Special Words(專業(yè)詞組)

1、General 通用法規(guī)，規(guī)范code 標準standard暫行標準tentative standard達到標準come up to the standard定標準fix (set up) a standard標書，技術規(guī)格specification要求requirement滿足要求fulfill requirement細則regulation規(guī)則rule法律law條款provision總則general provision附帶條件，限制性條款proviso判椐criterion (pl. criteria)約定條件stipulation合同規(guī)定on the stipulation that合

2、同contract簽訂合同sign a contract擬訂合同draw up a contract違約breach of contract代理人mandatory強制性的mandatory, restrictive非強制性的optional條件condition符合conform to (with)遵守comply with確認confirm證書certificate認可approve (v), approval (n.)接收accept (v.), acceptance (n.), acceptable (a.)評定qualify (v.) qualification (n.)滿足meet

3、許可permit拒收reject 廢品rejection鑒別identify提交submit to論證demonstrate公約convention仲裁arbitration公證notarization公證人public notary商檢commodity inspection & testing獨立檢驗員independent inspector業(yè)主代表representative of S / V業(yè)主owner委托人client簽署sign要求request監(jiān)理員supervisor, surveyor檢查鑒定survey檢查inspect, check, 驗證verify目擊，見證wit

4、ness禁止prohibit建議recommend滿意的satisfactory授權authorize文件document審查review監(jiān)控monitor測定detect逐個檢驗individual inspection抽樣檢驗sampling inspection, cross check巡檢touring inspection, patrol inspection評價evaluate試驗test實驗experiment試樣specimen可跟蹤性traceability預先具有資格prequalify判定，評價judge責任responsibility, obligation, duty

5、折衷，兼顧compromise官方，管理局authority樣本sample保證assure通知單notification通知notify (v.) notice (n.)會議紀要minutes數量quantity質量quality質量控制quality control(Q.C)質量保證quality assurance(Q.A)缺陷defect損壞damage臨界的critical受控文件valid document停止點hold point(H)交貨delivery竣工圖as-built drawing原始記錄original record傳閱recycle批注comment答復reply

6、緊急urgent宣讀read out直線度straightness垂直度perpendicular平整度flatness同心度concentricity同軸度axiality平行度parallelism圓度roundness平面度planeness隨機的random不平uneven空心hollow同心concentricity偏心eccentric表面粗糙度surface roughness尺寸公差dimension tolerance允許誤差admissible error上偏差upper deviation下偏差lower deviation尺寸dimension 長度length寬度wi

7、dth高度height厚度thickness深度depth跨度span直徑diameter半徑radius外徑outer diameter內徑inner diameter口徑caliber拱度camber撓度deflection旁彎lateral flexure徑向跳動runout端面跳動endface runout中心線偏斜lack of alignment彎曲flexure, bending斜度slope角度angle對角線diagonal平行線parallel中心線center line斜線oblique line切線tangential line輪廓線contour line原點，起點

8、original 指標index轉速rotary speed方向direction指南guide選定choose選擇select挑選pick爐批號heat / plate number, heat batch爐、批lot or heat編制drafting簽發(fā)sign & issue執(zhí)行performance報標invitation for tender投標tender, bid開標bid opening中標success of bid詢價inquiry標價quotation of prices, offer不相符non-conformance遺漏omission去掉remove更換renew

9、修補repair幾何形狀geometry型號model暫時temporarily測量measure附件annex, attachment修正amend型材bar stock濕氣moisture發(fā)出issue填寫fill in開工會kick-off meeting間距interval承包商contractor分保商subcontractor供貨商supplier操作錯誤operate missing簽證visa敲打檢查hammering test拉伸試驗tensile test沖擊韌性impact toughness沖擊功impact work 抗拉強度tensile strength屈服強度y

10、ield strength彎曲角angle of bending沖擊韌性試驗impact cupping test壓扁試驗squeezing test側彎試驗side bend test背彎試驗root bend test面彎試驗face bend test縱彎試驗axial bend test硬度試驗hardness test破斷延伸率percentage of elongation of break斷面收縮率percentage seduction of area無損檢測nondestructive test (NDT)破壞試驗destructive test外觀檢查visual exam

