is connected with guanyu sense of honor. people regarded him as the emperor of the sense

18、 of honor . guanyu and zhang fei are sworn宣過誓的，感情極深的 brothers of liu bei. there is a hall only to commemorate the three brothers in wuhou temple . more details will be given to you when we get there .lets enter in liu beis hall. the statue is the biggest one among the others. in the novel, liubei is

19、 characterized by his big ears. it is believed the one who owns a pair of big ears always has good fortune. do we have any big ears around? oh, yah! he is our lucky star. the board holding in the kings hands is called “yu gui”. it is made of jade d?ed玉. the 7 dippers on it stands for the highest pow

20、er. liubei died in 62, governing the state for 2 years only. his son “a dou” liuchan carried on for 40 years. at the right side of him standing the statue of his grand son liu chen,so at the left side should be the statue of his son. but, where is it? when state wei invading侵略 shu, liu chen tried to

21、 persuade his father a dou fight to the last, and not to give up. but his father didnt listen to him. the moment wei army broke into chengdu. liu chen killed his family and then suicide?su:?sa?d自殺. but his father a dou was living happily after given in, and totally forgot the shame. from him comes t

22、he saying: “too happy to remember shu”樂不思蜀. people hate a dou, not willing to memorize him, so there is no statue for him. follow me, after visited the king, we finally came to the wu hou shrine ?ra?n圣陵. have you noticed that the wuhou shrine is slightly lower than where we are standing? again, this

23、 is to show the social status. come into the hall, we can see zhugeliang waving his famous feather fan, dressed in ordinary clothes. this was the typical costume服裝 of literates文人 during han dynasty. the two boys standing besides, one is holding a book, the other holding a sward. zhugeliang is one of

24、 the greatest militaristsm?l?t?r?st 篇二：武侯祠介紹 、 文學(xué)鑒賞在導(dǎo)游教學(xué)中的必要性： 1中職旅游專業(yè)上看 1.1中職導(dǎo)游專業(yè)培養(yǎng)目標(biāo) 中職導(dǎo)游專業(yè)的培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)是以就業(yè)為導(dǎo)向，為旅行社、各旅游景區(qū)等旅游部門培養(yǎng)德、智、體、美全面發(fā)展、掌握必要的導(dǎo)游專業(yè)理論知識和導(dǎo)游操作技能，能從事旅游企業(yè)導(dǎo)游服務(wù)業(yè)務(wù)的技術(shù)應(yīng)用性人才。在導(dǎo)游工作中，要求導(dǎo)游必須具備一定的語言表達(dá)能力和審美能力，文學(xué)鑒賞本身就是一種審美的認(rèn)識活動，是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)美、感受美、表達(dá)美的一個過程。通過對學(xué)生文學(xué)鑒賞能力的培養(yǎng)，可以讓學(xué)生進(jìn)一步提高自己的語言表達(dá)能力和審美能力，提高知識素養(yǎng)，為 今后走

25、上導(dǎo)游崗位打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。 12課程教學(xué)目標(biāo) 武候祠是四川導(dǎo)游實(shí)務(wù)第十章景區(qū)景點(diǎn)模擬導(dǎo)游訓(xùn)練中非常重要的一個小節(jié)，其教學(xué)目標(biāo)一是要求學(xué)生了解武候祠景點(diǎn)的基本情況、諸葛亮生平和景區(qū)特點(diǎn)。要求學(xué)生能夠模擬講解武候祠景區(qū)、鍛煉學(xué)生的語言表達(dá)能力和掌握講解人文歷史景點(diǎn)的方法技巧。在整個教學(xué)過程中，了解武候祠的景區(qū)基本情況中重點(diǎn)有三：一是諸葛亮其人其事，二是三國的歷史知識，三是武候祠中的攻心聯(lián)。 對諸葛亮的介紹，出師表、杜甫的蜀相等詩文膾炙人口，三國歷史在小說三國演義體現(xiàn)的更加通俗精彩、更為大多數(shù)人所接受，而攻心聯(lián)這種傳統(tǒng)的楹聯(lián)文學(xué)形式也是我們在介紹中國名勝古跡中非常重要的內(nèi)容。可見整個 對于武候祠的了

