最新名詞性從句講義及綜合練習

1、精品文檔空課講義三答案名詞性從句在復合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。它包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。 名詞性從句是中學階段的一個重要語法項目，在歷年的高考中幾乎都涉及到， 并且每年的命題各有變化。分析歷屆高考試題名詞性從句考查的焦點主要有以下六個方面1. 考查引導詞that 與 what 的區(qū)別2. 考查 it 在名詞性從句中作形式主語或形式賓語的用法3. 考查名詞性從句中的疑問詞+ever引導的名詞性從句與no matter+疑問詞引導的狀語從句的區(qū)別4. 考查名詞性從句的虛擬語氣問題一、名詞性從句的連接詞主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句，在整個句子中所起的作用

2、，相當于一個名詞。因此，這四種從句通稱為名詞性從句。引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：連接詞：that, whether, if （不充當從句的任何成分）連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.連接副詞：when, where, how, why二、具體分類：1. 主語從句作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that， whether， if 和連接代詞what， who， which ， whatever， whoever 以及連接副詞how， when， where， why 等詞引導。that在句中無詞義，

3、只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當從句的成分。例如：1） What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。2） It is known to us how he became a writer. 我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。3） Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英語晚會將在哪里舉行，還沒有宣布。4） That the earth moves around the sun （地球圍繞

4、太陽轉(zhuǎn)） is a truth.5） Whoever studies hard（任何努力學習的人 ）will pass the exam.6）What I told you（我所告訴你的）just now was what had been written in the letter.7）Whether I accept the gift or refuse it（ 我是接受禮物還是拒絕它）is none of your business.有時用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。常用句 型如下：a. It + be +形容詞+ that-從句It is nece

5、ssary (important, obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.) that 有必要/重要的是 (從句用虛擬語氣)b. It + be + -ed 分詞 + that-從句It is believed ( said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc).that 人們相信c. It + be + 名詞 + that-從句It is

6、common knowledge ( no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc).that 是常識d. It +不及物動詞+ that-分句It appears / happens/ occurred to sb that 彳以乎8) .他沒有想到Jack能夠把這道題目做出來。It didnt occur to him that Jack could figure it out.9) .真奇怪你這樣說。It is strange that you should say so.10) .英語正被接受為國際的語言，這是事

7、實。It is a fact that English is regarded as an International language.2.賓語從句作動詞或介詞的賓語1) . You can write about(無論什么)topic you like. whatever2) . He made quite clear he wouldnt change his mind. it; that3) . You may choose from(從乘U下的東西中 ). what is left4) . I dont doubt my friend John will come to China

8、soon. that5) . I doubt he will come or not. whether6) . I dont think true that he came to the concert yesterday. it7) . She told her pupils that the earth is round.(不用 was)8) .He said (that) he would spend his winter holiday in London this year and that it would be the first time he would spend his

9、holiday alone abroad.規(guī)律總結：(1)主句的謂語是 make, find , see, hear等，而且?guī)в袕秃腺e語時，可把賓語從句放在賓補之后，用it作形式賓語。(2)某些adj.如sure, happy, glad, certain等，以及一些非謂語動詞之后可帶賓從。(3)主句的謂語動詞如果是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，賓語從句的謂語動詞可以不受限制.主句的謂語動詞如果是過去時，則賓語從句的謂語動詞通常必須用過去的各種時態(tài)，這叫時態(tài)的一致性.但有兩種情況不受事態(tài)一致性的約束，即賓語從句中有具體的時間或講述的內(nèi)容是真理、客觀事實。(4) doubt的賓語從句：在否定句中用 that,

10、肯定句中用 whether.(5) (5)用 who, whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever,whichever等關聯(lián)詞引導的賓語從句相當于特殊疑問句，應注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例 1) 3)(6)當一個動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上that引導的賓語從句時，第一個 that that從句一般不能充當介詞賓語，偶爾可作 except, in , but的賓語。如：Tom is a nice boy, except that he is sometimes late for school.湯姆是個很棒的男孩

11、，除了有時上學遲到。His request is unreasonable in that he knows we cant afford it.他的要求是不合理的，因為他知道我們負擔不起。賓語從句中的虛擬語氣I insist that she (should) do her work alone.我堅持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.司令 員 命令吾B 隊馬 上出 發(fā)。規(guī)律總結：在 demand, order, advise, recommend, propose, suggest, deci

12、de, insist, desire, request, command, require等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后，賓語從句常用 (should)+動詞原形”。3 .表語從句The fact is that we have lost the game.事實是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場比賽。That is why he didnt come to the meeting.那就是他為什么不到會的原因。 It looks as if it is going to rain.看上去天要下雨了。 The reason why he was late was that he missed the