11、ination 超聲波探傷ultrasonic test (UT)射線探傷radiographic test(RT)磁粉探傷magnetic particle test (MT)滲透探傷penetrant test (PT)密封性試驗leak test氣密試驗air tight test 壓力試驗pressure test水壓試驗hydraulic test氣壓試驗pneumatic test沖水試驗fill water test宏觀組織檢查macroscopic examination微觀組織檢查microcosmic examination侵蝕erosion底片radiographic t

12、est film變形distortion試運行trial operation永久變形permanent deformation凸起camber凸出protrusion凹進concave超出protrude beyond清除decontaminate失敗，故障failure斷裂fracture塌陷，凹陷collapse中斷discontinuity裂縫crack發(fā)裂flaw龜裂fissure毛細裂紋capillary crack起始裂紋incipient crack斷層裂紋fault fissure積水stagnant water船艙cabinProcessing 工藝加工processing,

13、 working工藝學technology工藝技術technique工藝的technologic工位station, position工序procedure, operation工步step車間shop, workshop工廠mill, factory, manufacturer工地、現場site外場yard, field側面side斷面section結構structure, construction構件,部件member, component零件part, element機構mechanism裝置device機件machinery機械零件mechanical element基準datum水平

14、基準線horizontal reference line精度accuracy余量allowance組件assemble分裝件subassemble包裝package外協件cooperation外購件purchase part備件spare part裸裝件nudes散裝件odd lot, odds & ends拆包unpackaging工件workpiece裝箱單packing list焊接Welding對接焊butt welding角焊fillet welding搭接焊lap welding船形焊fillet welding in down hand塞焊plug welding平焊down h

15、and welding橫焊horizontal position welding立焊vertical position welding仰焊overhead position welding全位置焊all position welding平角焊horizontal fillet welding仰角焊fillet welding in the overhead襯墊焊welding with backing 單面焊雙面成形one-side welding with back formation定位焊tack welding堆焊surfacing返修焊rewelding補焊repair welding

16、隔離層堆焊buttering手工焊manual welding自動焊automatic welding焊條電弧焊shielded metal arc welding(SMAW)埋弧焊submerged arc welding(SAW)氣保焊gas shielded arc welding氬弧焊argon arc welding鎢極氬弧焊argon tungsten arc welding熔化極惰性氣體保護焊MIG鎢極惰性氣體保護焊TIG活性氣體保護電弧焊metal active-gas arc welding (MAG)CO2氣保焊carbon-dioxide arc welding 藥芯焊絲

17、CO2氣保焊arcos arc process, dual shielded arc welding單面焊welding by one side雙面焊welding by both sides單道焊single pass welding多道焊multi-pass welding單層焊single layer welding多層焊 multi-layer welding連續(xù)焊continuous welding斷續(xù)焊intermittent welding打底焊backing welding蓋面焊cosmetic welding分段退焊backstep welding縱縫longitudinal

18、 seam橫縫transverse seam環(huán)縫circumferential seam螺旋縫spiral seam坡口groove坡口面groove face坡口面角度level angle坡口角度groove angle 坡口高度groove depth鈍邊root face鈍邊高度thickness of root face根部間隙root gap根部半徑root radius根部銳邊root edgeI型坡口square groove坡形板邊（削?。﹖apered edge焊縫表面weld face焊縫背面back of weld焊縫尺寸size of weld焊縫厚度throat t

19、hickness熔深penetration焊縫成形appearance of weld余高reinforcement背面余高root reinforcement焊腳leg焊縫腰高焊根weld root焊趾weld toe凸形角焊縫convex fillet weld凹形角焊縫concave fillet weld交錯斷續(xù)角焊縫staggered intermittent fillet weld并列斷續(xù)角焊縫chain intermittent fillet weld密封焊縫seal weld熔透焊縫penetration bead保留墊板permanent臨時墊板temporary backi

20、ng墊板backing銅墊板copper backing焊劑墊flux backing引弧板run-on tab end tab引出板run-off tab end tab 引弧arc start, arc burning熄弧arc outage, arc blowout焊接工藝評定welding procedure qualification(WPQ)焊接工藝規(guī)程welding procedure specification(WPS)焊接工藝參數welding parameter焊接電流welding current電弧電壓arc voltage焊接速度weld travel speed預熱

