正反、反正表達(dá)法

1、引申的必要性邏輯引申幾種情況具體 抽象 抽象 具體 轉(zhuǎn)變視角某些表示具體事物的詞在翻譯時(shí)可以進(jìn)行抽象化引申 Every life has its roses and thorns.每個(gè)人的生活都有甜有苦。（譯文中對(duì)rose,thorns進(jìn)行了抽象化引申。）具體化引申：有些代表抽象概念的詞翻譯時(shí)可以將詞義進(jìn)行具體化引申。例 :The administration was free from corruption. 這屆政府沒有腐敗現(xiàn)象。（句中corruption譯為腐敗現(xiàn)象更符合漢語習(xí)慣。本句中tiger原義為老虎，但在此處意指標(biāo)號(hào)高的優(yōu)質(zhì)汽油；本文是講司機(jī)在馬路上開車時(shí)的行為舉止，故第二個(gè)不定

2、式中的one (tiger)，從上下文的邏輯意思看，無疑是指橫沖直撞的司機(jī)，相當(dāng)于英語中的a reckless driver。It is all very well (for sb. to do sth.)，but .意為當(dāng)然可以但，例如：Its all very well for you to suggest a holiday in Italy, but how am I to find the money? (你提議去意大利度假的確很好，但我怎么去籌劃這筆錢呢?)1.Here the exporters assets (the money due from the overseas bu

3、yer) will always match his liability (his foreign currency borrowings).這樣，出口商的資產(chǎn)（應(yīng)收海外買方的款項(xiàng)）和自己的債務(wù)（海外這樣，出口商的資產(chǎn)（應(yīng)收海外買方的款項(xiàng)）和自己的債務(wù)（海外借款）之間總是保持借款）之間總是保持平衡的平衡的。 （X 相等、相似、相配或相當(dāng)于）相等、相似、相配或相當(dāng)于） 2 and for good reason: lenders worry that theyll be throwing money down a black hole.其原因很簡單：放貸者擔(dān)心他們的錢會(huì)扔進(jìn)一個(gè)其原因很簡單：放貸

4、者擔(dān)心他們的錢會(huì)扔進(jìn)一個(gè)無底洞無底洞。抽象化引申在接下來的四個(gè)星期里，消息時(shí)好時(shí)壞，兩種情況不斷交替出現(xiàn)，一直沒有明朗化。概念范圍的調(diào)整外延的擴(kuò)大或縮小Poetry suffers in translation, and the reader suffers with it.詩歌經(jīng)過翻譯就要遭殃， 詩歌遭殃， 讀者就要跟著受罪。More examples:1. Our unique concept was a response to buyer needs, bringing greater reliability, higher-quality output, exceptional use

5、r-friendliness and operational ease.我們唯一的信念就是要適應(yīng)購買者的需要，生產(chǎn)更可靠的、質(zhì)量我們唯一的信念就是要適應(yīng)購買者的需要，生產(chǎn)更可靠的、質(zhì)量更高的產(chǎn)品，更高的產(chǎn)品， 讓使用者感到格外好用和操作方便。（邏輯引讓使用者感到格外好用和操作方便。（邏輯引申申 ）2.He had lived all his life in desert where every cupful of water might be a matter of life and death.他一直在沙漠上生活，他一直在沙漠上生活， 這地方每一杯水都得精打細(xì)算地用；這這地方每一杯水都得精打

6、細(xì)算地用；這一杯水可能是生死攸關(guān)的事。一杯水可能是生死攸關(guān)的事。Exercises:1. Excuse me.2. Mr. Chairman, nobody is absent from todays meeting.3. Since you have heard of the matter, I cannot but tell you in detail.4. Transshipment is unacceptable to us.5. He is no stranger to securities trading.6. Students are discouraged from smoking.7. This fact is above /beyond suspicion.8. We shall wait in the office till you arrive.9. I can not leave you alone.