2000年考研英語答案

1、2000 年考研英語參考答案 【篇一： 2000 年考研英語真題 (含參考答案解析 )】class=txtpart close test directions ： for each numbered blank in the following passage, there arefour choices marked a, b, c and d. choose thebest one and mark your answer on answer sheet 1 byblackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with apencil

2、. (10 points) if a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a widegap between his consumption and his production. he muststore a large quantity of grain 1 consuming all his grainimmediately. he can continue to support himself and hisfamily 2 he produces a surplus. he must use this surplus inthr

3、ee ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 3 theunpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commoditywhich he must sell in order to 4 old agricultural implementsand obtain chemical fertilizers to 5 the soil. he may alsoneed money to construct irrigation 6 and improve his farm inother ways. if no

4、 surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 7 .he must either sell some of his property or 8 extra funds inthe form of loans. naturally he will try to borrow money at alow 9 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 10 obtainable.139 words 1.a other than b as well asc instead of d more than2.a only

5、if b much asc long before d ever since3.a for b againstc of d towards4.a replace b purchasec supplement d dispose5.a enhance b mixc feed d raise6.a vessels b routesc paths d channels7.a self-confident b self-sufficient c self-satisfied dself-restrained8.a search b save c offer d seek9.a proportion b

6、 percentagec rate d ratio10.a genuinely b obviously c presumably d frequentlypart reading comprehension directions: each of the passages below is followed by some questions.for each question there are four answers marked a, b ,c and d. read the passages carefully and choose thebest answer to each of

7、 the questions. then mark your answeron answer sheet 1 by blackening the corresponding letter inthe brackets with a pencil. (40 points)passage 1 a history of long and effortless success can be a dreadfulhandicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a drivingforce. when the united states entered

8、just such a glowingperiod after the end of the second world war, it had a marketeight times larger than any competitor, giving its industriesunparalleled economies of scale. its scientists were theworld?s best; its workers the most skilled. (11)america andamericans were prosperous beyond the dreams

9、of the europeans and asians whose economies the war had destroyed. it was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed asother countries grew richer. just as inevitably, the retreatfrom predominance proved painful. by the mid-1980samericans had found themselves at a loss over their fadingindust

10、rial competitiveness. some huge american industries,such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in theface of foreign competition. by 1987 there was only oneamerican television maker left, zenith. (now there is none:zenith was bought by south korea s lg electronics in july.) （12）foreign-mad

11、e cars and textiles were sweeping into thedomestic market. ?america s machine-tool industry was on theropes. for a while it looked as though the making ofsemiconductors, which america had invented and which sat atthe heart of the new computer age, was going to be the nextcasualty. all of this caused

12、 a crisis of confidence. americansstopped taking prosperity for granted. they began to believethat their way of doing business was failing, and that theirincomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. themid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes ofamerica s industrial decli

13、ne. their sometimes sensationalfindings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.how things have changed! in 1995 the united states can look back on five years of solid growth while japan has beenstruggling. （14）few americans attribute this solely to suchobvious causes a

14、s a devalued dollar or the turning of thebusiness cycle. self-doubt has yielded toblind pride. “american industry has changed its structure,has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick- witted, ”acco rding to richard cavanaugh, executive dean of harvard skennedy school of government. “it makes me

15、 proud to be anamerican just to see how our businesses are improving theirproductivity, ” says stephen moore of the cato institute, a think -tank in washington, dc. and william sahlman of the harvardbusiness school believes that people will look back on thisperiod as “a golden age of business manage

16、ment in the unitedstates. ”429 words 11. the u.s. achieved its predominance after world war iibecause. ait had made painstaking efforts towards thisgoalbits domestic market was eight times larger than beforecthe war had destroyed the economies of most potentialcompetitors dthe unparalleled size of i

17、ts workforce had given an impetus to its economy 12. the loss of u.s. predominance in the world economy in the1980s is manifested in the fact that the american.atv industry had withdrawn to its domestic marketbsemiconductor industry had been taken over by foreignenterprises cmachine-tool industry ha

18、d collapsed aftersuicidal actions dauto industry had lost part of itsdomestic market13. what can be inferred from the passage?ait is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blindpride. bintense competition may contribute to economic progress.c the revival of the economy depends on international

