《現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)》演示課件

1、12 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)這一時(shí)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)是過去動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系,也就是強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果.have/has + done (過去分詞)3v現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在。例如：生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在。例如：v eg: I have lost my wedding ring. 我丟了我丟了我的結(jié)我的結(jié)婚婚戒指（這一動(dòng)作雖然發(fā)生在過去，戒指（這一動(dòng)作雖然發(fā)生在過去，但影響持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，

2、其結(jié)果是我現(xiàn)在沒有結(jié)但影響持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，其結(jié)果是我現(xiàn)在沒有結(jié)婚戒指了）婚戒指了）v I have sent him a Christmas card.v He has just bought a new house.4v現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去式的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去式的區(qū)別：v1） 一般過去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為一般過去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。表示純粹的過去，與過去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。表示純粹的過去，與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，影響作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，影響等。等。v I h

3、ave lost my bag. (現(xiàn)在還沒找到現(xiàn)在還沒找到)v I lost my bag. (丟了錢包，現(xiàn)在是否找到，丟了錢包，現(xiàn)在是否找到，不知道不知道)v Mrs. Smith lived in Beijing for seven years. (史密斯太太已不再住在北京史密斯太太已不再住在北京)v Mrs. Smith has lived in Beijing for seven years. (史密斯太太還住在北京史密斯太太還住在北京)5v1.都表示過去發(fā)生的事都表示過去發(fā)生的事v2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去和現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系，不能和具現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去和現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系，不能和具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用；

4、體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用；v3.一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的事或狀態(tài)與表示過一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的事或狀態(tài)與表示過去的具體時(shí)間連用（去的具體時(shí)間連用（last, ago, yesterday, etc. ）presentpast6v2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，過去時(shí)表示的過去）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，過去時(shí)表示的過去時(shí)間的經(jīng)歷，與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。時(shí)間的經(jīng)歷，與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。v 所以如果動(dòng)作發(fā)生在特定的過去時(shí)間，如所以如果動(dòng)作發(fā)生在特定的過去時(shí)間，如last night, yesterday, three days ago, just now, in 1998等則不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，必須用一般過去時(shí)。等則不能

5、用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，必須用一般過去時(shí)。試比較：試比較：v The film has been on ten minutes ago. () v The film began ten minutes ago. ()v The film has been on for ten minutes. ()v3) 詢問某事過去發(fā)生的具體時(shí)間，具體地點(diǎn)時(shí)必須詢問某事過去發(fā)生的具體時(shí)間，具體地點(diǎn)時(shí)必須用一般過去時(shí)，用一般過去時(shí)，v When did you lose your luggage?v Where did they leave for? 7eg.1. He had his breakfast at 6:0

6、0 He has had his breakfast. 2. When did you come here? I watched the football match on TV at 9:00. 8v1. I _(have) lunch alreadyv2. Has the train_ (arrive), yet?v3.Tome _ never_ (be to ) China.v4. The twin _just _(see) my father.v5. The twins _(see) my father just now.v6. Many tall buildings _(build)

7、 in the past 5 years.have hadarrivedhasbeen tohasseensawhave been built9v現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的區(qū)別：v1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)都可以與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)都可以與often, always, seldom, never等副詞連用，但意義不同?，F(xiàn)在完等副詞連用，但意義不同?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)一段特定時(shí)間里反復(fù)發(fā)生的情況，而一般成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)一段特定時(shí)間里反復(fù)發(fā)生的情況，而一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)一般情況，說明主語(yǔ)的特征。試比較：現(xiàn)在時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)一般情況，說明主語(yǔ)的特征。試比較：v eg: He has alwa

8、ys helped us （到目前為止）（到目前為止）v He always helps us. (一貫如此一貫如此)v I have seldom watched cartoons these days.(這幾天的情況這幾天的情況)v I seldom watch cartoons. （一貫如此）（一貫如此）10 already ever yet never just these days recently in the past ten years lately in the last two years for +段時(shí)間段時(shí)間(for a long time, for two month

9、s since+點(diǎn)時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)間(since two years ago, since this morning) 11I have come back just now. I came back just now. When have you seen him? When did you see him? When不與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。它只有過去時(shí)不與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。它只有過去時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，因?yàn)樗硎敬_切的時(shí)間或?qū)頃r(shí)，因?yàn)樗硎敬_切的時(shí)間。12v用法二用法二： for+段時(shí)間段時(shí)間 since+點(diǎn)時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)間 since+句子（過去時(shí)）句子（過去時(shí)）E.g. Kate has lived here

10、for 3 years. Kate has lived here since 3 years ago. Kate has lived here since she came to China.表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始的動(dòng)作表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)或存在的狀態(tài)，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能還將持續(xù)下去。動(dòng)詞在并可能還將持續(xù)下去。動(dòng)詞使用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。常與使用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。常與forfor或或sincesince引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間連用引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間連用13 My father hasnt smoked for two months, He is trying to give it up. 我父親已

11、經(jīng)有兩個(gè)月沒有抽煙了。他現(xiàn)在在努力戒煙。我父親已經(jīng)有兩個(gè)月沒有抽煙了。他現(xiàn)在在努力戒煙。 They have stayed in this hotel since last Tuesday. We have learned English for about three years.14vhave/has gone to:已經(jīng)去了或在途中，還沒有返回； eg: 1) Where has John gone? I cant find him anywhere. (John不在說話地方不在說話地方) 2) Mary has gone to Hong Kong (Mary不在說話地方，可能在香港，可