26、解中，文學(xué)鑒賞扮演了非常重要的角色。 13學(xué)生綜合素質(zhì)目標(biāo) 我們現(xiàn)在大力推行素質(zhì)教育，所謂素質(zhì)教育，廣義上的理解是“人在先天生理的基礎(chǔ)上在后天通過環(huán)境影響和教育訓(xùn)練所獲得的、內(nèi)在的、相對穩(wěn)定的、長期發(fā)揮作用的身心特征及其基本品質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)，通常又稱為素養(yǎng)。主要包括人的道德素質(zhì)、智力素質(zhì)、身體素質(zhì)、審美素質(zhì)、勞動技能素質(zhì)等?！蔽膶W(xué)鑒賞在培養(yǎng)學(xué)生綜合素質(zhì)上有著得天獨(dú)厚的條件，因?yàn)槲膶W(xué)作品有著審美、認(rèn)識、教育和培養(yǎng)想象力的作用，而且作品本身蘊(yùn)涵著豐富的情感力量，直接給予學(xué)生情感體驗(yàn)，激發(fā)學(xué)生的想象力，讓學(xué)生自身的修養(yǎng)得到提高。培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生的愛國情操、審美 能力、語言表達(dá)能力和想象力。 2從行業(yè)需求上看 21

27、旅游鑒賞和文學(xué)鑒賞的相似性 旅游，如同文學(xué)鑒賞，也是一種再創(chuàng)作。旅游者總是憑著自己的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和知識積存去欣賞客觀景物的，不同的人面對同樣的景物會得到不同的感受，即所謂的“仁者見仁，智者見智”。馬克思在一八四四年經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)-哲學(xué)手稿中寫道：“只有音樂才引起人的音樂感覺；對于非音樂的耳朵，最美的音樂，也沒有意義?”法國大雕塑家羅丹也說過，世界上所缺少的不是美，而是發(fā)現(xiàn)美的眼 睛。這些雖然是針對文學(xué)鑒賞來說的，但是對于旅游欣賞來說也是適用的。有關(guān)資料顯示，在旅游者中，受過教育的高學(xué)歷的人總是占大多數(shù)，這是因?yàn)檫@部分人的旅游鑒賞能力較高的緣故。旅游者來自不同的國家和民族，他們的職業(yè)、年齡、性別、價值觀念、

28、文化修養(yǎng)等等于差萬別，提高他們的旅游鑒賞力是一件十分艱巨的任務(wù)。問題的核心是要幫助旅游者正確地理解景觀中的精神文化內(nèi)涵。在這方面,導(dǎo)游的作用非淺。旅游的開發(fā)經(jīng)營者應(yīng)該把自己對景觀的理解用形象直觀的視聽語言描繪出來，傳達(dá)給旅游者，便于游人事先對旅游景區(qū)形成一個初 步概念，做好旅游的精神準(zhǔn)備和知識準(zhǔn)備。 22武候祠景區(qū)旅游價值通過文學(xué)鑒賞體現(xiàn) 對于中國祠堂宗廟等人文旅游景點(diǎn)來說，其一大吸引力就是各種文人帶來的“名人效應(yīng)”，如提到岳陽樓自然讓人聯(lián)想到范仲淹的岳陽樓記，提到黃鶴樓自然想到李白的送孟浩然之廣陵。而武候祠中大家自然會想到杜甫蜀相中“出師未捷身先死，長使英雄淚滿襟”的感慨。毛主席為什么來到成

29、都武候祠看攻心聯(lián)看了半個小時？岳飛為什么會說讀出師表不哭者不忠？游客們來到這里尋求的答案并非在武候祠這個地點(diǎn)上，而是通過對這些文章的深度解 讀，由景區(qū)或?qū)в蝹鬟_(dá)給游客。 二、 武侯祠文學(xué)鑒賞教學(xué)的優(yōu)勢分析： 1濃厚的歷史文化底蘊(yùn)，豐富的文學(xué)內(nèi)容 整個景區(qū)涉及著名歷史人物眾多：諸葛亮、劉備、張飛、關(guān)羽、趙云都是大家耳熟能詳?shù)娜宋?。景區(qū)楹聯(lián)、匾額、詩歌、散文知名度高，名家作品多。杜甫、岳飛、趙藩、毛澤東也在這里留下了足跡，并留下許多精彩的文章或評論。靜遠(yuǎn)堂匾額、攻心聯(lián)、蜀相、出師表等等作品知名度極高，內(nèi)涵豐 富。 2內(nèi)容深入淺出，學(xué)生容易接受 對于中職學(xué)生來說，他們的文學(xué)底子比較薄弱，對古詩文有一