19、cooperate da long history of success may pave the way for further development. 14. the author seems to believe the revival of the u.s. economyin the 1990s can be attributed to the.aturning of the business cycleb restructuring of industryc improved business managementd success in educationpassage 2（1

20、5） being a man has always been dangerous. there areabout 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratiodrops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. but thegreat universal of male mortality is being changed. now, boybabies survive al

21、most as well as girls do. this means that, forthe first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucialyears when they are searching for a mate. more important,another chance for natural selection has been removed. fiftyyears ago, the chance of ababy (particularly a boy baby) surviving depend

22、ed on itsweight. ?a kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certaindeath. today it makes almost no difference. since much ofthe variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution hasgone. there is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stayalive, but have fewer children. few people are

23、 as fertile as inthe past. except in some religious communities, very fewwomen have 15 children. nowadays the number of births,like the age of death, has become average. most of us haveroughly the same number of offspring. （ 16）again,differences between people and the opportunity for natural selecti

24、on to take advantage of it have diminished. indiashows what is happening. ?the country offers wealth for a fewin the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples.the grand mediocrity of today everyone being the same insurvival and number of offspring means that naturalselection has lost

25、 80% of its power in upper-middle-class indiacompared to the tribes.for us, this means that evolution is over; the biological utopia has arrived. strangely, it has involved little physical change.no other species fills so many places in nature. but in thepast 100, 000 years even the past 100 years o

26、ur lives havebeen transformed but our bodies have not. （ 17）we did notevolve, because machines and society did it for us. darwinhad a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they“l(fā)ook at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as atsomething wholly beyond his comprehension. ”no doubt w

27、ewill remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. ?but however amazed ourdescendants may be at how far from utopia we were, they willlook just like us. 406 words 15. what used to be the danger in being a man according tothe first paragraph? a a lack of mates. b a fierc

28、e competition. c alower survival rate. d a defective gene.16. what does the example of india illustrate? a wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poorpeople. b natural selection hardly works among the richand the poor. c the middle class population is 80% smallerthan that of the tribes. d i

29、ndia is one of the countries with a very high birth rate. 17. the author argues that our bodies have stopped evolvingbecause. a life has been improved by technologicaladvanceb the number of female babies has been declining c our species has reached the highest stage of evolution d the difference bet

30、ween wealth and poverty isdisappearing 18. which of the following would be the best title for thepassage?a sex ratio changes in human evolution. b ways of continuing man s evolution. c the evolutionary future of nature.d human evolution going nowhere.passage 3 （ 20）when a new movement in art attains

31、 a certain fashion,it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for,however farfetched and ueasonable their principles may seemtoday, it is possible that in years to come they may beregarded as normal. with regard to futurist poetry, however,the case is rather difficult, for whateve

32、r futurist poetry maybe even admitting that the theory on which it is based may beright it can hardly be classed as literature. this, in brief, is what the futurist says: for a century, pastconditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till nowwe live in a world of noise and violence and s

33、peed.consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions haveundergone a corresponding change. （ 21）this speeding upof life, says the futurist, requires a new form of expression.we must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpretmodern stress. we must pour out a large stream of essentialwords

34、, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finiteverbs. instead of describing sounds we must make up wordsthat imitate them; we must use many sizes of type anddifferent colored inks on the same page, and shorten orlengthen words at will. certainly their descriptions of battles are confused.

35、 but itis a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that acertain line describes a fight between a turkish and a bulgarianofficer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river andthen to find that the line consists of the noise of their fallingand the weights of the officers: “pluff!

