中考英語閱讀理解答題技巧36張

1、英語閱讀理解做題技巧閱讀是語言學(xué)習(xí)中不可缺少的重要一環(huán)，閱讀是語言學(xué)習(xí)中不可缺少的重要一環(huán)，閱讀理解能力的培養(yǎng)是中學(xué)英語學(xué)習(xí)的一項(xiàng)閱讀理解能力的培養(yǎng)是中學(xué)英語學(xué)習(xí)的一項(xiàng)重要任務(wù)，也是中考的一項(xiàng)重要內(nèi)容。閱讀重要任務(wù)，也是中考的一項(xiàng)重要內(nèi)容。閱讀理解題主要考查學(xué)生的語篇閱讀能力、分析理解題主要考查學(xué)生的語篇閱讀能力、分析和判斷能力。要求學(xué)生較快地通過閱讀理解和判斷能力。要求學(xué)生較快地通過閱讀理解短文大意，獲取主要信息，做出正確判斷。短文大意，獲取主要信息，做出正確判斷。閱讀理解題在試卷中所占比重較大閱讀理解題在試卷中所占比重較大,所以做好所以做好閱讀理解題，是獲得英語高分的關(guān)鍵！閱讀理解題，是獲

2、得英語高分的關(guān)鍵！閱讀文章的體裁包括記敘文、說明文、議論文、閱讀文章的體裁包括記敘文、說明文、議論文、應(yīng)用文以及新聞報(bào)道、廣告、通知、操作說明、表格等各種文體。要求考生閱讀理解準(zhǔn)確率高、閱讀速度快，對(duì)初中生來說是一種較高的能力要求，也是一種難度較大的測(cè)試方式。測(cè)試中，閱讀理解題綜合性比較強(qiáng)，它要求學(xué)生要有相當(dāng)?shù)闹R(shí)面，既考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章的理解能力和概括能力，又測(cè)試學(xué)生對(duì)語言的運(yùn)用能力，既考查表層理解能力，又考查深層理解能力。用能力，既考查表層理解能力，又考查深層理解能力。命命題特點(diǎn)特點(diǎn)中考閱讀理解的閱讀材料的選取一般遵循三個(gè)原則：1. 文章不少于三篇，要求速度為每分鐘4050個(gè)詞,閱讀量在1，0

3、00單詞左右；2.題材廣泛，包括科普，社會(huì)，文化，政治，經(jīng)濟(jì)等；3.體裁多樣，包闊記敘文，說明文，應(yīng)用文等。閱讀理解主要考查以下六個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容：閱讀理解主要考查以下六個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容：?理解主旨和要義；?理解文中具體信息；?根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語的含義；?根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容作出判斷和推理；?理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；?理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。2016-2019中考閱讀分析中考閱讀分析理解主旨要義1 2 2 2 理解文中具體信息3 4 5 3根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語的含義2 2 1 3根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容作出判斷和推理4 3 3 3理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)4 2 2 3理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度1

4、2 2 1把握事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的能力。掌握主旨和大意的能力猜測(cè)生詞含義的能力閱讀理解能力考察進(jìn)行推理和判斷的能力。邏輯關(guān)系的理解能力推斷作者意圖和態(tài)度的能力做閱讀理解時(shí)，可遵循三部曲的原則做閱讀理解時(shí)，可遵循三部曲的原則第二步，認(rèn)真逐題作答。第三步，仔細(xì)校對(duì)所選答案。第一步，快速閱讀短文；通讀測(cè)試題，明確考查點(diǎn)。要快速瀏覽全文，掌握主旨和大意，特別注意文章的主題句，理出作者的寫作思路。(What is the idea ？What are facts ？)要盡快瀏覽課文后的思考題，盡量帶著問題讀；完成事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題時(shí)，要找到定位句；要把有關(guān)WHO，WHAT，WHERE，HOW和WHY等方面內(nèi)容用筆圈畫出

5、來。遇到推理判斷題時(shí)，要注意作者的態(tài)度和命題人的意圖，不可從個(gè)人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)出發(fā)。閱讀方法考試閱讀理解題型主旨?xì)w納題猜測(cè)詞義題推理判斷題細(xì)節(jié)理解題猜測(cè)：命題模式1. What does the underlined word .mean?2. The underlined phrase (word, sentence) . most probably means _. 3. The phrase (word, sentence) suggests _.4. From the passage, we can infer that the word . is _. 5. According to pas

6、sage, what is .?6. When the author says that. he means _.主旨：命題模式：1. 文章主旨題(1) What is the main idea of this passage? (2) This passage is mainly about _?(3) What is the best title of this passage? (4) What is the author s main purpose in the passage?(5) The passage was written to explain _. 2. 段落主旨題(1

7、) What does the first (second/third.) paragraph mainly discuss? (2) From the first (2nd, 3rd, 4th ，etc) paragraph, we can learn that _. 細(xì)節(jié)：命題模式細(xì)節(jié)：命題模式(1) According to the passage/ the author, who (what,where, which, when, why, how, etc)?(2) Which of the following is true/correct/false/not included?(

