滲透探傷作業(yè)指導(dǎo)書(shū)PT Operation Specification（中英對(duì)照）

1、第三方nde檢測(cè)單位the third party inspection organizationpt作業(yè)指導(dǎo)書(shū)pt operation specification目 錄1.檢測(cè)范圍scope of testing12.檢測(cè)人員testing personnel13.一般要求general requirements14.操作operation45.缺陷顯示跡痕分類types of traces indicting defects66.缺陷顯示跡痕等級(jí)評(píng)定 grade evaluation of defect indicating traces77.報(bào)告reports78.附錄appendix8

2、1. 檢測(cè)范圍scope of testing1.1. 本章依據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)jb4730-1994壓力容器無(wú)損檢測(cè)。the guidelines are written in accordance with jb4730-1994 nondestructive testing of pressure equipments.1.2. 本章適用于壓力容器、壓力管道、儲(chǔ)罐。the guidelines are applicable to pressure containers, pressure pipes and storage tanks.1.3. 本章選用的著色滲透檢測(cè)方法為溶劑油去除型著色滲透檢測(cè)方

3、法。the dye penetration method used in the guidelines is solvent-removal dye penetration test.2. 檢測(cè)人員testing personnel2.1. 凡從事檢測(cè)的人員，都均經(jīng)過(guò)技術(shù)培訓(xùn)，并按照無(wú)損檢測(cè)人員資格認(rèn)可規(guī)則(1995)及gb9445進(jìn)行考核鑒定。the testing personnel should have received technically trainings and passed qualification tests in accordance with rules of ce

4、rtification for ndt personnel (1995) and gb9445 national standard.2.2. 取得不同檢測(cè)方法的各技術(shù)等級(jí)人員，只能從事與該等級(jí)相應(yīng)的無(wú)損檢測(cè)工作，并負(fù)相應(yīng)的技術(shù)責(zé)任。 technicians who have passed certain levels of ndt qualification tests should perform ndt tasks equivalent to that level and be liable to such responsibilities.3. 一般要求general requireme

5、nts3.1. 基本程序basic procedure滲透檢測(cè)操作的基本步驟如下:the following is the basic procedure for penetrant testing operation:3.1.1. 預(yù)清洗；pre-cleaning3.1.2. 施加滲透液；adding penetrant3.1.3. 清洗多余的滲透劑；cleaning surplus penetrant3.1.4. 施加顯像劑；adding developer3.1.5. 觀察及評(píng)定顯示跡痕。observing and evaluating trace3.2. 滲透探傷劑penetratin

6、g flaw-detecting agents3.2.1. 滲透探傷劑一般包括滲透劑、清洗劑和顯像劑。penetrating flaw-detecting agents consist of penetrant, cleaning agent and developer.3.2.2. 滲透劑的質(zhì)量控制應(yīng)滿足下列要求:quality control of penetrant should meet the requirements as follow:1.1.1.1. 在每一批新的滲透劑中應(yīng)取500ml貯藏在玻璃容器中作為樣品保存起來(lái)，作為參照基準(zhǔn)。貯存溫度為15-50,并應(yīng)避免陽(yáng)光照射。as

7、basis of reference, 500ml of every batch of new penetrant should be taken out to store in a glass vessel for conservation as sample. storage temperature is 1550 and avoid direct sunlight.1.1.1.2. .滲透劑應(yīng)裝在密封容器中，放在低溫暗處保存。penetrant should be stored in a sealed container at lower temperature and in the d

8、arkness.1.1.1.3. 對(duì)正在使用的滲透劑做外觀檢驗(yàn)，如發(fā)現(xiàn)有明顯的混濁或沉淀物，變色或難以清洗，則應(yīng)予報(bào)廢。visual inspection should be done for the penetrant using. if feculence, precipitate, and variation of color occur or it is difficult to clean, the penetrant should be rejected.1.1.1.4. 滲透劑用對(duì)比試塊與基準(zhǔn)滲透劑進(jìn)行性能對(duì)比試驗(yàn)，當(dāng)被檢滲透劑顯示缺陷的能力低于基準(zhǔn)滲透劑時(shí)，應(yīng)予報(bào)廢。compa

9、re performance of the penetrant with the reference penetrant using a comparator. if the defect displaying ability of the penetrant tested is lower than that of the reference, it should be rejected.3.2.3. 顯像劑的質(zhì)量控制應(yīng)滿足下列要求:quality control of developer should meet the requirements as follow:1.1.1.5. 對(duì)干式

