滾齒機(jī)控制方法信息處理程序流程介紹

1、滾齒機(jī)控制方法信息處理程序流程介紹 傳動(dòng)比誤差范圍與計(jì)數(shù)值Rc和理論傳動(dòng)比i有關(guān)。在定時(shí)時(shí)間周期和編碼器分辨率已經(jīng)選定的情況下，較小的 傳動(dòng)比和較大的工件軸轉(zhuǎn)速誤差較小，而較大的傳動(dòng)比 和較小的工件軸轉(zhuǎn)速誤差較大。對于基于直接驅(qū)動(dòng)技術(shù) 的滾齒機(jī)，由于其主軸轉(zhuǎn)速相比于一般的數(shù)控滾齒機(jī)， 主軸轉(zhuǎn)速有了成倍的提高，其傳動(dòng)誤差也會(huì)極大地減 小。Transmission ratio error range related to the Rc and the theoretical transmission ratio I count. In regular time period and the enc

2、oder resolution has selected cases, smaller transmission ratio and large workpiece spindle speed error is small, and larger transmission ratio and the smaller the workpiece spindle speed error is large. For gear hobbing machine based on the direct drive technology, because of its spindle speed than

3、general CNC gear hobbing machine, the spindle speed has improved exponentially, the transmission error will also be greatly reduced.傳統(tǒng)的滾齒機(jī)是傳動(dòng)原理最復(fù)雜的金屬切削機(jī)床，其復(fù) 雜的傳動(dòng)鏈造成機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)非常復(fù)雜，并且精度差、速度 低、磨損嚴(yán)重、調(diào)整困難，根本無法適應(yīng)高速、高精度 加工齒輪的要求（特別是干切削技術(shù)對滾齒機(jī)的要求） 自從20世紀(jì)80年代初數(shù)控技術(shù)引入齒輪加工機(jī)床以 來，滾齒機(jī)的技術(shù)水平有了明顯的提高，傳動(dòng)鏈大大縮 短，但仍然無法完全取消高精度齒輪副等

4、機(jī)械傳動(dòng)元 件，使其加工精度、速度和可靠性等指標(biāo)無法得到根本 性的改善。突破傳統(tǒng)滾齒機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)原理，研究和開 發(fā)高速、高精度基于直接驅(qū)動(dòng)技術(shù)的滾齒機(jī)是齒輪機(jī)床 的重大變革。我們進(jìn)行了基于直接驅(qū)動(dòng)技術(shù)的滾齒機(jī)的 研究，即刀具軸和工件軸分別由電主軸和力矩電機(jī)直接 驅(qū)動(dòng)，去掉了傳動(dòng)用的高精度齒輪副、蝸輪蝸桿副。這 樣的設(shè)計(jì)使得機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)大大簡化，同時(shí)極大地提高了加 工效率和加工精度，但是也對數(shù)控系統(tǒng)提出更高的要 求。難點(diǎn)在于基于直接驅(qū)動(dòng)技術(shù)的滾齒機(jī)在更高的加工 速度下，如何穩(wěn)定地實(shí)現(xiàn)各聯(lián)動(dòng)軸的同步控制。本文將 對有關(guān)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行探討。Traditional gear hobbing machine is

5、 the most complex metal cutting machine tool transmission principle, the complex mechanical structure is very complex, the transmission chain of cause and poor precision, low speed, the wear serious, adjustment difficulties, cannot adapt to the requirement of high speed and high precision gear machi

6、ning (especially the dry cutting technology to the requirement of gear hobbing machine). Since the early 1980 s, nc technology is introduced into the gear hobbing machine technology has improved significantly, greatly reduces transmission chain, but still cant completely cancel high precision mechan

7、ical transmission components such as gears, the machining accuracy, speed, and reliability index cannot be improved fundamentally. Break the traditional structure design principle of gear hobbing machine, research and development of high speed and high precision gear hobbing machine is gear machine

8、tool based on the technology of direct drive significant changes. We conducted based on the research of direct drive technology of gear hobbing machine, the cutter and workpiece axis respectively bymotorized spindle and the torque motor direct drive, remove the transmission with high precision gears