8、3) All of the following are (not) true/are (not) mentioned except _.(4) We learn from the last paragraph (the first paragraph, the text) that _. 推理判斷：命題模式1.作者態(tài)度(1) What is the tone (mood) of the passage?(2) From the text we can see that the writer seems _ .(3) The authors main thought is that _.(4)

9、Which of the following can best describe the attitudeof the author?2. 作者觀點(diǎn) (1) What does the writer think of.? (2) According to the author, _.(3) In the authors opinion, _. (4) What is the authors opinion (idea) about.?(5) The author thinks (believes, suggests) that _.(6) In the authors eyes _. (一)根

10、據(jù)生活常識(shí)猜測(cè)詞義一、猜測(cè)詞義題Children are alwaysboasting .They say things like“My Dads car is bigger than your Dads，”“”“My Mom is smarter than yours.”and“My family has more money than yours.” The word“boasting” means _ A.驕傲 B.吹牛 C.頑皮 D.幼稚Many plants and animals are going extinct . Mammoths ，which are related( 有關(guān)

11、聯(lián)的有關(guān)聯(lián)的) with Asia elephants ，are now extinct.There are no mammoths in the world today. 1.A mammoth is a kind of _. A.plant B.bird C.animal D.tree2.The word“ extinct” means _ A.出現(xiàn) B.危險(xiǎn) C.滅絕(二)根據(jù)上下文的意思來猜測(cè)1.Some people like to walk quickly home after work，but I prefer to stroll home and look at the sto

12、re windows along the way.2.She is usually prompt for all her classes，but today she arrives quite late.3.The door is so low that I hit my head on the lintel. (溜達(dá))(準(zhǔn)時(shí)的)(門梁)(三)根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義通過因果關(guān)系猜詞，首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，然后才能猜詞。有時(shí)文章借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞(如because ，as，since，for，so，thus ，as a result ，of course ，therefore 等等)

13、表示前因后果。例如：You shouldnt have blamed him for that ，for it wasnt his fault.通過for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的錯(cuò))，可猜出blame的詞義是“責(zé)備”。(四)通過同義詞和反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞通過同義詞猜詞:一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組,如happy and gay，即使我們不認(rèn)識(shí)gay這個(gè)詞，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在進(jìn)一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞，如Man has known something about theplanets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help

14、of spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars( 火星)、Jupiter( 木星)均為生詞，但只要知道planets 就可猜出這幾個(gè)詞都屬于“行星”這一義域。通過反義詞猜詞通過反義詞猜詞:一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞，如but，while ，however 等；二是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語，如：He is so homely ，not at all as handsome as his brother.根據(jù)not at all.handsome 我們不難推測(cè)出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。一些常用的詞根、前綴、后綴等語法知識(shí)：如前綴un-表反義詞，如

15、happy 、unhappy ，fair、unfair ，important 、unimportant 等；后綴-ment表名詞，如develop 、development ，state、statement ，argue、argument 等；后綴-er、-or或-ist表同源名詞；如calculate 、calculator ，visit 、visitor ，law、lawyer ，wait、waiter ，science 、scientist ，art、artist 等，有些問題便不難解決了。(五)通過構(gòu)詞法猜詞(六)通過定義或釋義關(guān)系來推測(cè)詞義But sometimes，no rain

16、falls for a long，long time.Then there is a dry period，or drought .從drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的時(shí)期，即drought，由此可見drought意思為“久旱”，“旱災(zāi)”。而a dry period 和drought是同義語。這種同義或釋義關(guān)系常由is，or，that is ，in other words ，be called 或破折號(hào)等來表示。(七)通過句法功能來推測(cè)詞義Bananas ，oranges ，pineapples ，coconuts and some other kind of

17、fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples 和coconuts 是生詞，可以從這兩個(gè)詞在句中所處的位置來判斷它們大致的意思。從句中不難看出pineapples ，coconuts 和bananas ，oranges 是同類關(guān)系，同屬fruit 類，因此它們是兩樣水果，準(zhǔn)確地說，是菠蘿和椰子。描述即作者為幫助讀者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而對(duì)該描述即作者為幫助讀者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而對(duì)該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內(nèi)在特征的描寫。人或該物作出的外在相貌或內(nèi)在特征的描寫。例如：例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living

18、 in the South Pole.It is fat and walks in a funny way.Although it cannot fly ，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.從例句的描述中可以得知penguin 是一種生活在南極的鳥類。后面更詳盡地描述了該鳥類的生活習(xí)性。后面更詳盡地描述了該鳥類的生活習(xí)性。(八)通過描述猜詞二、細(xì)節(jié)理解題首先瀏覽一遍題目，看清題目要求理解什么細(xì)節(jié)，然后有選擇性地在文中找出相應(yīng)的段落句子或短語，認(rèn)真分析理解，選出正確答案。What do you think of your teacher

19、s？Now，American students can say what they think on a new website！On ，students canrate( 評(píng)定) their teachers.So far ，there have been 2 million ratings for 365，000 teachers at 21 ，000 schools in the US and Canada. Where can the students rate(評(píng)定) their teachers according to the passage？A.On a new website