21、preheat后熱postheat層間溫度interpass temperature焊后熱處理post weld heat treatment焊接環(huán)境welding surroundings焊工考試welder qualification test清根root back gouged, back chipping清渣slag removal定位板（馬strong-back電弧偏吹arc flow熔滴droplet拼接splice焊縫清理weld cleaning氣刨gouge批鑿chip錘擊peening捻縫caulking中間焊層intermediate weld layer劃線mark o

22、ff熔渣slag 焊縫穿越孔weld access hole焊態(tài)as-weld過熱組織overheated structure魏氏組織Widmannsttten structure層狀偏析lamellar segregation熔合線bound line熱影響區(qū)heat-affected zone (HAZ)碳當量carbon equivalent晶間腐蝕intercryctalline corrosion敏化區(qū)腐蝕weld decay焊接殘余應力welding residual stress消除應力stress relieving退火消除應力stress relieving by annea

23、ling焊接殘余變形welding residual deformation角變形angular distortion波浪變形wave-like deformation扭曲twisted收縮shrinkage反變形backward deformation剛性固定rigid fixing校正straighten火焰校正flame straightening焊接缺陷weld defect裂紋crack層狀撕裂lamellar tearing氣孔blowhole密集氣孔porosity蟲形氣孔worm hole咬邊undercut焊瘤overlap凹坑pit燒穿burn through塌陷exces

24、sive penetration未焊透incomplete penetration未熔合incomplete fusion未焊滿Incompletely filled weld根部缺陷root concaving電弧擦傷arc scratch, arc strike夾渣slag inclusion白點fish eye錯邊dislocation, mismatching, misalignment分層stratification嵌條insert飛濺spatter機械擦傷mechanical damage焊縫成形差rough weld錘痕hammering pit麻點pock邊緣不平整rough

25、edge剝落peel弧坑crater焊道曲折zigzag weld外形規(guī)整smooth contour歪斜crooked翹曲warping焊接材料welding consumables焊條electrode酸性焊條acid electrode堿性焊條basic electrode低氫焊條low hydrogen type electrode焊劑welding flux焊絲welding wire鍍銅焊絲copper -plating welding wire藥心焊絲flux-cored wire電弧焊機arc welding machine弧焊電源arc welding power sourc

26、e焊條保溫筒thermostat for electrode干燥箱dryer地線earth lead地線夾頭earth clamp平臺platen滾輪架turning roll胎架placentas壓縮空氣compressed air焊接量規(guī)weld gauge測溫筆tempil stick打磨grind (ground)焊鉗electrode holder砂輪機grinder鋼絲刷wire brush砂紙sand-paper砂布emery cloth氣焊gas welding氧-乙炔焊oxy-acetylene welding熱噴涂thermal spraying氣割gas cutting電

27、弧切割arc cutting等離子弧切割plasma arc cutting (PAC)空氣等離子弧切割air plasma arc cutting仿形切割shape cutting數控切割NC cutting碳弧氣刨carbon arc air gouging坡口切割bevel cutting切割面質量quality of cut face缺口notch掛渣adhering slag結瘤dross周邊焊around welding電弧偏吹arc blow焊態(tài)as-welded銅墊板copper chill plate焊接熔池weld pool焊接區(qū)weld region送絲速度wire fe

28、ed speed反變形backward deformation收縮變形contraction deformation翹曲變形deflection deformation油漆Painting底漆primer painting, under coating中層漆intermediary painting面漆finishing painting, top coating鋅粉底漆硬化劑curing agent, hardener溶劑solvent溶劑氣化solvent boiling稀釋劑thinner環(huán)氧富鋅漆epoxy zinc rich primer磷化漆Phosphorized paintin

29、g 瀝青asphalt表面預處理surface pretreatment噴砂sand blasting噴丸shot blasting除銹rust removal, derusting除漆depainting脫脂degreasing除氧化皮scaling噴涂spray painting刷涂brushing防銹antirust輥涂roller-painting電鍍electroplating鍍鋅galvanized膩子putty刮膩子puttying擦凈scouring晾干airing嵌填implant防滑面漆finishing non-slip paint清漆varnish防銹漆rust pre