30、定的理解能力，在初中接觸了一定數(shù)量的古代文學(xué)作品。對他們來說，過于復(fù)雜的文學(xué)作品在理解上有一定的困難。武侯祠的文學(xué)作品代表性強(qiáng)、膾炙人口，蜀相、出師表是學(xué)生在初中已經(jīng)學(xué)過的內(nèi)容，學(xué)生容易引發(fā)共鳴，產(chǎn)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣。同時武侯祠的文學(xué)作品飽含了的個人情感，還能引出一些歷史故事和趣聞，這些對 于培養(yǎng)導(dǎo)游專業(yè)的學(xué)生是很有好處的。 3著名的旅游景點(diǎn)，具有代表性 武侯祠是四川人文景點(diǎn)中非常著名的一處景點(diǎn)，具有典型性和代表性，教師在收集相關(guān)資料的時候比較容易，武侯祠處于成都市區(qū)，可進(jìn)入性很強(qiáng)，如有需 要進(jìn)行實(shí)地考察也很容易實(shí)施。 三、 武侯祠文學(xué)鑒賞教學(xué)的實(shí)施 武侯祠的匾額、楹聯(lián)、詩文非常多，不可能全部給學(xué)生講

31、解，所以選擇要有代表性、旅游講解價值較強(qiáng)、學(xué)生理解較容易的內(nèi)容。鑒于不同文學(xué)形式，我們分為四個類型進(jìn)行選擇，分別是詩詞、楹聯(lián)、匾額和散文。教學(xué)時候可以根據(jù)學(xué) 生的具體情況選擇把握深淺。 1詩詞蜀相 武侯祠涉及到最有影響力的詩詞非杜甫的蜀相莫屬，這首詩膾炙人口，內(nèi)容深入淺出，有很好的內(nèi)涵和外延，導(dǎo)游講解中以本詩開頭也非常常見。 “丞相祠堂何處尋，錦官城外柏森森?！敝该髁宋浜铎舻奈恢茫鳛閷?dǎo)游專業(yè)中的文學(xué)鑒賞，這里更多的應(yīng)該看到該詩句對旅游的價值：比如引發(fā)我們今天去哪兒游玩？丞相祠堂。丞相祠堂在哪兒？成都邊上。用詩文直接告訴了游客我們今天去武侯祠游覽，武侯祠很近，就在成都邊上的信息。而且拓展性 也

32、強(qiáng)，比如“什么是錦官城？”借而介紹成都概況等等。 “映階碧草自春色，隔葉黃鵬空好音?！?詩人用了一個“自”字，一個“空”字，含蓄地表達(dá)了他對這些景物的與眾不同的特殊感受盎然春意固然是美好誘人的，可是，丞相祠廟卻是如此寂寥冷清，悄然而無人跡，只有詩人形只影單而來，孤寂傷懷而返。難道說，武侯已經(jīng)被世人遺忘了嗎？不難看出，在“頷聯(lián)”兩句里，詩人句句寫景，卻字字含情，詩行中寓靜于動，寄情于景，婉轉(zhuǎn)地流露出因國家分裂而悲愴傷懷以及亟盼早日平叛實(shí)現(xiàn)統(tǒng)一的情緒。學(xué)生也需要對照目前的情況，目前武侯祠的門庭還如此冷落嗎？說明了什么問題引發(fā)思考。 “三顧頻煩天下計(jì)，兩朝開濟(jì)老臣心?！边@一句外延十分豐富，詩人用非常

