運(yùn)城市達(dá)隆商城鋼筋混凝土工程冬季施工方案

1、運(yùn)城市達(dá)隆商城2#、5#、6#、7#、10#、12#樓鋼筋混凝土工程冬季施工方案福建建工集團(tuán)總公司2005年10月工程冬季施工方案一、施工準(zhǔn)備1、組織措施在入冬前組織專人編編制冬季施工方案。方案確定后，要組織有關(guān)人員學(xué)習(xí)，并向隊(duì)組織進(jìn)行交底。進(jìn)入冬季施工前，對(duì)摻外加劑人員、測(cè)量保溫人員、鍋爐工和火爐管理人員，專門組織技術(shù)業(yè)務(wù)培訓(xùn)，學(xué)習(xí)本工作范圍內(nèi)的有關(guān)知識(shí)，明確職責(zé)，經(jīng)考試合格后，方準(zhǔn)上崗工作。與當(dāng)?shù)貧庀笈_(tái)站保持聯(lián)系，及時(shí)接收天氣預(yù)報(bào)，防止寒流突然襲擊。安排專人測(cè)量施工期間的室外氣溫，暖棚內(nèi)氣溫，砂漿、混凝土的溫度并作好記錄。2、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)備根據(jù)實(shí)物工程提前組織有關(guān)機(jī)具、外加劑和保溫材料進(jìn)場(chǎng)。搭建

2、加熱用的鍋爐房、攪拌站，敷設(shè)管道，對(duì)鍋爐進(jìn)行試火試壓，對(duì)各種加熱的材料、設(shè)備要檢查其安全可靠性。工地的臨時(shí)供水管道做好保溫防凍工作。做好冬季施工混凝土、砂漿及摻外加劑的試配試驗(yàn)工作，提出施工配合比。3、安全與防火冬季施工時(shí)，要采取防滑措施。大雪后必須將架子上的積雪清掃干凈，并檢查馬道平臺(tái)，如有松動(dòng)下沉現(xiàn)象，務(wù)必及時(shí)處理。施工時(shí)如接觸熱水，要防止?fàn)C傷，使用氯化鈣、漂白粉時(shí)，要防止腐蝕皮膚。亞銷酸鈉有劇毒，要嚴(yán)加保管，防止發(fā)生誤食中毒。現(xiàn)場(chǎng)火源，要加強(qiáng)管理，使用天然氣、煤氣時(shí)，要防止爆炸，使用焦炭爐、煤爐或天然氣，應(yīng)注意通風(fēng)換氣，防止煤氣中毒。電源開關(guān)，控制箱等設(shè)施要加鎖，并設(shè)專人負(fù)責(zé)管理，防止漏

3、電觸電。二、砌體工程砌體工程的冬季施工方法，采用外加劑法。將砂漿的拌合水預(yù)先加熱，砂和石灰膏（粘土膏）在攪拌前也保持正溫，使砂漿經(jīng)過攪拌、運(yùn)輸，于砌筑時(shí)具有5以上正溫。在拌合水中滲入防凍劑，砂漿在砌筑后可以在負(fù)溫條件下硬化，因此不必采取防止砌體沉降變形的措施。另進(jìn)入冬期施工，平均氣溫低于5時(shí)，磚不再澆水濕潤(rùn)。當(dāng)日最低氣溫等于或低于-15時(shí)，對(duì)砌筑承重砌體的砂漿強(qiáng)度按常溫施工時(shí)提高一級(jí)。普通磚在正溫度條件下砌筑時(shí)，磚適當(dāng)澆水濕潤(rùn)，可用噴壺隨澆隨砌。在負(fù)溫度下砌筑時(shí)磚不澆水，但磚表面的灰砂、冰雪必須清除。三、鋼筋工程1、負(fù)溫冷彎當(dāng)溫度低于-20時(shí)，嚴(yán)禁對(duì)低合金級(jí)鋼筋進(jìn)行冷彎操作，以避免在鋼筋彎點(diǎn)處