10、顯像劑應(yīng)經(jīng)常進(jìn)行檢查，如發(fā)現(xiàn)粒子凝聚、有顯著的殘留或性能低下者要廢棄。dry-developer should be regularly checked. if particle coacervation, obvious residual or under-performance are found, it should be rejected.3.2.4. 探傷劑必須具有良好的檢測(cè)性能，對(duì)工件無(wú)腐蝕，對(duì)人體基本無(wú)毒害作用。flaw-detecting agent must have good performance, non-corrosive to workpiece, and basi

11、cally non-hazardous to human.3.2.5. 探傷劑應(yīng)根據(jù)被檢材料的具體情況進(jìn)行選擇，對(duì)于同一檢測(cè)工件，不能混用不同類型的探傷劑。flaw-detecting agent should be selected in view of the material tested. different kind of flaw-detecting agents cant be used together for the same workpiece.3.2.6 應(yīng)選擇質(zhì)量合格，信譽(yù)好的廠商提供的探傷劑。quality acceptable flaw-detecting agen

12、ts supplied by reputable manufacturers should be selected.3.3. 對(duì)比試塊penetrant comparator3.3.1. 對(duì)比試塊主要用于檢驗(yàn)探傷劑性能及操作工藝。如圖1-1comparator is mainly used to examine the performance of flaw detection agent and technological operation.ab1.5702 5010圖1-1 鋁合金對(duì)比試塊3.3.2. 對(duì)比試塊的清洗和保存： 對(duì)比試塊使用后要進(jìn)行徹底清洗。清洗時(shí)，通常是用丙酮仔細(xì)擦洗后，

13、再放入裝有丙酮和無(wú)水灑精的混合液(混合比為1:1)的密閉容器中保存，或用其它等效方法保存。cleaning and storage of comparator：comparator must be cleaned after using. while cleaning, it is first cleaned with acetone. then store in a sealed vessel containing mixture of acetone and absolute alcohol (1:1 mixing rate) or store using other equivalent

14、 methods.3.4. 表面準(zhǔn)備surface preparation3.4.1. 工件表面不得有鐵銹、氧化皮、焊接飛濺、鐵屑、毛刺以及各種防護(hù)層。there muse be no iron rust, scale, spatter, iron chipings, burr and all kinds of inoxidizing coating on the surface of workpiece.3.4.2. 被檢工件機(jī)加工表面粗糙度ra值為6.3m；被檢工件非機(jī)加工表面的粗糙度ra值為12.5m。但對(duì)不能打磨的工件可適當(dāng)放寬。the roughness value “ra” for

15、 machined surface is 6.3, while that for non-machined surface is 12.5. for workpiece that cannot be sanded, “ra” value is allowed to relax accordingly.3.4.3. 局部檢測(cè)時(shí)，準(zhǔn)備工作范圍應(yīng)從檢測(cè)部位四周向外擴(kuò)展25mm。in local testing, surface area to be prepared should extend 25mm from the tested site in all directions.4. 操作oper

16、ation4.1. 預(yù)清洗pre-cleaning檢測(cè)部位的表面狀況在很大程度上影響著滲透檢測(cè)的檢測(cè)質(zhì)量。因此，在進(jìn)行過(guò)表面清理之后還要進(jìn)行一次預(yù)清洗，以去除檢測(cè)表面的污垢。清洗時(shí)，采用溶劑進(jìn)行。清洗范圍應(yīng)滿足3.4.3的要求。清洗后，檢測(cè)面上遺留的溶劑、水份等必須干燥，且應(yīng)保證在施加滲透劑之前不被污染。the surface appearance of site tested would affect testing quality of penetrant examination to some extent. therefore after surface cleaning, a pre

17、-cleaning work would start to remove dirt on test surface and clean with solvent. cleaning area should meet the requirement in 3.4.3 section. after cleaning, the solvent and water remaining on testing surface must be removed by drying. the testing surface must not be polluted before applying penetra

18、nt.4.2. 施加滲透劑penetrant application4.2.1. 施加方法用噴罐噴涂方法，保證被檢部位完全被滲透劑復(fù)蓋，并在整個(gè)滲透時(shí)間內(nèi)潤(rùn)濕狀態(tài)。the penetrant is applied by spraying tank. make sure that the site tested is covered by the penetrant and remains wet during penetration period.4.2.2. 滲透時(shí)間及溫度在15-50的溫度條件下，滲透劑的滲透時(shí)間一般不得少于10min。penetration time and temper