33、精煉的語言概括了諸葛亮的功績，表達(dá)了個人對諸葛亮欽羨仰慕的情感。在導(dǎo)游詞的講解中，這一句很容易展開，說道諸葛亮的隆中對、出師表以及武 侯祠匾額上“兩表酬三顧，一對足千秋”的內(nèi)容。 “出師未捷身先死，長使英雄淚滿襟”， “結(jié)聯(lián)”兩句是全詩的點(diǎn)睛之筆，可謂蜀相的“詩眼”。據(jù)三國志諸葛亮傳載：諸葛亮于建興十二年（公元234年）春，出兵伐魏，在渭水南五丈原（今陜西郿縣西南）與魏軍相持百余日后，于當(dāng)年八月在軍中抱憾病逝。武侯壯志未酬而身先亡，詩人飽經(jīng)喪亂而屢失意，經(jīng)歷雖各有不同，可是就未能實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的抱負(fù)這一點(diǎn)來說，他們個人的命運(yùn)是頗有相似之處的。正因?yàn)槿绱恕Ｔ娙寺涔P沉摯，力透紙背，寫得蒼涼悲壯，催人下淚

34、?？梢姡О倌陙?，人們習(xí)慣于用這警句一般的詩行對赍志而歿的仁人志士寄予痛惜與同情是不無道理的。對這一句的賞析不但可以讓大家進(jìn)一步了解諸葛亮，也可以從側(cè)面了解杜甫的遭遇，讓學(xué)生去體會文學(xué)藝術(shù)的魅力。 2楹聯(lián)攻心聯(lián) 這是武侯祠諸葛亮殿正中有一副楹聯(lián)，向被推為武侯祠諸聯(lián)之冠，并受到毛 澤東、江澤民等領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的高度贊賞。聯(lián)曰： 能攻心則反側(cè)自消，從古知兵非好戰(zhàn)； 不審勢即寬嚴(yán)皆誤，后來治蜀要深思。 諸葛亮殿是整個武侯祠游覽的精華部分，攻心聯(lián)的作用非常重要。光緒二十八年，時任四川鹽茶使的趙藩游覽武侯祠，追思諸葛亮治軍理政的成績，并聯(lián)想新任四川總督岑春煊備用武力鎮(zhèn)壓民眾的情況，遂書寫此聯(lián)。屈指算來，至今已百

35、余年了。聯(lián)語雖意在“諷諫”，但客觀上卻對諸葛亮一生用兵和施政的功業(yè)進(jìn)行了高度概括和科學(xué)總結(jié)，從而發(fā)人深省，并具有較強(qiáng)的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。學(xué)生在 鑒賞這一對聯(lián)的時候需要注意以下幾個問題： 第一，什么是“攻心”，諸葛亮生平中哪些是“攻心”的體現(xiàn)。這里就涉及到諸葛亮的功績以及“七擒孟獲”的小故事，如何由攻心聯(lián)引發(fā)，如何介紹給游 客。拓展學(xué)生的思維視野，不是講解武侯祠就局限于武侯祠、諸葛亮。 第二，攻心聯(lián)趙藩其人，為什么要作攻心聯(lián)？這也是導(dǎo)游在講解楹聯(lián)中需要注意的一個重要的內(nèi)容，楹聯(lián)是誰？為什么寫下楹聯(lián)？除了武侯祠以外的其他景區(qū)也有體現(xiàn)。學(xué)生學(xué)會掌握講解題詞、楹聯(lián)、匾額的普遍規(guī)律。 第三，攻心聯(lián)的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義和教育意義，現(xiàn)實(shí)意義可以從為什么毛澤東、江澤民等國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人對這個楹聯(lián)進(jìn)行了高度評價，毛澤東甚至看攻心聯(lián)看了半個多小時。可以讓學(xué)生討論、最后總結(jié)到諸葛亮、趙藩、毛澤東他們處于不同的時代，但是都有“攻心”的意識和事跡，此聯(lián)告訴我們?nèi)魏螘r候都應(yīng)該做到“審時度勢”，多“攻心”也就是多去考慮別人的心理再來決定自己的行為。這對于做事多考慮自己、不考慮后果的中職學(xué)生來說是有積極意