4、發(fā)生強(qiáng)化，造成鋼筋脆斷。2、鋼筋負(fù)溫焊接冬季在負(fù)溫條件下焊接鋼筋，盡量安排在室內(nèi)進(jìn)行。如必須在室外焊接，其環(huán)境溫度不宜低于-20，風(fēng)力超過3級(jí)時(shí)應(yīng)有擋風(fēng)措施，焊接后未冷卻的接頭，嚴(yán)禁碰到冰雪。負(fù)溫閃光對(duì)焊，采用預(yù)熱內(nèi)閃光焊或閃光一預(yù)熱一閃光焊工藝。負(fù)溫閃光對(duì)焊，與常溫焊接相比，采取以下措施：1）調(diào)伸長(zhǎng)增加10%20%，以利于增大加熱范圍，增加熱儲(chǔ)備量，降低冷卻速度，改善接頭性能。2）電焊機(jī)變壓器級(jí)數(shù)應(yīng)降低12級(jí)，以能保證閃光順利為準(zhǔn)。3）在閃光過程開始，可將鋼筋接觸幾次，使鋼筋溫度上升，以利于閃光過程順利進(jìn)行，溶化過程中期的速度適當(dāng)減慢。4）預(yù)熱時(shí)的接觸壓力適當(dāng)提高，預(yù)熱間歇時(shí)間適當(dāng)增長(zhǎng)。鋼筋

5、負(fù)溫閃光對(duì)焊宜選用下表的參數(shù)：鋼筋直徑（）變壓器級(jí)數(shù)（）調(diào)伸長(zhǎng)度（）一次閃光留量（）預(yù)熱留量（）二次閃光留量（）預(yù)鍛留量（）見紅區(qū)長(zhǎng)度（）12141820252832vvv、vv、v3033353710e3e3e3e23344589101055656672025253025303035注：1、e鋼筋端部不對(duì)，兩鋼筋出部分的長(zhǎng)度 2、表中焊接參數(shù)適用于lp-75型對(duì)焊機(jī)鋼筋負(fù)溫電弧焊時(shí)，可參考下表選擇焊接參數(shù)，焊接時(shí)必須防止產(chǎn)生過熱、燒傷、咬肉和裂紋缺陷，在構(gòu)造上防止在接頭產(chǎn)生偏心受力狀態(tài)。焊接種類鋼筋直徑（）焊縫層數(shù)平焊立焊焊接速度（/min）焊條直徑（）焊接電流（a）焊條直徑（）焊接電流（a

6、）幫條搭接101413.24.01301401501703.24.09011011013090100162023.24.01301401501703.24.0901101101408090224034.05.01501701802403.24.01001201401807090坡口224013.21401603.2120130224023.24.01401601601803.24.0120130150170為防止接頭熱影響區(qū)的溫度梯度突然增大，進(jìn)行幫條電弧焊或搭接電弧焊時(shí)，第一層焊縫，先從中間引弧，再向兩端運(yùn)弧，立焊時(shí)，先從中間向上方運(yùn)弧，再?gòu)南露讼蛑虚g運(yùn)弧。以使接頭端部的鋼筋達(dá)到一定的預(yù)熱效

7、果。在以后各層焊縫的焊接時(shí)，采取分層控溫施焊，層間溫度控制在150350之間，以起到緩冷的作用。幫條焊時(shí)幫條與主筋之前和四點(diǎn)定位焊固定，搭接時(shí)用兩點(diǎn)固定，定位焊縫應(yīng)離幫條或搭接端部20以上。幫條焊條與搭接焊的焊縫厚度應(yīng)不小于0.3位鋼筋直徑，焊縫寬度不小0.7倍鋼筋直徑。級(jí)鋼筋電弧焊接頭進(jìn)行多層施焊時(shí)，采用“回火焊道施焊法”，即最后回火焊道的長(zhǎng)度比前層焊道在兩端各縮短46，以消除或減少前層焊道及過熱區(qū)的淬硬組織，以改善接頭的性能。負(fù)溫自動(dòng)電渣壓力焊接步驟與常溫相同，但焊接參數(shù)需作適當(dāng)調(diào)整。其中焊接電流的大小，應(yīng)根據(jù)鋼筋直徑和焊接時(shí)的環(huán)境溫度而定。因此應(yīng)適當(dāng)增加焊接電流。焊接通電時(shí)間也應(yīng)根據(jù)鋼筋