13、train by one minute this morning Shenzhen is not what it was 10 years ago.規(guī)律總結：1 .在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導表語從句的關聯(lián)詞與引導主語從句的關聯(lián)詞 大致一樣，表語從句位于連系動詞后，有時用as if引導。其基本結構為：主語+系動詞+ that從句。2 . that不省略3 .需要注意的，當主語是reason時，表語從句要用 that引導而不是because表語從句中的虛擬語氣： 在advice, suggestion, proposal, recommendation, demand,request, r

14、equirement, command, order等名詞后面的表語從句中，句子要用虛擬語氣。如：My suggestions that we should give him another chance.Her requirement is that she should be sent to Tibet to work.4 .同位語從句同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句通常由that引導，規(guī)律總結：可用于同位語從句的名詞有advice、 demand、 doubt、 fact、 hope、 idea、 information、message news、order、proble

15、m promise question、request suggestion、truth wish、wordThe news that we won the game is exciting.我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人激動。I have no idea when he will come back home.我不知道他什么時候回來。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.他想到可能瑪麗生病了。The question how they could get the information was brought forwa

16、rd at the meeting .The government warned that the rumour that an earthquake would hit Harbin was not believa ble.下歹U名詞如：advice, suggestion, proposal, recommendation, demand, request, requirement,command, order等用于同位語從句時，從句要用虛擬語氣。即 should + do , should可省略My suggestion that we should collect money for

17、the poor girl has been taken.My parents have approved of my request that I should go abroad to study.三、名詞性從句中需要注意的幾個問題1、whether/if（是否）引導的名詞性從句whether和if的區(qū)別whether和if的區(qū)別whether和if在賓語從句中可以互換， 但是作介詞賓語時連接詞一般用whetherIt all depends on whether they will come back.后面直接跟or not時只能用whetherI didn t knowhether o

18、r not he had arrived in Wuhan.主語從句、表語從句中只能用whetherWhether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.在discuss后引導賓語從句時只能用whetherThey are discussing whether they should spare some money to help the victims.whether可以引導同位語從句，用以說明前面的名詞的內(nèi)容，而 if不能We ought to discuss the question carefully whether

19、 we can do it or not.whether常與 or連用表不一種選擇，f不能這1用；whether也可與動詞 不定式連用但if不能The question of whether they are male or female is not important. I don t know whetheto leave or not.2. what, wh-ever, that引導的名詞性從句Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea. This is what my mother used to tell me.（2014浙江高考）（表語

20、從句）“每次你吃糖的時候要喝點綠茶?！边@是我媽媽過去 常常告訴我的事情。Whoever wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.（主語從句 ）任何一個想要住旅店的人都必須自己付錢。 We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.（賓語從句）我們承諾無論誰參加晚會，都有一次機會與這位電影明星合影。Whatever/No matter what you say, I will not believe you.（

21、讓步狀語從句）What I can do now is go to sleep. f All that I can do is go to sleep. The problem is that we dont have enough money.規(guī)律總結：1 . what引導名詞性從句時，what在從句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語。而 that不充當 成分。2 .疑問詞+ ever可引導名詞性從句， 在從句中要充當一定的成分。whoever與whatever表泛指，意為 無論誰，無論什么；whichever表示在特定范圍內(nèi)選擇，意為 無論的哪一個/哪一些3 .疑問詞+ ever還可以引導讓步狀語

22、從句。4 . no matter疑問詞”只能引導讓步狀語從句。3.同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別 The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他們贏得比賽的消息很快就傳遍了整個學校。（同位語從句，進一步解釋 the news的內(nèi)容） The news （that） you told me yesterday was really disappointing.你昨天告訴我的消息真的很令人失望。（定語從句，它指的是“你昨天告訴我的那個消息”）I had no idea that you were here,

23、 （that引導同位語從句，不能省略）Have you got the idea （that） this book gives you of life in ancient Greece （that 引導 定語從句，作賓語，可以省略）規(guī)律總結：1 .同位語從句是對前面名詞的內(nèi)容作進一步的解釋、說明，引導詞that只起引導作用，在句中不作任何成分，一般不可省略。2 .定語從句是對前面名詞進行修飾、限制，引導詞在句中作一定的句子成分。名詞性從句練習：語法填空：1. Every year,makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Ki

24、te Festival. whoever2. Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing she was heading.where3. We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of it usedto charge.what4. She asked me I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn t.wheth

25、er5. Your support is important to our work.you can do helps.Whatever6. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is one can be entirely free from dust.that精品文檔精品文檔1 .It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.that8 . The manager put forward a suggestion we should have

26、an assistant. There is too muchwork to do.that9 .You have to know youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.where1.1 I truly believe beauty comes from within.that11. A ship in harbor is safe, but that s not ships are built for.what12. If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to inv

27、estigateis below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water.what13. We must find out Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.when14. The exhibition tells uswe should do something to stop air pollution.why15. Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration forDoris

28、Lessing had achieved inliterature.what16. I wonder Mary has kept her figure after all these years. By working out every day.how17. we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.How18. Exactly the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probablyaround 1565.When19. I think

29、impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.what1. .It is difficult for us to imaginelife was like for slaves in the ancient world.what21. Among the many dangers sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog. which22. What a mess! You are always so lazy! I m not to blame, mum.

30、 I am you have made me.what23. It remains to be seenthe newly formed committee s policy can be put into practice.whether24. After seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.What25.In 1492, Columbus reached is now called America.What單句改錯1. 【誤】That he really means is what he doesn t agree with

31、us.That 改為What2. 【誤】 The news which our team had won pleased everyone.which 改為 that3. 【誤】 The reason why he failed in the exam was because he was too careless.because 改為 that精品文檔精品文檔4. 【誤】 If he is an engineer is unknown.If 改為Whether5. 【誤】 What he needs is enough time and what I need is enough books

32、.第二個is 改為 are6. 【誤】I ll make known to all that you were not honest.make 后加 it7. 【誤】 My suggestion is that we will learn more words by heart.Will 改為should8. When and where we shall have the lecture are not decided.are 改為is9. This is a fact that English is widely used as an international language.This

33、改為It10. What the earth moves around the sun is known to all.What 改為 That完形填空In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one.The_1_is that countries around the world have growing mountains of _2_because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.How did we

34、_3_a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to_4_an object than to spend time and money to repair it._5_modern manufacturing （制造業(yè)） and technology,companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and_6_Another cause is our_7_of disposable （ 一次性的） pro

35、ducts.As_8_people, we are alwayslooking for_9_to save time and make our lives easier.Companies_10_thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.Our appetite for new products also_11_to the problem. We are_12_buying new things. Advertiseme

36、nts persuade us that_13_is better and that we will be happier with the latest 精品文檔products. The result is that we_14_useful possessions to make room for new ones.All around the world, we can see the_15_of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.To_16_the amount of rub

37、bish and to protect the_17_， more governments are requiring people to recycle materials._18_ ， this is not enough to solve （解決） our problem.Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions_19_throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about_20_ Repairing our possessio

38、ns and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.【分析】文章主要講的是堆積如山的垃圾給環(huán)境帶來的影響。隨著社會的發(fā)展，人們傾向于扔掉用舊了的東西，以新物品取而代之。而且， 包裝盒等一次性產(chǎn)品給人們帶來方便的同時，也給環(huán)境帶來很大的壓力。1 A.keyB reasonC projectD problem【解析】句意：關鍵是世界各國日益堆積如山的垃圾。A.答案；B.原因；C項目；D.問題。根據(jù)第二行“the

39、 world. ”可知，出現(xiàn)的問題是垃圾堆積如山，故選D。 【答案】D2 A.giftsB rubbishC debtD products【解析】句意：因為人們?nèi)拥衾纫酝魏螘r候都多?？疾樯舷挛倪壿嬯P系。根據(jù)下文中的 throwing out more rubbish 可知。 【答案】B3 A.faceBbecomeCobserveDchange【解析】句意：我們?nèi)绾纬蔀橐粋€一次性的社會？考查動詞辨析?！敬鸢浮緽4 A.hideBcontrolCreplaceDwithdraw【解析】句意：首先，現(xiàn)在我們可以更容易地替換一個對象要比花時間和金錢來修復它更容易。 【答案】C精品文檔5 A.T

40、hanks toB As toC Except forD Regardless of【解析】句意：由于現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)和技術，公司能夠迅速而廉價地制造產(chǎn)品?？疾榻樵~短語辨析。A.幸虧；由于；B至于；關于；C除之外；D.不顧；不管?！敬鸢浮緼6 A.safeB funnyC cheapD powerful【解析】句意：產(chǎn)品豐富多樣并且廉價。 考查形容詞辨析。A.安全的；B.滑稽可笑的；D. 強大的；強有力的；均不符合題意?！敬鸢浮緾7 A.loveB lackC preventionD division【解析】句意：一次性的另一個原因是我們的愛（一次性的）產(chǎn)品?？疾槊~辨析。B.缺乏；C預防；阻礙；D

41、.部門；分割?！敬鸢浮緼8 A.sensitiveB kindCbraveDbusy【解析】句意：對于忙碌的人而言，我們一直在尋找方法來節(jié)省時間，讓我們的生活更容易。 考查生活常識。A.敏感的；B.和藹的；C勇敢白勺。【答案】D9 A.waysBplacesCjobs Dfriends【解析】句意：見8 題。 way to do sth 為固定搭配?！敬鸢浮緼10 A.donateB receiveC produceD preserve如紙盤子，塑料杯，照相機，【解析】句意：公司生產(chǎn)成千上萬的不同種類的一次性產(chǎn)品，等等?？疾檫壿嬯P系。A.捐贈；B.收到；D.保護；維持。 精品文檔精品文檔精品文

42、檔11 A.adaptsB returnsC responds D contributes【解析】句意：我們的新產(chǎn)品需求也導致一些問題?？疾楣潭ǘ陶Z搭配。A.適應；改編;B.返回；回復；C對做出反應。D.contribute to“有助于；導致?！敬鸢浮緿12 A.tired ofB addicted toC worried aboutD ashamed for【解析】句意：我們熱衷于購買新東西。考查固定短語搭配。A.對厭倦；B.對上癮;迷戀于；C擔心s D.為感到慚愧?！敬鸢浮緽13 A.newerB strongerC higherD larger句意：廣告說服我們：越新越好。我們會更樂于

43、使用最新產(chǎn)品。考查生活常識。14 A.pick upB pay forC hold onto D throw away【解析】句意：結果是，我們?nèi)拥粲杏玫臇|西，為新的物品騰出空間?？疾樯舷挛倪壿嬯P系。A.撿起；學會；B.付款；賠償；C緊緊抓住，抓住不放；保持住；D.扔掉，丟棄。15 A.advantagesB purposesC functions D consequences【解析】句意：在世界各地，我們可以看到這種一次性生活方式的后果?？疾槊~辨析。A.優(yōu)勢；優(yōu)點；B.目的；C.功能；D.后果；結果。16 A.showB recordC decrease D measure【解析】句意：為

44、了減少垃圾，保護環(huán)境，越來越多的政府要求人們回收材料?？疾閯釉~辨析。A.顯示；表明；B.記錄；記載；C.減少；D.測量；權衡?！敬鸢浮緾17 A.technologyB environmentC consumers D brands【解析】句意：見 16 題。 考查上下文邏輯關系。由文章最后的take care of our environment可知。 【答案】B18 A.HoweverB OtherwiseC Therefore D Meanwhile【解析】句意：然而，這并不足以解決我們的問題。則；C.否則；然而，這并不足以解決我們的問題。D.與此同時?？疾楦痹~辨析。A.可是；然而；B.

45、否19 A.byB in favour ofC afterD instead of句意： 我們需要修復我們的財產(chǎn)而不是丟棄?？疾榻樵~和介詞短語辨析。D.insteadof 代替，而不是。而不是。20 A.spendingB collectingC repairingD advertising句意：我們還需要重新思考我們對消費的態(tài)度。我們還需要重新思考我們對消費的態(tài)度?？疾檫壿嬯P系。由上文可知。短文改錯Dear Jack,Welcome to my school! Upon your arrival, there will be a party for you organizing by my

46、classmates. You may attend to English classes to feel a differently learning style. After that, you can go to your host family that you can experience the Chinese way of life. You can have meals together chatting about whatever interest you.The host family will also show you off some famous scenic s

47、pots. You can see people selling kites everywhere because our city was home to kites There are varieties of kites to choose. So isn t that a good idea to buy some for your friends? Write to me unless you have any questions about the schedule Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】李華在信中告訴Jack來中國之后的學習和生活安排。1.organizing

48、forganized. 考查動詞形式。根據(jù)句中主語 you和動詞organize的關系以及 by my classmates可知此處是被動形式，表示 被組織,故 organizing forganized.2 .attend 后去掉 to. 考查動詞用法。attend “參加”是及物動詞后面直接加賓語，此處指參加英語課，故attend 后去掉 to.3 .differentlyfdifferent.考查形容詞。此處修飾名詞learning style要用形容詞，指不同的學習風格，故 differently fdifferent.4 .thatfwhere.考查定語從句。句中包含定語從句，先行詞

49、是host family在定語從句中做狀語，指在中國家庭感受中國式生活，要用關系副詞where ,故that erestfinterests.考查動詞形式。句中主語是whatever是單數(shù)形式動詞也要用單數(shù)，故 interest f interests.6.of faround.考查固定短語。showaround 帶領某人參觀”，此處指帶領你參觀景點,故 offfaround.7 .was-is.考查時態(tài)。全文是現(xiàn)在時，此處是客觀事實要用現(xiàn)在時，故wasfis.8 .choose 后加from.考查介詞。此處指從各種風箏中選擇，故 choose 后加fom.9 .that f it.考查形式主語。不定式to buy some for yourfriends 在句中是真正主語，用il 做形式主語，故that it.10 .unlessfif/when.考查連詞。句意：如果對時間表有問題寫信給我冷有問題時寫信給我。根據(jù)句意 unlessfif/when.語法填空:China will allow all couples to have two children ， _1_(giv