19、ature is not less than 10 minutes at a temperature between 1550.4.3. 清洗多余的滲透劑removing surplus penetrant4.3.1. 在清洗工件被檢表面多余的滲透劑時(shí)，應(yīng)注意防止過(guò)度清洗而使檢測(cè)質(zhì)量下降，同時(shí)也應(yīng)注意防止清洗不足而造成對(duì)缺陷顯示識(shí)別困難.in removing surplus penetrant on the surface of the workpiece tested, in order to avoid quality deterioration, over-cleaning shoul

20、d be prevented. whats more, under-cleaning should also be prevented to avoid difficulty in defect recognition.4.3.2. 溶劑去除型滲透劑用清洗劑清洗。除特別難于清洗的地方外，一般應(yīng)先用干凈不脫毛的布依次擦拭，直至大部分多余滲透劑被清除后，再用蘸有清洗劑的干凈不脫毛的布或紙進(jìn)行擦拭，直至將被檢面上多余的滲透劑全部擦凈。但必須注意，不得往復(fù)擦拭，不得用清洗劑直接在被檢面沖洗。the solvent-removal penetrant is cleaned with detergents

21、. except sites that are difficult to clean, firstly, wipe in turn with a clean, unmoulting towel until most surplus penetrant are removed. then, a clean, unmoulting towel or paper with detergent is used to wipe surplus penetrant off the surface tested. but pay attention not to wipe reciprocally and

22、wash the surface tested directly with detergents.4.4. 干燥處理drying4.4.1. 施加快干式顯像劑之前，檢測(cè)面須經(jīng)干燥處理。before applying quick-drying developer, the tested surface must be dried.4.4.2. 當(dāng)采用清洗劑清洗時(shí)，應(yīng)自然干燥，不得加熱干燥。when cleaning with detergent, the surface should be dried by natural process instead by heating.4.4.3. 干燥

23、時(shí)間通常為5-10min。drying time is usually 510 minutes.4.5. 施加顯像劑applying developer4.5.1. 使用干式顯像劑時(shí)，須先經(jīng)干燥處理，再用適當(dāng)方法將顯像劑均勻地噴灑在整個(gè)被檢表面上，并保持一段時(shí)間。dry treating must be taken first before using dry-type developer, then the developer should be sprayed uniformly on the surface tested and maintain a period of time.4.5

24、.2. 顯像劑在使用前應(yīng)充分?jǐn)嚢杈鶆颍@像劑施加應(yīng)薄而均勻，不可在同一地點(diǎn)反復(fù)多次施加。the developer should be stirred uniformly before using and applied thinly and uniformly on the surface. do not apply repeatedly on the same area.4.5.3. 噴施顯像劑時(shí)，噴嘴離被檢面距離為300400mm，噴灑方向與被檢面夾角為3040。when spraying developer, the nozzle is placed at 300400mm away

25、from surface tested. the included angle between spraying direction and the surface tested is 3040.4.5.4. 禁止在被檢面上傾倒快干式顯像劑，以免沖洗掉缺陷內(nèi)的滲透劑。the quick-drying developer is forbidden to pour on the surface tested lest the penetrant in the defects is washed away.4.5.5. 顯像時(shí)間取決于顯像劑種類，缺陷大小以及被檢工件溫度，一般不應(yīng)少于7min。dev

26、eloping time should be no less than 7 minutes, depending on the type of the developer, defect size and workpiece temperature. 4.6. 觀察observation4.6.1. 觀察顯示跡痕應(yīng)在顯像劑施加后7-30min內(nèi)進(jìn)行。如顯示痕跡的大小不發(fā)生變化，也可超過(guò)上述時(shí)間。observing the displayed traces should be started in 730 minutes after the application of the develope

27、r. if the size of the trace remains unchanged, the above mentioned time could be exceeded. 4.6.2. 著色滲透檢測(cè)時(shí)，觀察應(yīng)在被檢表面可見(jiàn)光照度大于500lx的條件下進(jìn)行。when examining dye penetrant, observation should be made under 500lx visible illuminance.4.6.3. 當(dāng)出現(xiàn)顯示跡痕時(shí)，必須確定跡痕是真缺陷還是假缺陷顯示。必要時(shí)應(yīng)用5-10倍放大鏡進(jìn)行觀察或進(jìn)行復(fù)驗(yàn)。when traces appear, m