8、直徑和環(huán)境溫度調(diào)整，應(yīng)適當(dāng)加大通電時(shí)間。鋼筋負(fù)溫自動(dòng)電渣壓力焊的焊接參數(shù)可參考下表：鋼筋直徑()焊接溫度()焊接電流(a)焊接通電時(shí)間(s)渣池電壓(v)12正溫-10-20250350350450550650121315253516正溫-10-20300400400500600700161719254020正溫-10-20350450450550650750202123254522正溫-10-20400550500650700850222325254625正溫-10-20450600550700800900252729255028正溫-10-2050065060075090010003032

9、342560在負(fù)溫度條件下進(jìn)行電渣壓力焊時(shí)，接頭藥盒拆除的時(shí)間宜延長(zhǎng)2min左右，接頭的渣殼宜延長(zhǎng)5min，方可打渣。四、混凝土工程1、基本要求在冬季施工中必須防止混凝土在硬化初期遭受凍害，并盡早獲得強(qiáng)度。冬季施工的混凝土，應(yīng)甲方要求選用普通硅酸鹽水泥。水泥標(biāo)號(hào)不宜低于42.5號(hào)，每立方米混凝土中的水泥用量不宜少于300kg，水灰比不應(yīng)大于0.6。并加入早強(qiáng)劑。為了減少凍害，將配合比中的用水量降低至最低限度。辦法是：控制坍落度，加入減水劑，優(yōu)先選用高效減水劑。為了防止鋼筋銹蝕，在鋼筋混凝土中，砼中外加劑選用無鹽型;以保證鋼筋不被銹蝕。模板和保溫層，在混凝土冷卻到5后方可拆除。當(dāng)混凝土與外界溫差

10、大于20時(shí)，拆模后的混凝土表面，進(jìn)行臨時(shí)覆蓋，使其緩慢冷卻。2、混凝土的拌制混凝土原材料加熱應(yīng)優(yōu)先采用加熱水的方法，當(dāng)加熱水仍不能滿足要求時(shí)，再對(duì)骨料進(jìn)行加熱。但水泥不得與60以上熱水直接接觸。投料時(shí)應(yīng)先投入骨料和水，最后才投入水泥。水泥儲(chǔ)存在暖棚內(nèi)，不得直接加熱。骨料必須清潔，不得含有冰雪和凍塊，以及易凍裂的物質(zhì)。嚴(yán)格控制混凝土水灰比，由骨料帶入的水分及外加劑溶液中的水分均從拌合水用量中扣除。拌制摻有外加劑的混凝土?xí)r，攪拌時(shí)間應(yīng)取常溫?cái)嚢钑r(shí)間的1.5倍?；炷涟韬衔锏某鰴C(jī)溫度不宜低于10，入模溫度不得低于5。3、混凝土的運(yùn)輸和澆筑冬季施工運(yùn)輸混凝土拌合物，應(yīng)使熱量損失盡量減少，采取下列措施：

11、1）正確選擇放置攪拌機(jī)的地點(diǎn)，盡量縮短運(yùn)距，選擇最佳的運(yùn)輸路線。2）正確選擇運(yùn)輸容器的形式、大小和保溫材料。3）減少裝卸次數(shù)并合理組織裝入，運(yùn)輸和卸出混凝土的工作。混凝土在澆筑前，清除模板和鋼筋上的冰雪和污垢，裝運(yùn)拌合物的容器有保溫措施。4、蓄熱法養(yǎng)護(hù)將混凝土的組成材料進(jìn)行加熱然后攪拌，在經(jīng)過運(yùn)輸、振搗后仍具有一定溫度，澆筑后的混凝土周圍用保溫材料嚴(yán)密覆蓋。利用這種預(yù)加熱量和水泥的水化熱量，使混凝土緩慢冷卻，并在冷卻過程中逐漸硬化。當(dāng)混凝土溫度降到0時(shí)可達(dá)到抗凍臨界強(qiáng)度或預(yù)期的強(qiáng)度要求。保溫層敷設(shè)后要注意防潮和防止透風(fēng)，對(duì)于構(gòu)件的邊棱，端部和 角要特別加強(qiáng)保溫，新澆混凝土與已硬化混凝土連接處，

