物流專業(yè)外文翻譯5

1、1. the definition of logisticsafter completing a commercial transaction, logistics will execute the transfer of goods from the supplier( seller) to the customer( buyer) in the most cost-effective manner. this is the definition of logistics. during the transfer process, hardware such as logistics fac

2、ilities and equipment( logistics carriers) are needed, as well as information control and standardization. in addition, supports from the government and logistics association should be in place.three major functions of logistics (1) creating time value: same goods can be valued different at differen

3、t times. goods often stop during the transfer process, which is professionally called the storage of logistics. it creates the time value for goods. (2) creating location value: same goods can be valued differently at different locations. the value added during the transfer process is the location v

4、alue of logistics. (3) distribution processing value: sometimes logistics create distribution processing value, which changes the length, thickness and packages of the goods. like popular saying, “ cutting into smaller parts” is the most commonly seen distribution processing within logistics create

5、added value for goods.2. logistics is a new commercial area, developing from the traditional stage to a modern one. the main differences between these two stage include: (1) modern logistics adopts containerization techniques. the goods transfer process starts with packaging, followed by transportat

6、ion, storage and distribution. the whole process is operated under logistics standards. based on the logistics base module of 600400mm, from the logistics module of 1,2001,000mm, and enlarge to the size of 2,5912,438mm-the size of highwide of the container. it can be adjusted to the standard sizes o

7、f containers for trains, trucks and ships. (2) information technologies are most important for modern logistics. bar code, pos, edi and gps systems dramatically improve the efficiency and accuracy of the logistics activities. internet further assists the market development, operation and management

8、of the logistics industry.3.international logistics an increasing number of companies are involving in international markets through exporting, licensing, joins ventures, and ownership. this trend should continue. with such expansion there is a need to develop worldwide logistics networks. integrate

9、d logistics management and cost analysis will be more complex and difficult to manage.there are some future trends in internationalization: (1) more logistics executives with international responsibilities (2) expansion of the number and size of foreign trade zones. (3) reduction in the amount of in

10、ternational paperwork and documentation (4) more foreign warehousing is owned and controlled by the exporting firm (5) increasing number of smaller firm (6) foreign ownership of logistics service firms, e. g., public warehousing and transportation carriers. (7) increasing multiple distribution chann

11、elsthe international transport and the international logistics are same things in some way. so, when the international trading involved, the firm must establish international logistics systems to provide the products and service demanded. the most significant development in international logistics w

12、ill be the increasing sophistication information system adopted and independent departments to operate.4.packaging. packaging performs two basic functionsmarketing and logistics. in marketing the packaging acts promotion and advertising. its size, weight, color, and printed information attract custo

13、mers and convey knowledge of the product. when firms are involved in international marketing, packaging becomes even more important. products sold to foreign countries travel greater distances and undergo more handling operations. the logistics package is to protect the products during the process o

14、f logistics.scrap disposal. the logistics process must effectively and quickly handle, transport, and store waste products. if they can be reused or recycled, logistics company should arrange and move them to the reproduction and reprocessing locations.return goods handling. the handling of return g

15、oods is often called reverse distribution. buyers may return items to the seller for a number of reasons. most logistics systems are not good enough to handle such cases. in many industries, consumers return products for warranty repair, replacement, or recycling, reverse distribution costs may be v

16、ery high. reverse distribution will become more important as customers demand more flexible and favorable return policies. 5.third part logistics ( tpl) third part logistics provides all the logistics services. they act as a bridge or facilitator between the first part( supplier or producer) and the

17、 second part( buyer or customer). the primary objectives of third part logistics providers are to lower the total cost of logistics for the supplier and improve the service level to the customer.third part logistics have been growing rapidly. cost reduction and demands for batter and cheaper service

18、s are the main drives behind the growth. a third part logistics provider will be in a position to consolidate business from several companies and offer frequent pickups and deliveries, whereas inhouse transportation cannot. other reasons are as follows:* the company does not specialize in logistics;