9、, worm gear and worm pair. This design greatly simplify the mechanical structure, at the same time greatly improve the machining efficiency and machining precision, but also put forward higher request to numerical control system. Difficulty lies in the gear hobbing machine based on the technology of

10、 direct drive under the higher processing speed, how to realize the linkage stable shaft of the synchronous control. This article discusses about the content.2滾齒機(jī)各坐標(biāo)軸及其運(yùn)動(dòng)關(guān)系2 relations between the axis and the movement of gear hobbing machine從展示的三維概念模型我們可以清楚的看到滾齒機(jī)的六個(gè)坐標(biāo)軸，它們分別是：From the display of 3 d

11、conceptual model we can clearly see the six axes hobbing machine, theyrespectively are:A軸：滾刀架回轉(zhuǎn)B軸：滾刀主軸回轉(zhuǎn) C軸：工作 臺(tái)回轉(zhuǎn)X軸：徑向進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng) 丫軸：切向進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng) Z軸: 軸向進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)。Axis: A hob plane rotation axis: B hob spindle axis C: rotary table X: radial feed movement Y: tangential feed movement Z axis: the axial feed movement.3同步

12、控制Three synchronization control3.1同步的概念所謂同步，指在控制系統(tǒng)中，有至 少一個(gè)的受控對象為主控制對象，另外的受控對象為從 控制對象，當(dāng)主控制對象的位置確定時(shí)（可能是實(shí)際值，也可能是設(shè)定值），可以根據(jù)主從控制對象之間特定的 偶合關(guān)系計(jì)算出從控制對象的位置。當(dāng)主控制對象位置 發(fā)生改變的時(shí)候，從控制對象應(yīng)該跟隨移動(dòng)，確保其實(shí) 際位置能與根據(jù)偶合關(guān)系計(jì)算出的位置盡可能快地協(xié) 調(diào)一致，這個(gè)過程就叫做同步。對于滾齒機(jī)來說，B、丫、Z三軸為主動(dòng)軸，C軸為跟隨軸。石英壁布它們之間的 偶合關(guān)系就是式(1 )。3.1 the concept of the so-called

13、synchronization, refers to the control system, have at least one of the controlled object is given priority to control object, and the controlled object for the control object, when the master control determine the locations of the objects (may be the actual value, may also be a set value), can acco

14、rding to specific coupling relationship between master-slave control object is calculated from the position of the control object. When the main control object location, at the time of change from the control should be to follow a moving object, make sure that the actual location to calculate accord

15、ing to the coupled relationship between position of the aligned as soon as possible, this process is called synchronization. For gear hobbing machine, B, Y, Z three axis as the input shaft, C shaft as follow. The coupling relationship between them is the type (1).3.2基于直接驅(qū)動(dòng)技術(shù)滾齒機(jī)的同步控制滾齒機(jī)的同步控制有基于硬件和基于軟

16、件插補(bǔ)兩種方式。前者是 基于以鑒頻鑒相器為核心的鎖相伺服系統(tǒng)，通過鎖定各 聯(lián)動(dòng)軸的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)頻率維持系統(tǒng)的平衡，將難以控制的高速 滾刀軸排除在數(shù)控系統(tǒng)之外，羥丙基甲基纖維素減輕數(shù) 控系統(tǒng)的壓力。但是它不能實(shí)時(shí)改變傳動(dòng)比，控制柔性 不高，而且結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，增加成本。我們知道，滾齒機(jī)能 夠穩(wěn)定地進(jìn)行干式切削所需要的滾刀線速度為 250m/min至400m/min。對于的滾齒機(jī)，按目前國內(nèi)用 戶常用的模數(shù)1mm、外徑為32mm的滾刀取最大值計(jì) 算：n = V X1000 / (32 XT) = 400 X1000 /( 32 Xn) 3979r/min。由此可知，刀具軸的最高速度定在4000r/min的水平是

17、比較合適的。當(dāng)今數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的性能是可以 適應(yīng)在這個(gè)速度下醬油滾齒機(jī)的同步控制要求的。因而 基于軟件插補(bǔ)的同步運(yùn)動(dòng)控制方式是控制基于直接驅(qū) 動(dòng)技術(shù)的滾齒機(jī)的同步運(yùn)動(dòng)的最佳方式。3.2 based on the direct drive synchronous control of synchronous control technology of the gear hobbing machine gear hobbing machine is based on the hardware and software based interpolation in two ways. The former