12、為避免熱量的傳導(dǎo)損失，必要時(shí)應(yīng)采取局部加熱措施。根據(jù)本工程特點(diǎn)，砼冬期施工采用以下具體措施：1）砼攪拌機(jī)搭設(shè)暖相同；水泥入庫(kù)且?guī)靸?nèi)取暖，保證庫(kù)內(nèi)溫度不低于5。2）砼拌制用水應(yīng)加熱，水溫80，以保證砼出機(jī)溫度不低于10，入模溫度不低于5。3）溫度低于0時(shí)，砼中摻早強(qiáng)防凍劑。4）框架柱模板外用草連覆蓋，柱砼施工完畢后，柱頭處用草連覆蓋。5）氣溫低于-5時(shí)，梁板砼施工前將本層外圍用彩條布圍護(hù)封閉，樓層內(nèi)生火保溫；梁、板砼澆筑時(shí)，砼分段澆筑完畢后用塑料布覆蓋其上，并在上面覆蓋草連或麻袋。6）砼拌制時(shí)摻外加劑砼攪拌時(shí)間不小于120s。7）注意天氣變化，如有雨、雪，應(yīng)對(duì)砂、石等材料進(jìn)行覆蓋，以免砂、石受凍

13、結(jié)塊，無法施工。8）砼隨拌制隨澆搗，施工面不要太大，及時(shí)振搗并覆蓋保溫。9）拌制時(shí)采用熱水，先上砂、石骨料拌和，然后再加水泥攪拌。5、屋面工程屋面工程的冬季施工，應(yīng)選擇無風(fēng)晴朗天氣進(jìn)行，充分利用日照條件提高面層溫度，在迎風(fēng)面宜設(shè)置活動(dòng)的擋風(fēng)裝置。屋面各層施工前，將基層上面的積雪、冰霜和雜物清掃干凈。所用材料不得含有冰雪凍塊。用瀝青膠結(jié)的整體保溫層和板狀保溫層應(yīng)在氣溫不低于10時(shí)施工，用水泥、石灰或乳化瀝青膠結(jié)的整體保溫層和板狀保溫層應(yīng)在氣溫不低于5時(shí)施工，如氣溫低于上述要求，應(yīng)采取保溫防凍措施。雪天和五級(jí)以上天氣不得施工。找平層為水泥砂漿時(shí)，砂漿的強(qiáng)度等級(jí)不得小于m5，砂漿中可摻入氯化鈉作防凍

14、劑。當(dāng)采用涂料做防水層時(shí)必須使用溶劑型涂料，施工時(shí)氣溫不應(yīng)低于-5。g an employment tribunal claimemployment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees.you may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you dont agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismiss

15、es you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly.for more information about dismissal and unfair dismissal, seedismissal.you can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haventappealedagainst the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. however, if you win your c

16、ase, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal.remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. if your application is received aft

17、er this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept it.if you are worried about how the time limits apply to you, take advice from one of the organisations listed underfurther help.employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to

18、give evidence under an oath or affirmation.most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. if you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed underfurther help.if you are being represented

19、by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. this is known as adamages-based agreement. in england and wales, your solicitor cant charge you more than 35% of your compensation if you win the case.if you ar

20、e thinking about signing up for a damages-based agreement, you should make sure youre clear about the terms of the agreement. it might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a citizens advice bureau. to find your nearest cab, including those that give advice by e-mail, cl