28、ake sure whether the trace is a real defect or an artifact. if necessary, 510 x magnifier could be used for observation or recheck. 4.7. 復(fù)檢rechecking4.7.1. 當(dāng)出現(xiàn)下列情況之一時(shí)，則需進(jìn)行復(fù)檢:if one of the following circumstance occur, rechecking is necessary1.1.1.6. 檢測(cè)結(jié)束時(shí)，用對(duì)比試塊驗(yàn)證滲透劑已失效；when the test finishes, compar

29、ator test shows that the penetrant is ineffective.1.1.1.7. 發(fā)現(xiàn)檢測(cè)過(guò)程中操作方法有誤；the operating method is found wrong during examination.1.1.1.8. .供需雙方有爭(zhēng)議或認(rèn)為有其它需要時(shí)；an argument arises between the supply and the demand parties or they deem it necessary to recheck.1.1.1.9. 經(jīng)返修后的部位。the part has been repaired.4.7

30、.2. 當(dāng)決定進(jìn)行復(fù)驗(yàn)時(shí)，必須對(duì)被檢面進(jìn)行徹底清洗，以去除前次檢測(cè)時(shí)所留下的痕跡。必要時(shí)，應(yīng)用有機(jī)溶劑進(jìn)行浸泡。當(dāng)確認(rèn)清洗干凈后，按4.1-4.6條的規(guī)定進(jìn)行復(fù)驗(yàn)。when rechecking is decided, the surface tested must be thoroughly cleaned to remove the traces remained in former test. if necessary, soak it with organic solvents. mark sure that the workpiece is thoroughly cleaned an

31、d begin rechecking according to 4.14.6 section.4.8. 后處理post-treatment檢測(cè)結(jié)束后，為防止殘留的顯像劑腐蝕被檢工件表面或影響其使用，應(yīng)清除殘余顯像劑。清除方法可用刷洗、水洗、布或紙擦除等方法。after examination, the residual developer should be cleared to prevent it from corroding the surface of workpiece or affecting its usage. the cleaning way may be scrubbing

32、, water washing, wiping with cloth or paper.4.9. 檢測(cè)人員在施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)操作完畢后，要根據(jù)中華人民共和國(guó)環(huán)境規(guī)定和要求處理好剩余的滲透液。the detectors gone to the work field and the work have complete, surplus penetratal chemicals should be disposed of in accordance with relative prc environmental regulations4.10檢測(cè)單位所用的液體滲透材料應(yīng)符合本項(xiàng)工程的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定，并給委托方提

33、供材料說(shuō)明書(shū)及合格證。 all penetratal materials shall inform the standard of the project and sumit all materials directions and qualified certificate to the mandatory.5. 缺陷顯示跡痕分類types of traces indicting defects5.1. 除確認(rèn)顯示跡痕是由外界因素或操作不當(dāng)造成的之外，其它任何大于等于0.5mm的顯示跡痕均應(yīng)作為缺陷顯示跡痕處理。except traces affected by extraneous fac

34、tors or misoperation, the other traces that are greater than or equal to 0.5mm are treated as defect indicating traces.5.2. 長(zhǎng)度與寬度之比大于3的缺陷顯示跡痕，按線性缺陷處理；長(zhǎng)度與寬度之比小于等于3的缺陷顯示跡痕，按圓形缺陷處理。the defect indicating traces whose length/width ratio is greater than 3 should be treated as linear defects. if the ratio

35、is less than or equal to 3, traces are treated as round defects.5.3. 缺陷顯示跡痕長(zhǎng)軸方向與工件軸線或母線的夾角大于或等于30時(shí)，按橫向缺陷處理，其它按縱向缺陷處理。if the included angle between long axis direction of defect indicating trace and axial line or bus bar of the workpiece is greater than or equal to 30, trace is treated as transverse

36、defect. the others are treated as longitudinal defects.5.4. 兩條或兩條以上缺陷顯示跡痕在同一直線上且間距小于等于2mm時(shí)，按一條缺陷處理，其長(zhǎng)度為顯示跡痕長(zhǎng)度之和加間距。if two or more than two defect indicating traces are on the same straight line and the spacing between them is less than or equal to 2mm, these traces should be treated as one defect. i