18、 is based on frequency phase discriminator is the core of the phase locked servo system, by locking the axis linkage to maintain the balance of the system operation frequency, will be difficult to control the high speed cutter shaft left out in the numerical control system, reduce the pressure of a

19、CNC system. But it cant change the transmission ratio, real-time control of the flexible is not high, and complex structure, increase the cost. As we know, gear hobbing machine can steadily for dry cutting hob needed for the linear velocity of 250 m/min to 400 m/min. For gear hobbing machine is show

20、n in figure 1, according to the current domestic users commonly used module 1 mm, outside diameter is 32 mm hob maximize computing: n = V x 1000 / (32 * PI) = 400 x 1000 / (32 * PI) material 3979 r/min. Therefore, cutter shaft set at top speed of 4000 r/min level is more appropriate. In todays numer

21、ical control system performance can be under the speed gear hobbing machine to meet the demand of the synchronization control. Thus synchronization motion control method based on software interpolation is the control gear hobbing machine based on the technology of direct drive synchronous movement.

22、The best way基于軟件插補(bǔ)的同步運(yùn)動(dòng)控制可以通過軟件靈活 控制傳動(dòng)比，從而改變工件主軸的速度，大大提高了加 工柔性。它具有基于釀酒設(shè)備跟蹤隨動(dòng)原理的主從式控 制方式和基于定值控制的平行式控制方式。國外先進(jìn)數(shù) 控系統(tǒng)提供了這兩種軟件控制方式的選擇。比如 840D 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，在進(jìn)行軟件電子齒輪箱定義（ EGDEF命令） 時(shí)，就給出了主動(dòng)軸和隨動(dòng)軸兩種不同的偶合方式：0和1。若選擇0,計(jì)算工件軸 C位置所需的3個(gè)主動(dòng)軸 的位置參數(shù)將是編碼器檢測到的實(shí)際值，工件軸的位置 由另外三個(gè)聯(lián)動(dòng)軸的實(shí)際位置決定，也就是主從式的控 制方式。若為1，則是預(yù)先給定的值，此時(shí)每個(gè)軸的地 位是相同的，也就是平行

23、式的控制方式。在平行式控制 方式的模式下，各軸間沒有聯(lián)系，只要保證好各自的預(yù) 先設(shè)定的精度，我們就認(rèn)為滿足了要求，傳動(dòng)誤差等于 各軸的傳動(dòng)誤差之和。而主從式控制方式由于其跟蹤隨 動(dòng)原理，隨動(dòng)軸誤差將會(huì)控制在一定的范圍內(nèi)，我們研 制的基于直接驅(qū)動(dòng)技術(shù)的滾齒機(jī)希望在各方面提高精 度，在數(shù)控系統(tǒng)性能能夠勝任的情況下，我們選擇主從 式的控制方式。Synchronous motor control system based on software interpolation can through flexible software control transmission ratio, thus ch

24、ange the workpiece spindle speed, greatly improving the machining flexibility. It is based on the principle of tracking servo master-slave control mode and the parallel type control method based on fixed value control. Foreign advanced numerical control system provides the two software control mode

25、selection. Such as Siemens 840 d nc system, defined in software for electronic gear box (EGDEF command), gives the drive shaft and servo axis in two different ways of coupling: 0 and 1. If 0, calculation of workpiece axis position required for 3 C drive shaft position detect the actual value of the

26、parameter will be the encoder and the position of the workpiece shaft is decided by the actual location of the three other linkage shaft, also is the master-slave control mode. If 1, is the given value in advance, each axis position at this time is the same, which is parallel to the type of control

27、method. Type control mode in parallel mode, there is no link between each axis, just make sure each preset accuracy, we think can meet the requirements, the transmission error is equal to the sum of transmission error of each axis. The master-slave control method due to its principle of tracking servo, servo axis error will control within a certain range, we developed based on the technology of direct drive gear hobbing machine wish to increase accuracy in all aspects, under the condition of the nc system performance to be able to do, we choose the master-slave co