12、能在不在說話地方，可能在香港，可能在路上路上)15 have/has been to:曾今去過某地，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了,后面可接表示“次數(shù)”的狀語(yǔ); John, Where have you been? (現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在John已經(jīng)回來，在說話的地方已經(jīng)回來，在說話的地方)vWhere have you been to Beijing? (你在你在說話地方說話地方) 16 have/has been in:表示某人“已在某地停留一段時(shí)間，現(xiàn)仍在那里”，其后常帶表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。 I have been in Britain for then years.17vTom 在哪兒？ 他去書店買書了。v我在北

13、京待了5年了。vJack 去過上海兩次了-Where is Tom?-He has gone to the bookshop to buy some books.I have been in Beijing for 5 years.Jack has been to Shanghai twice.18Correcting v1. I have borrowed the book for 3 months.v2. My bother has joined the army since he was 18.v3. Jack and Tom have lived here since 5years.v

14、4. The film has been on since I have come to the cinema.v5. When has Mr. Li caught a bad cold? have kepthas been in/ been a member of the armysince 5 years ago/ for 5 yearscame didcatch19v6. Ten years have passed since they got married.v7. Jim has gone to Beijing for 2 years.v8.What time have the fa

15、ctory opened?v9.I have gone to Chunhua Middle School twicehashas been indidopenbeen to20vHave you gone to America? (誤)vHave you been to America? (正)v1. _ you _ to Japan before?v2. His father isnt at home. He _ the supermarket now.v3. Where is your class teacher? She _ the library.v4. Linda and her p

16、arents _ to France twice.21eg. 他死了兩年了：He died two years ago.He has been dead for two years /since two years ago It is/ has been two years since he died.Two years has passed since he died22瞬間動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)瞬間動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 瞬間動(dòng)詞不能用于持續(xù)性用法（表示一個(gè)從過去開瞬間動(dòng)詞不能用于持續(xù)性用法（表示一個(gè)從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的用法）必須將瞬間動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成持續(xù)性始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的用法）必須將瞬間動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成持續(xù)性動(dòng)

17、詞。動(dòng)詞。 她父母已經(jīng)死了十年了。她父母已經(jīng)死了十年了。 Her parents have died for ten years. () Her parents have been dead for ten years. () I have bought a new apartment for a month 錯(cuò)誤錯(cuò)誤 I have had a new apartment for a month 正確正確23varrive/come/go to/reach vborrowvleave vbuy vjoin vstart/begin vfinish/ endvdiebe inhavekeepbe

18、 away be in/a member ofbe onbe over be dead24vHis father has died. (for 2 years)vThe football match has begun.(since9:00a.m)vThe twins have joined the army. (since they are 18years old)vMy teacher has just left Nanjing. (for 3 days)His father has been dead for 2 years.The football match has been on

19、since 9:00 a.m.The twins have been soldiers/ been in the army since they are 18years old. My teacher has been away from Nanjing for 3 days25v1. 這本書我借了一個(gè)月了。I borrowed this book a month ago.It is/ has been a month since I borrowed the book.I have kept the book for a month. /since a month ago.A month h

20、as passed since I borrowed the book.26varrive/come/go to die vbecome a borrowvLeave/ move vbuy openvjoin vstart/begin finish/ endvcatch a cold get up vget to know get out vclose wake upvgo to sleepvbecome interested in be in be deadhavekeepbe away / be out be abe in/a member ofbe openbe onbe overhav

21、e a coldbe upknowbe outbe closedbe awakebe asleep/ sleepbe interested in27vI am an American boy I came to China two years ago. I _(study) here for two years. My father often (take) me_ (play) football on the playground. Last week I _ (take) to the park by him. We saw a lot of monkeys (jump) in the t

22、ree. I heard a voice from behind When I (walk ) along the river. I thought myself. “It must_ (be) Mr. Brown. He _(take) photos.” We_ (enjoy) that day. We _ (go) back to America next week.have studied takesto playWas taken wakedjumpbeis takingenjoyedwill go28構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 (I hav

23、e/You have/She has/He has/It has/Our have/They have/Our teacher has/Our school has/ Mike has/ Mary has) （規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化同過去式（規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化同過去式/不規(guī)則變化見表）不規(guī)則變化見表）規(guī)則：規(guī)則：(1) 在詞尾加在詞尾加-ed (2) e結(jié)尾在詞尾加結(jié)尾在詞尾加d (3) 輔音輔音+y,去去y改成改成i加加ed (4) 元音字母元音字母+y在詞尾加在詞尾加ed (5) 重讀閉音節(jié)且詞尾為單個(gè)輔音字母，將詞重讀閉音節(jié)且詞尾為單個(gè)輔音字母，將詞尾輔音字母雙寫加尾輔音字母雙寫加ed (6) 重讀重讀r音節(jié)，雙寫音節(jié)，雙寫r加加ed不規(guī)則：不規(guī)則： ABC型型(原形，過去式，過去分詞均不同型原形，過去式，過去分詞均不同型) eg: do-did-done; swim-swam-swum; fly-flew-flown; drink-drank-drunkABB型（過去式，過去分詞同型）型（過去式，過