19、* the company does not have sufficient resources;* eager to implement better logistics operation or does not have time to develop the required capabilities inhouse;* the company is venturing into a new business with totally different logistics requirements;* merger or acquisition may make outsourcin

20、g logistics operations more attractive than to integrate logistics operations.6.global logistics developed countries often deal with globalization in two ways: to be more cost competitive with third world countries, and to look for new partners in other countries to manufacture components, subassemb

21、lies and even the final products. the second approach forces most developed countries to get into a new area called “ global logistics”.benefits of global operations include cheap raw materials and end products, lower labor cost, better quality, increased internal competition and better customer ser

22、vice. some of the disadvantages are unreliable delivery, poor communication and longer time from design to finish production. challenges are often cultural and linguistic differences, legal requirements, logistics suppliers or manufacturers, exchange rates.there are three major flows involved in glo

23、bal logistics: material flow, document flow and cash flow.7.logistics into the future logistics is changing at a rapid and acceleration rate. there are two reasons are its rapid growth: firstly, pressure to change by the development of the system itself (1) highspeed computing and data transmission

24、can instantly transmit and react to user demand(2) more flexible and accurate logistic planning and control through computers and data processing (3) flexible computer facilities help problem solving and increase decisions accuracy(4) awareness of total cost measurement and management accounting sec

25、ondly, pressures for changes from the wider economy. (1) be flexible in handling markets of different sizes for better competition(2) there is increasing specialization in markets and growth in retailing. (3) life cycles for products are shortening. logistics systems need to be more efficient, faste

26、r and more flexible (4) move from mass production towards flexible manufacturing system( fms). these systems enable a company to switch production quickly from one product to another (5) competitive pressures lead to more efforts to improve customer service.8.the process of logistical integration ca

27、n be divided into four stages:stage 1. began in the early 1960s in the usa and involved the integration of all activities associated with distribution. separate distribution departments were to coordinate the management of all processes within physical distribution management( pdm).stage 2. pdm was

28、applied to the inbound movement of materials, components, and subassemblies, generally known as “ materials management”. by the late 1970s, many firms had established “ logistics department” with overall responsibility for the movement, storage, and handling of products upstream and downstream of th

29、e production operation.stage 3. logistics plays an important coordinating role, as it interfaces with most other functions. with the emergence of business process reengineering( bpr) in the early 1990s, the relationship between logistics and related functions was redefined. “ system integration” occ

30、urred. crossfunctional integration should achieve greater results.物流的定義在完成商業(yè)交易之后,物流將以最低成本和最高效益的方式執(zhí)行將商品從供應(yīng)商(賣方)流轉(zhuǎn)到顧客(買方)的過程。這就是物流的定義。在物流過程中,既需要諸如物流設(shè)施和設(shè)備(物流運輸工具等)的硬件,也需要對物流實施信息化管理進(jìn)行物流標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。此外,政府和物流組織的支持也不可或缺。物流的三大主要功能 (1)創(chuàng)造時間價值:同種商品因所處時間的不同而有著不同的價值。在商品流轉(zhuǎn)過程中,往往會處于某種停滯的狀態(tài),物流的專業(yè)術(shù)語就稱之為儲存。儲存創(chuàng)造了商品的時間價值。 (2)創(chuàng)造

31、場所價值: 同種商品因所處位置的不同而有著不同的價值。這種因商品流轉(zhuǎn)過程中而產(chǎn)生的附加增值稱之為物流的場所價值。 (3) 同配送加工價值:有時,物流活動也能創(chuàng)造配送加工價值,這種物流加工主要改變商品的長度、厚度和包裝形態(tài)。物流中經(jīng)常提到的“分割成更小的部分”就是配送加工中最為常見的形式。大多數(shù)物流加工都能創(chuàng)造商品的附加價值。2.物流作為新興的商務(wù)領(lǐng)域,經(jīng)歷了從傳統(tǒng)物流向現(xiàn)代物流發(fā)展的兩個階段。這兩個階段的不同主要體現(xiàn)在以下兩個方面: (1)現(xiàn)代物流采用了集裝技術(shù)。商品物流往往從包裝開始,而后經(jīng)歷運輸、儲存和配送等過程。整個過程始終在物流標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的前提下運行。以物流基礎(chǔ)模數(shù)尺寸600400mm為基