30、ventive oil脫脂漆antirust grease防銹紙rust preventive paper攪拌stirring條紋狀涂層stripe coating色素pigment沉淀sediment無空氣噴漆airless spray相對濕度relative air humidity濕度計moisture gauge, psychomotor粗糙度profile roughness干膜厚度dry film thickness (D.F.T)濕膜厚度wet film thickness (W.F.T.)膜厚儀film thickness gauge粘度計viscosity meter露天op

31、en含水量moisture content混合比例mixing ratio風向fan angle清潔度 cleanliness覆蓋度coverage露點測量器dew point calculation汽化flash off再噴涂最小間隔minimum recoating interval附著力試驗paint adherence test, cross-hatch test附著力 adhesion密度density起泡blistering氣泡bubble氣孔blowhole針孔pin hole起皺wrinkling, crumple凹坑pitting流淌running流掛sagging起皮pee

32、ling桔皮狀orange peeling發(fā)黑blackening泛黃yellowing開裂cracking顏色和光澤不均勻uneven colour & gloss涂層中夾灰和砂retention of dust &sand厚度不均勻uneven thickness of film露底holiday剝落peel off脫皮spalling刷痕brush mark滲色bleeding自然老化weathering飛漆overspray漆渣paint dregs油漆燒焦burnt &charred paint褪色discolour; fading粉狀表面powdery surface污染conta

33、mination鱗片lamination刮痕scratch堆積accumulation混濁膜blushing烤焦boiling粘附sticks浪費油漆over consumption of paint隱蔽部位hidden past散布scattered殘余物residues光澤gloss均勻地evenly尾狀漆t(yī)ailing灰塵dust銹rust干燥drying油漆附著力強度值painting adherence strength value氧化皮oxide scale冷作cold work配作matching making對稱制作symmetrical排料blank layout放樣loft

34、ing, layout展開development號料layout off脹形bulging擴口flaring ,expanding縮口necking拱曲arching放邊release side卷邊curling, crimping折邊hemming, folding翻邊flanging刨邊edge planning修邊trimming拔緣side bending矯正、校形correction, rectification矯直straightening, leveling校平flattening劃線laying out切斷cutting打樣沖眼center-punching鋸切sawing鏨削

35、chipping鏟去chips off壓皺corrugate銼削filing堵孔hole plugging出白baring工件work piece嵌補inserting貼補patching榫接rabbet拋光polishing機械加工Machining, Mechanical working鉗工加工bench working砂紙打磨sanding找正centering配鍵key fitting刮研spotting-in, rescraping配研running-in, facing-up毛刺burr去毛刺deburring無毛刺out buss打磨修正dress修磨光滑dressed smoo

36、th滾花knurling倒角chamfering倒圓角sounding, filleting倒鈍銳邊breaking sharp corners，rounding sharp edges車削turning rolls銑削milling刨削planning, shaping鉆孔drilling鉸孔reaming锪削spotting鏜削boring插削slotting拉削(pull) broaching推削push broaching鏟削relieving, backing-off刮削scraping磨削grinding滾削hobbing擴孔counterboring, core drilling

37、沖孔punching, piercing, perforation鉆中心孔centering模具die, mould力矩扳手torque wrench鉚接riveting剪斷shearing鋸斷sawing粘接glued joint, adhesive-bonding熱處理Heat treatment表面熱處理surface heat treatment固溶處理solution heat treatment穩(wěn)定化處理stabilizing treatment水韌處理water toughening滲碳carburization, carburizing滲氮nitriding磷化phosphat

38、ing硬化,強化hardening時效ageing退火annealing正火normalizing淬火quenching回火tempering調質quenching& tempering脫碳decarbonization過燒burning過熱overheating冷脆cold brittleness熱(紅)脆hot(red) shortness氫脆hydrogen embrittlement藍脆blue brittleness回火脆性temper brittleness偏析segregation白點flake, white spot軟點soft spot晶粒grain晶界grain bound

39、ary斷口fracture總裝general assembly零件裝配component assembly部件裝配subassembly配合fit安裝erection, installation拆卸disassembly, dismantle磨擦friction磨損abrasion, wear潤滑Lubrication 集中潤滑central lubrication分散潤滑separate lubrication泄漏leakage密封seal填料函(箱)stuffing box填料packing鑄造Casting 冒口riser, feeder澆口gate, sprue粘砂burning-on