20、 B.At the class meeting C.In the classroom. D.Out of the school 事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)題的特點(diǎn)：把詞語、句子或某具體事實(shí)用不同于原文的另一方式表達(dá)，即同義改寫。解答這類題的竅門是：A)注意英語的多種表達(dá)法；B）正確分析詞語在句中的作用；C）熟練運(yùn)用英語的句型轉(zhuǎn)換；D）讀懂題干所提出問題，準(zhǔn)確地找到文中涉及該問題的句子。做細(xì)節(jié)題具體步驟： 略讀材料,大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨。 按文章體裁，作者寫作模式及有關(guān)信息詞，如: for example，first，second等預(yù)測(cè)應(yīng)到何處尋找自己所需要的事實(shí)。 將精力放在尋找你所需要的細(xì)節(jié)上，快速

21、通篇跳讀，眼睛自左至右，自上而下呈Z形掃視，直到找到細(xì)節(jié)出處，放慢速度，仔細(xì)核對(duì)比較內(nèi)容，直至找到答案。議論文和說明文的主題句經(jīng)常在開頭或結(jié)尾。記敘文往往沒有主題句，需要在讀懂全文、體會(huì)作者用意的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行概括。三、主旨?xì)w納題People in many countries learn English and they learn it in different ways. Some learn it at school. Some learn it by themselves. Others learn English by radio on TV or in films. The main

22、 idea of the passage is( ) A. People in many countries learn English in many ways B. Some learn English at school C. Some learn English by themselves D. Others learn English by radio，on TV or in films. 主旨題的特點(diǎn)無論是在段落中還是在文章中，是明顯還是隱蔽，主旨的提出主要有四種情況：出主要有四種情況：(1) 首段或首句開門見山指出中心或討論的問題。首段或首句開門見山指出中心或討論的問題。(2)

23、文章中間或段落中間給出中心。(3) 文章末段或段落末句對(duì)全文或全段進(jìn)行總結(jié)歸納，得出中心思想。(4) 文章或段落中不明確給出中心，考生要根據(jù)各段中心或各句的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)，自己推出主旨。主旨大意主旨大意“四個(gè)一四個(gè)一”，細(xì)節(jié)，細(xì)節(jié)“兩準(zhǔn)兩準(zhǔn)”記心里記心里；一找、二帶、三比較，信息準(zhǔn)確有依據(jù)；一找、二帶、三比較，信息準(zhǔn)確有依據(jù)?！耙徽?、二帶、三比較”：“一找”指的是快速瀏覽文章的大意，或者根本就不閱讀文章，直接“找”文章后question中的關(guān)鍵詞語，再把關(guān)鍵詞語“帶”到原文中找相關(guān)信息，找到信息點(diǎn)后，“比較”A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中哪個(gè)最合適，怎么比較呢，就是順口溜中的最后一句話，看哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)

24、容在原文中有依據(jù)。推理判斷題，需要同學(xué)具有嚴(yán)密的邏輯推理和分析問題的能力。四、推理判斷題四、推理判斷題A man was looking for things of old times.One day he came to a village and found a blue bowl，which looked very old.The bowl was on the ground and a cat was drinking milk from it.A farmer，the owner of the cat ，was lying beside the bowl.In order not t

25、o draw the farmers attention to(吸引的注意力) the value( 價(jià)值) of the bowl ，the man said to him in a soft voice，“What a nice cat you have ！Wont you sell it to me ？”“How much would you give me for it ？”the farmer opened his eyes and asked. “Twenty dollars. Would it be enough？”A few minutes later ，the farmer

26、agreed. After he paid the farmer ，the man said ，“My cat will certainly feel thirsty. May I take the bowl so that the cat can have milk？”But the farmer said ，“I am sorry I cant give it to you. Thanks to the bowl ，I have already sold twenty cats.” Who is much cleverer ？( ) A.the farmer B.the man C.bot

27、h of them D.neither 推理判斷（infer）題必須把握的一個(gè)原則是：正確選項(xiàng)必須是由文中事實(shí)推斷出的另一個(gè)正確事實(shí)，必須是 not directly stated in the passage.這類試題常以如下句式發(fā)問：這類試題常以如下句式發(fā)問：1. What can you conclude/imply from this passage?2. It can be inferred from the text/the last paragraph/the first sentence. that _.3. We can infer that _.4. The author

28、suggests in the passage that _.5. From the passage/the third paragraph/the last sentence/the example that we can draw the conclusion that _.考生要站在文章作者或文中人物的立場(chǎng)上，設(shè)身處地地考慮實(shí)際情景景,主觀臆斷是普遍存在的一個(gè)問題。該類型題一般含有以下三類詞：中性詞：uninterested(不感興趣的)，neutral(中立的)，indifferent(漠不關(guān)心的)等；褒義詞：positive(積極的)，supportive(支持的)，humorous(滑稽有趣的)，enthusiastic(熱情的熱情的)，admiring(贊賞的)等；貶義詞：disgusted(厭惡的)，cr