36、 pluff! a hundred andeighty- five kilograms. ” （ 22）this, though it fulfills the laws and requirements offuturist poetry, can hardly be classed as literature. all thesame, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for achange of exp

37、ression. the whole question is really this: havewe essentially changed? 334 words 19. this passage is mainly.a a survey of new approaches to artb a review of futurist poetryc about merits of the futurist movementd about laws and requirements of literature20. when a novel literary idea appears, peopl

38、e should try to.a determine its purposes b ignore its flaws【篇二： 2000 年考研英語真題及參考答案解析】irections ： for each numbered blank in the following passage, there arefour choices marked a, b, c and d. choose thebest one and mark your answer on answer sheet 1 byblackening the corresponding letter in the bracket

39、s with apencil. (10 points) if a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. he must store a large quantity of grain 1consuming all his grain immediately. he can continue tosupport himself and his family 2 he produces a surplus. hemust use thi

40、s surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as aninsurance 3 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as acommodity which he must sell in order to 4 old agriculturalimplements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 5 the soil. hemay also need money to construct irrigation 6 and improvehis farm in o

41、ther ways. if no surplus is available, a farmercannot be 7 . he must either sell some of his property or 8extra funds in the form of loans. naturally he will try toborrow money at a low 9 of interest, but loans of this kind arenot 10 obtainable. 139 words 1.a other than2. aonly if 3. a for4.a replac

42、e 5. a enhance 6. a vesselsb as well as b much asc instead ofc of c feedd more than d towardsd dispose d raisec long befored ever sinceb against b purchase b mixc supplementb routes c paths d channels7.a self-confident c self-satisfied8. a search9.a proportion 10. a genuinely directions:b self-suffi

43、cient dself-restrained c offer c rated seek d ratio d frequentlyb saveb percentage b obviouslyc presumablypart reading comprehension each of the passages below is followed by some questions.for each question there are four answers marked a, b ,c and d. read the passages carefully and choose thebest

44、answer to each of the questions. then mark your answeron answer sheet 1 by blackening the corresponding letter inthe brackets with a pencil. (40 points) passage 1 a history of long and effortless success can be a dreadfulhandicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a drivingforce. when the unit

45、ed states entered just such a glowingperiod after the end of the second world war, it had a marketeight times larger than any competitor, giving its industriesunparalleled economies of scale. its scientists were theworld?s best; its workers the most skilled. (11)america andamericans were prosperous

46、beyond the dreams of theeuropeans and asians whose economies the war had destroyed. it was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed asother countries grew richer. just as inevitably, the retreatfrom predominance proved painful. by the mid-1980samericans had found themselves at a loss over t

47、heir fadingindustrial competitiveness. some huge american industries,such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in theface of foreign competition. by 1987 there was only oneamerican television maker left, zenith. (now there is none:zenith was bought by south korea s lg electronics in july.

48、) （12）foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into thed omestic market. ?america s machine -tool industry was on theropes. for a while it looked as though the making ofsemiconductors, which america had invented and which sat atthe heart of the new computer age, was going to be the nextcasualty.

49、 all of this caused a crisis of confidence. americansstopped taking prosperity for granted. they began to believethat their way of doing business was failing, and that theirincomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. themid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes ofamerica

50、 s industrial decline. their sometimes sensationalfindings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.how things have changed! in 1995 the united states can look back on five years of solid growth while japan has beenstruggling. （14）few americans attribute this solely to s

51、uchobvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of thebusinesscycle. self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. “american industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick- witted, ” according to richardcavanaugh, executive dean of harvard s kennedy school ofgover

52、nment. “it makes me proud to be an american just tosee how our businesses are improving their productivity, ”says stephen moore of the cato institute, a think-tank in washington, dc. and william sahlman of the harvard business school believes that people will look back on thisperiod as “a golden age

53、 of business management in the united states. ”429 words 11. the u.s. achieved its predominanceafter world war ii because. a it had made painstakingefforts towards this goal b its domestic market was eighttimes larger than beforec the war had destroyed the economies of most potentialcompetitors d th

54、e unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy 12. the loss of u.s. predominance in the world economy in the1980s is manifested in the fact that the american. a tvindustry had withdrawn to its domestic marketb semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreignenterprises

55、 c machine-tool industry had collapsed aftersuicidal actions d auto industry had lost part of itsdomestic market 13. what can be inferred from the passage? a it is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blindpride. b intense competition may contribute to economicprogress. c the revival of the

56、economy depends oninternational cooperation. d a long history of success maypave the way for further development.14. the author seems to believe the revival of the u.s. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the. a turning of thebusiness cycle c improved business management passage 2（ 15）being a

57、man has always been dangerous. there are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. but thegreat universal of male mortality is being changed. now, boybabies survive almost as well as girls do. this means that,