40、砂眼sand hole氣眼air pocket結瘤heel多肉metallic projections殘缺incompleteness冷隔cold shut縮孔shrinkage清砂cleaning鑄型mold型芯core鑄件casting鍛造Forging 鍛件forge piece成形forming輥形roll forming沖壓stamping, pressing, punching沖裁,落料blanking旋壓spinning滾壓rolling拉延drawing拉拔drawing, draft軋制rolling彎形bending彎管pipe bending卷園edge coiling切

41、口lancing翻孔hole flanging滾園rolling circle下料cropping沖壓件stamping回彈spring-back展寬spreading角裂chink飛邊flash off連皮wad, slug凸耳earing隆起、堆積piling, build-up燒損scale (heating)loss縮孔shrinkage cavity缺肉underfill非金屬夾雜non-metallic inclusions折（重）疊lap, overlap錯差mismatch粉末冶金Powder metallurgy粉末冶金制品powder product燒結結構零件sinter

42、ed structural part手提電腦notepad, laptop程序program軟盤floppy disk軟件software光盤CD-ROM病毒virus殺毒kill virus數碼像機digital camera容量capacityCrane起重機橋吊quayside crane (R.M.Q.C)輪胎吊rubber tyred gantry crane(RTG)裝船機ship loader卸船機ship unloader堆取料機stacker-reclaimer前大梁boom后大梁girder立柱，支腿leg海側seaside陸側landside上橫梁upper beam下橫

43、梁sill beam連接橫梁horizontal beam梯形架A-frame, pylon大平衡梁upper equalizer中平衡梁intermediate equalizer小平衡梁lower equalizer主動車架driving bogie從動車架driven bogie前拉桿forestay后拉桿backstay斜撐桿diagonal bar機器房machinery house司機室operators cab電器房electrical room理貨室checks cab俯仰操縱室boom hoist cab小車trolley 大車gantry托纜小車catenary troll

44、ey吊具spreader 上架headblock電梯elevator吊鉤橫梁hook beam輔助結構auxiliary structure后置平臺rear platform傾轉平臺trim / list / skew (T / L / S) platform上鉸座upper bracket下鉸座lower bracket防掛倉裝置snag load device錨定裝置anchor device頂軌裝置 rail brake device防風系纜tie down防碰撞裝置bumper軌道夾鉗rail clamp吊具調整裝置trim, list & skew device安全鉤boom lat

45、ch, safe hook電纜卷筒cable drum, cable winder電纜拖令festoon cable車擋stopper避雷針lightning rod滅火器fire extinguisher防搖裝置anti-sway device防跳裝置anti-bouncer防松裝置slack-preventing device起升滑輪main hoist reel牽引滑輪trolley travel reel俯仰滑輪boom hoist sheave/pulley出繩罩ropes outlet hood吊耳lifting lug鉸點hinge隔板diaphragm腹板web蓋板flange

46、縱向加筋longitudinal fillet承軌梁track girder, rail beam橫梁transverse beam, cross beam伸縮梁telescopic beam吊具導板flipper吊具轉銷spreader twistlock梯子ladder階梯stop, stair平臺platform走臺footwalk, walkway扶手hand rail欄桿railing護欄protection cage直梯vertical stair斜梯inclined stairs(ladder)踢腳板skirting boards, foot panel波紋板corrugated

47、 plate花紋板chequered plate網板wire-mesh plate 格柵板grating plate, grid plate折邊板edgefold plate支承板bracket 支架support拉板tie plate檔板baffle鉤銷hook pin聯接板link plate泄水孔drainage hole排水孔outlet entrance排水管draw-off tube銘牌name plate鋼絲繩steel wire, rope卷揚筒drum馬達motor減速器reducer滑輪reel, sheave, pulley制動器brake制動盤brake disc制動瓦塊brake shoe制動鼓brake drum制動帶brake belt制動杠桿brake lever聯軸節(jié)coupling萬向聯軸節(jié)universal coupling離合器clutch齒輪gear內齒輪internal gear外齒輪external gear斜齒輪helical gear人字齒輪double helical gear傘齒輪bevel gear太陽中心齒輪sun gear行星齒輪planet gear蝸輪worm gear蝸桿worm齒條rack軸axle, shaf