21、ick onnearest cab.for more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, seeemployment tribunals.the (lack of) air up there watch mcayman islands-based webb, the head of fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in london for the football associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will atte

22、nd citys premier league match at chelsea on sunday.i am going to be at the match tomorrow and i have asked to meet yaya toure, he told bbc sport.for me its about how he felt and i would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against csk

23、afor the racist behaviour of their fans duringcitys 2-1 win.michel platini, president of european footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.cska said they were surprised and disappointed by toures complaint. in a statement the russian side added:

24、 we found no racist insults from fans of cska.age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. may be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; may be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind ha

25、s been very messy, in my mind constantly. always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字開頭的年齡已經(jīng)到了尾聲?；蛟S是愧疚于自己似乎把轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的很多個(gè)不同的日子過成了同一天的樣子；或許是追溯過去，對(duì)自己那些近乎偏執(zhí)的怪異信念的醒悟，這些天以來，思緒一直很凌亂，在腦海中不斷糾纏?？傆X得自己自己似乎應(yīng)該去做點(diǎn)什

26、么，或者寫點(diǎn)什么。二十年的人生軌跡深深淺淺，突然就感覺到有些事情，非做不可了。the end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而窮盡我們的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？during my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for new year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional; junio

27、r high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isnt really grow up, it seems is not so important; then in high school, think dont want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in t

28、he high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already cant remember his appearance.童年時(shí)，覺得壓歲錢和新衣服是過年必備，但

29、是隨著年齡的推進(jìn)，會(huì)越來越發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些東西根本就可有可無；初中時(shí)，以為要有一場(chǎng)暗戀才意味著真正的成長(zhǎng)，但三年過去后，自己心平氣和的寫同學(xué)錄的時(shí)候，突然就發(fā)現(xiàn)是不是真正的成長(zhǎng)了，好像并沒有那么重要了；然后到了高中，覺得非要吐露出自己的心聲才能為高中生涯里的懵懂情愫劃上一個(gè)句點(diǎn)，但畢業(yè)晚會(huì)的時(shí)候最終還是被梗塞在了咽喉，后來再次站在他曾經(jīng)揮汗如雨的球場(chǎng)，看著他投過籃球的球框時(shí)，突然間發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)想不起他的容顏。originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely, h

30、ave to do, and time.原來，這個(gè)世界上，對(duì)某個(gè)事件能產(chǎn)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)的，除了非做不可的堅(jiān)決，還有，時(shí)間。a persons time, your ideas are always special to clear. want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. dislike his cowardice, finally foun

31、d that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一個(gè)人的時(shí)候，自己的想法總是特別地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明確，好像沒有什么可以撼動(dòng)自己。也曾經(jīng)好像已經(jīng)下定了決心去做某件事，但更多的時(shí)候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌惡過自己的怯懦，最終卻發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多緣分，有

32、很多錯(cuò)過，好像冥冥之中真的已經(jīng)注定。那些曾經(jīng)所謂的非做不可，只是青蔥年華里自己給自己注射的一支強(qiáng)心劑，或者說，是自以為是的精神寄托罷了。at the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; those were broken into various shapes of stationery; from the corner at the beginning of deep friendship; have declared

33、 the end of the encounter that havent start planning. those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻，天空是陰暗的，空氣里有著剛下過雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件藍(lán)格子襯衫；那些被折成各種各樣形狀的信紙；那段從街角深巷伊始的友誼；還有那場(chǎng)還沒有開始就宣告了終結(jié)的邂逅計(jì)劃那些年那些天的非做不可，終于和青春一樣，都將在我們的人生中謝幕。baumgartner the disappointing news: mission aborted. r

34、 plays an important role in this mission. starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. the balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our da

35、y-to-day weather lives. it will climb higher than the tip of mount everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. as he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect

36、 a lot of turbulence.the supersonic descent could happen as early as sunda.the weathethe balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( then, i would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an olympic diving platform.below, the earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimm