形容詞和副詞詳解

1、形容詞是用來(lái)描寫或修飾名詞或代詞的一類形容詞是用來(lái)描寫或修飾名詞或代詞的一類詞，表示事物的詞，表示事物的特征特征的詞。的詞。e.g. long, hot ,empty, cheap, hungry, etc.用用 法法例例 句句作作表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)My mother looks happy .作作定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)The blue pen is mine.Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper.作賓補(bǔ)作賓補(bǔ)We keep the classroom clean? 用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其它副詞、用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其它副詞、名詞詞組及句子的詞。名詞詞

2、組及句子的詞。用用 法法例例 句句作作表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)My mother is out .作作定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)The girl there is my friend. 作作狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)He runs fast .作賓補(bǔ)作賓補(bǔ)I found him outside. l1形容詞+名詞+ed kind-hearted 2形容詞+形容詞 dark-blue 3形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 ordinary-looking 4副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 hard-working 5副詞+過(guò)去分詞 newly-builtl6名詞+形容詞 world-famous 7名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 peace-lovingl8名詞+過(guò)去分詞 snow-covere

3、dl 9 數(shù)詞+名詞+ed three-egged 10數(shù)詞+名詞 twenty-yearl 3.形容詞（短語(yǔ)）作伴隨狀語(yǔ)l As he looked at the goat, it rolled over, dead. 當(dāng)他看著山羊的時(shí)候，山羊翻了個(gè)身，死了。l Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road.由于害怕困難，他們寧愿走好走的路 副詞的分類l1時(shí)間副詞soon, now, early, finally, once, recentlyl2地點(diǎn)副詞here, nearby, outside, upwards, ab

4、ovel3方式副詞hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, reallyl4程度副詞almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, ratherl5頻度副詞always, often, frequently, seldom, neverl6疑問副詞how, where, when, whyl7連接副詞how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhilel8關(guān)系副詞when, where, whylIII. 形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)l形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)分為原級(jí)，比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。比較級(jí)和最高

5、級(jí)的構(gòu)成一般是在形容詞和副詞后加-er和-est，多音節(jié)和一些雙音節(jié)詞前加more 和most。l 同級(jí)比較時(shí)常常用 asas以及not so(as)asl She is as tall as her mother.I am not as/ so good a player as you are.l 雙方比較，表示一方超過(guò)另一方時(shí)，用“比較級(jí) （+ than）”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。要注意題干中將比較的另一方陰藏起來(lái)的情況。l This picture is more beautiful than that one.l I have never seen such a more interesting

6、film (than this one).l 表示一方不及另一方時(shí)，用“l(fā)ess + 原級(jí) + than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示 l This room is less beautiful than that one.l 表示一方隨另一方變化時(shí)用“the morethe more”句型l The harder you work, the more progress you will makel 用比較級(jí)來(lái)表達(dá)最高級(jí)的意思l I have never spent a more worrying day.我從來(lái)沒有度過(guò)這樣令人煩惱的一天。（意為：我度過(guò)了最為令人煩惱的一天。）形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)用法形容詞和副詞

7、的原級(jí)用法 作用作用結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)和和一樣一樣as+形容詞形容詞/副詞原級(jí)副詞原級(jí)+as“不及不如不及不如not as/ so +形容詞形容詞/副詞副詞原級(jí)原級(jí)+as如此如此以至以至于于太太而不能而不能so+ 形容詞形容詞/副詞原級(jí)副詞原級(jí)+that從句從句 too+形容詞形容詞/副詞原級(jí)副詞原級(jí)+ to do sth.形容詞形容詞/副詞原級(jí)副詞原級(jí)+ enough to do sth表示倍數(shù)表示倍數(shù)bebe倍數(shù)倍數(shù)as+as+形容詞形容詞asas“如此”、“這樣”在在“such +a (an)+adj.+單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)名詞” =so+adj.+a (an)+單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)名詞“such+adj.+可數(shù)

8、名詞復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞“形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)” 練習(xí)題練習(xí)題1.Tom is as_ as Mike. (tall)3.There are as _students in our school as yours. (many)2.Tom is three times as_ as Mike. (old)4.Tom doesnt sing as _ as Mike.(good)5.Our school is not so _ as yours.(big)6. Football is not so _ as basketball in the USA. (pop

9、ular) He is too young to join the army. = He _ _ enough to join the army.= He is _ young_ he cant join the army.talloldmanywellbigpopularis youngsothat形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)用法形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)用法 作用作用 結(jié)結(jié) 構(gòu)構(gòu)兩個(gè)兩個(gè)事物事物/人比較人比較比較級(jí)比較級(jí)+than “Which is+ 比較級(jí)，比較級(jí)，or?” 不及不及“l(fā)ess+原級(jí)原級(jí)+than”“越越,越越”“The+比較級(jí)比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)比較級(jí)”表示越來(lái)越表示越來(lái)越 “比

10、較級(jí)比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)比較級(jí)”表示兩者當(dāng)中表示兩者當(dāng)中最最的的“the+比較級(jí)比較級(jí)+of the two.”的用法的用法 e.g. He is the taller of the two.表示表示“倍數(shù)倍數(shù)”be倍數(shù)比較級(jí)倍數(shù)比較級(jí)than被比對(duì)象被比對(duì)象比比任何一個(gè)任何一個(gè)都都比較級(jí)比較級(jí)+ than any other +n.(單數(shù)單數(shù)) + in(of) 形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)相關(guān)練習(xí)形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)相關(guān)練習(xí) 1.Our school is _ than theirs. (big) 2.This bridge is_ than that one.(old) 3.Who write