37、ts length is equal to the sum of two trace lengths plus space length.6. 缺陷顯示跡痕等級(jí)評(píng)定 grade evaluation of defect indicating traces按照jb4730壓力容器無(wú)損檢測(cè)第12.7條執(zhí)行。evaluation should be carried out according to no.12.7 of jb4730 nondestructive testing of pressure container.7. 報(bào)告reports報(bào)告至少應(yīng)包括下列內(nèi)容:the reports sho

38、uld consist of contents as following：7.1. 委托單位、工件名稱、編號(hào)、形狀、尺寸、材質(zhì)及熱處理狀態(tài)；client, workpieces name, number, shape, size, material and heat-treated condition;7.2. 檢測(cè)部位、檢測(cè)比例、滲透劑牌號(hào)；test site, test ratio, penetrant brand;7.3. 檢測(cè)方法，包括滲透劑類型、顯像方式；test method, including the type of penetrant and the developing m

39、ethod;7.4. 操作條件，包括滲透溫度、滲透時(shí)間、干燥溫度和時(shí)間、顯像時(shí)間；operating condition, including penetration temperature, penetration time, drying temperature and time and developing time;7.5. 檢測(cè)結(jié)果及缺陷等級(jí)評(píng)定；test result and defect grade evaluation;7.6. 缺陷示意圖；illustration of defects;7.7. 檢測(cè)人員、責(zé)任人員簽字及其技術(shù)資格；test personnel, respon

40、sible personnel and their technical qualifications;7.8. 檢測(cè)日期。test date.8. 附錄appendix8.1. 用于非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溫度的檢測(cè)方法（補(bǔ)充件）testing method for non-standard temperatures(supplement)8.2. 概述general當(dāng)滲透檢測(cè)不可能在1550c溫度范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行時(shí)，則要求對(duì)較低或較高溫度時(shí)的檢測(cè)方法作出鑒定。通常使用鋁合金對(duì)比試塊進(jìn)行。when it is impossible to carry out penetration testing at 1550 te

41、mperature range, testing methods for lower or higher temperatures are required to be verified. a lead penetrant comparator is usually used.8.3. 鑒定方法way of verification8.3.1. 溫度低于15c條件下滲透檢測(cè)方法的鑒定。verification of penetration testing at temperatures lower than 15在試塊和所有使用材料都降到預(yù)定溫度后，將準(zhǔn)備的低溫檢測(cè)方法用于b區(qū)。然后把試塊加熱

42、到1550c之間，在a區(qū)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方法進(jìn)行檢測(cè)，比較a、b兩區(qū)的裂紋顯示跡痕。如果顯示跡痕基本上相同，則可以認(rèn)為準(zhǔn)備采用的方法是可行的。when the comparator and all the materials used drop to the pre-decided temperature, apply the testing method for lower temperature to b zone. then heat the comparator to a temperature between 1550 and test a zone using standard method

43、. compare the cracking traces appearing in both a and b zones. if these traces are basically identical, the method to be adapted for lower temperature is acceptable.8.3.2. 溫度高于50c條件下滲透檢測(cè)方法的鑒定a2.2 verification of penetration testing at temperatures higher than 50如果準(zhǔn)備采用的檢測(cè)溫度高于50c，則將試塊加溫至這一溫度，在b區(qū)進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。然

44、后把試塊冷卻到1550c之間，在a區(qū)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方法進(jìn)行檢測(cè)，比較a、b兩區(qū)的裂紋顯示跡痕。如果顯示跡痕基本上相同，則可以認(rèn)為準(zhǔn)備采用的方法是可行的。if the testing temperature to be used is higher than 50, heat the comparator to that temperature and apply testing method to b zone. then cool the comparator to a temperature between 1550 and test a zone using standard method. c

45、ompare the cracking traces in both a and b zones. if these traces are basically identical, the method to be adapted for lower temperature is acceptable.9. 檢測(cè)結(jié)果的發(fā)送。sent the test report9.1. 檢測(cè)結(jié)果由檢測(cè)單位與委托方在檢測(cè)委托協(xié)議中規(guī)定的發(fā)送方式發(fā)送給委托方，但當(dāng)委托方要求用電話，電傳，傳真或電子傳送檢測(cè)結(jié)果時(shí)，委托方將有關(guān)傳送以書(shū)面形式通知檢測(cè)單位，檢測(cè)單位確認(rèn)無(wú)誤后方可發(fā)送。test result shall be sent to the mandatory on standars of inspection organization and mandatory