32、礎(chǔ),制定出物流模數(shù)尺寸12001000mm,并將其放大至25912438mm,即形成集裝箱的高度與寬度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)尺寸。并能調(diào)整成適合鐵運、汽運和船運的集裝箱標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)格尺寸。 (2)信息技術(shù)在現(xiàn)代物流中尤其重要。條形碼、銷售時點系統(tǒng)、電子數(shù)據(jù)傳輸系統(tǒng)、全球衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)的使用,極大地提高了物流活動的效率和精確程度。而互聯(lián)網(wǎng)更加有助于物流管理的市場開發(fā)、運營和管理。國際物流很多企業(yè)正通過出口、許可、合營或跨國經(jīng)營涉足國際市場。這種趨勢仍將持續(xù)。隨著這種趨勢的發(fā)展，開發(fā)國際物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)成為必須。整合物流管理和成本分析將更加復(fù)雜和困難。國際化將呈現(xiàn)出以下未來趨勢： (1)物流將更多地承擔(dān)起國際義務(wù) (2)對外貿(mào)易區(qū)

33、的數(shù)量和規(guī)模的擴大 (3)國際有紙作業(yè)和單據(jù)制作的數(shù)量的減少 (4)更多的涉外倉儲業(yè)務(wù)由出口企業(yè)經(jīng)營和控制 (5)小企業(yè)的數(shù)量增長 (6)物流服務(wù)企業(yè)的涉外經(jīng)營，如公營倉儲業(yè)務(wù)和國際運輸商 (7)增加多配送渠道從某些方面講，國際運輸?shù)韧趪H物流。因此，當(dāng)涉足國際貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域時，企業(yè)必須建立國際物流系統(tǒng)以提供需要的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)。國際物流的更重要的發(fā)展在于大力采用先進(jìn)的信息系統(tǒng)和實行獨立的部門運作。4.包裝。包裝執(zhí)行兩個基本的功能營銷和物流。就市場營銷而言，包裝承擔(dān)促銷和廣告的功能。其尺寸、重量、顏色和印制的信息會對顧客產(chǎn)生吸引力并將產(chǎn)品信息傳達(dá)給顧客。當(dāng)企業(yè)涉足國際市場營銷時，包裝就顯得更為重要。出

34、口到國外的產(chǎn)品需要運輸更長的距離，經(jīng)歷更多的裝卸搬運。而物流包裝在物流過程中起到了保護(hù)產(chǎn)品的作用。廢棄物處理。物流過程中的活動也應(yīng)當(dāng)包括高效快速地對廢棄物進(jìn)行裝卸、運輸和倉儲。如若廢棄物能夠重新利用或回收，物流企業(yè)應(yīng)當(dāng)合理安排并將其運送到再生產(chǎn)或再加工地點。退貨處理。退貨處理通常叫做反向配送。買方可能因各種原因?qū)a(chǎn)品退回賣方。多數(shù)物流系統(tǒng)未能對此類事件作出足夠妥善的處理。在很多行業(yè)，消費者因維修保證、更換或回收而退回產(chǎn)品，因而反向配送的成本可能會很高。由于顧客對退貨政策的要求更加靈活、更加實惠，反向配送將更加重要。 5.第三方物流第三方物流提供了所有的物流活動。他們在第一方（供應(yīng)商或生產(chǎn)商）和第二方（買方或顧客）之間扮演著橋梁或設(shè)施供應(yīng)商的角色。第三方物流提供