11、s _, Kate or Tom? (careful)4.This park is less _ than that one. (beautiful)5.The _ you work(hard),the _ you will learn.(much)6.In spring, the days are getting _ and _.(long)7.She is the_ of the two.(young)8.The sun is a million times _ than the earth.(big)biggeroldermore carefullyhardermorelonger lo

12、ngeryoungerbiggerbeautiful形容詞和副詞的最高級(jí)用法形容詞和副詞的最高級(jí)用法 結(jié)結(jié) 構(gòu)構(gòu)one of the+最高級(jí)最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) (最最之一之一)最高級(jí)最高級(jí)+of (in)可以轉(zhuǎn)換為：可以轉(zhuǎn)換為：比較級(jí)比較級(jí)+ than any other +n.(單數(shù)單數(shù)) +in(of) (比比任何一個(gè)都任何一個(gè)都)This is/ was the +最高級(jí)最高級(jí)+名詞名詞+that定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句 be +序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞+最高級(jí)最高級(jí)+名詞名詞(可數(shù)的單數(shù)名詞可數(shù)的單數(shù)名詞) +in(of) “enough足夠的”作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般放在中心詞前；但作副詞時(shí)只能后置。We h

13、ave enough food to eat. We dont have enough money to carry on the plan.Its warm enough.She is old enough to go to school.即: enough +名詞 副詞/形容詞+ enough“Enough”與形容詞、副詞連用許多以前綴a-構(gòu)成的形容詞常作后置定語(yǔ)，這樣的形容詞有： awake, alone, alive, afraid, alike, asleep等。1.Do you know the man asleep over there?“asleep”做后置定語(yǔ)，修飾“the

14、man ”2.There were still three people alive on the island. “alive”做后置定語(yǔ)，修飾“three people ” 有的詞既是副詞又是形容詞有的詞既是副詞又是形容詞如如:fast late hard earlyEg. They worked hard though it was hard work. good的副詞是的副詞是well,hard 既是形容既是形容詞也是副詞詞也是副詞,作形容詞是作形容詞是“困難的困難的”，作副詞是作副詞是“努力地努力地”。 hardly的意思是的意思是“幾乎不幾乎不”的意思的意思,它和它和hard沒關(guān)系

15、。沒關(guān)系。帶有基數(shù)詞的帶有基數(shù)詞的復(fù)合形容詞復(fù)合形容詞的用法的用法 The nine-year-old boy wrote an_article, which I think excellent. A. eight-thousand-words B. eight-thousand-word C. eight-thousands-word D. eight hundred word B5.be/look/become/keep/taste/sound/feel/seem等等系動(dòng)詞后接系動(dòng)詞后接形容詞形容詞做表語(yǔ)做表語(yǔ).e. She is happy.Kate looks _(worry).She

16、 became _(angry) when she heard the news. The soup tastes _(good).The music sounds _(beautiful) and she sings _. (beautiful) Please keep _ (quiet)!She walked into the room _ (quiet).系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+形容詞的用法形容詞的用法worriedangrygoodbeautifulbeautifullyquietquietly “帶基數(shù)詞的復(fù)合形容詞帶基數(shù)詞的復(fù)合形容詞”的用法的用法. 帶基數(shù)詞的復(fù)合形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)是帶基數(shù)詞的復(fù)

17、合形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)是 “基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞+名詞名詞”構(gòu)成構(gòu)成,基數(shù)詞和名詞之間須用連字符號(hào)基數(shù)詞和名詞之間須用連字符號(hào) ” ”。盡管基數(shù)。盡管基數(shù)詞為二以上，名詞也不能用復(fù)數(shù)。詞為二以上，名詞也不能用復(fù)數(shù)。如：他有一個(gè)如：他有一個(gè)8歲的女孩。歲的女孩。1.He has _daughter.2.從我家走路到學(xué)校要從我家走路到學(xué)校要20分鐘。分鐘。an eight-year-old 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞的特例形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞的特例有許多副詞是從形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的。方法是在形有許多副詞是從形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的。方法是在形容詞詞尾加上容詞詞尾加上-ly。如：如：carefully，badly，freely，slowly

18、等，在變化等，在變化時(shí)要注意詞尾是時(shí)要注意詞尾是y的，改的，改y為為i再加再加ly。如。如busy ，happy ，另外以另外以e結(jié)尾的，結(jié)尾的，大部分直接加大部分直接加-ly。如：如：wide , ,brave ,polite 等。等。如如: : truetruly， terribleterribly, gentle gentlybusilyhappilywidelybravelypolitely還有幾個(gè)特殊的要去還有幾個(gè)特殊的要去e后再加后再加-ly或或y。倍數(shù)的表達(dá)l肯定句中，用肯定句中，用as+原級(jí)形容詞原級(jí)形容詞+as lThe story is as interesting as

19、the one you just told.l否定句中，用否定句中，用not as/so +原級(jí)形容詞原級(jí)形容詞 +as lIm not as/so busy as I used to be las much /many +n+as 和和一樣多的一樣多的l比較級(jí)表示最高級(jí)的意義：比較級(jí)表示最高級(jí)的意義：l比較級(jí)比較級(jí)+than+any other+單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)名詞 l all other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞l any of the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞l anyone else any+ 單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)名詞(不同范圍不同范圍 lJulia is taller than any other girl in her class.lJulia is taller than all other girls in her class.lJulia is taller than