2019年六級考試精讀薈萃練習題100篇(39)

1、2019 年六級考試精讀薈萃練習題 100 篇(39) Passage Nine (The Program-Federal Government Helps Minority Business) Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960s when the Small Business Administration (SBA) began making federally guaranteed loans and government-sponsored management and technical assis

2、tance available to minority business enterprises. While this program enabled many minority entrepreneurs to form new businesses, the results I , I were disappointing, since managerial inexperience, unfavorable locations, and capital shortages led to high failure rates. Even 15 years after the progra

3、m was implemented, minority business receipts were not quite two percent of the national economys total receipts. Recently federal policymakers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the minority business sector by moving away from directly aiding small minority enterprises a

4、nd toward supporting large, growth-oriented minority firms through intermediary companies. In this approach, large corporations participate in the development of successful and stable minority businesses by making use of government-sponsored venture capital. The capital is used by a participating co

5、mpany to establish a Minority Enterprise Small Businesses that have potential to become future suppliers of customers of the sponsoring company. MESBICs are the result of thebelief that providing established firms with easier access to relevant management techniques and more job-specific experience,

6、 as well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available. Further, since potential markets for the minority businesses already exist through t

7、he sponsoring companies, the minority businesses face considerably less risk in terms of location and market fluctuation. Following early financial and operating problems, sponsoring corporations began to capitalize MESBICs far above the legal minimum of $500,000 in order to generate sufficient inco

8、me and to sustain the quality of management needed. MESBICs are now emerging as increasingly important financing sources for minority enterprises. Ironically, MESBIC staffs, which usually consist of Hispanic and Black professionals, tend to approach investments in minority firms more pragmatically t

9、han do many MESBIC directors, who are usually senior managers from sponsoring corporations. The latter often still think mainly in terms of thesocial responsibility approach and thus s and seem to prefer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria would warrant. Such d

10、ifferences in viewpoint have produced uneasiness among many minority staff members, who feel that minority entrepreneurs and businesses should be judged by established business considerations. These staff members believe their point of view is closer to the original philosophy of MESBIC they are con

11、cerned that, unless a more prudent course if followed, MESBIC directors may revert to policies likely to re-create the disappointing results of the original SBA approach. 1. Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage? A The use of MESBIC s for aiding minority entrepreneurs se

12、ems to have greater potential for success than does the original SBA approach. s. B There is a crucial difference in point of view between the staff and directors of some MESBIC C After initial problems with management and marketing, minority businesses have begun to expand at a steady rate. D Minor

13、ity entrepreneurs wishing to form new businesses now have several equally successful federal programs on which to rely. 2. According to the passage, the MESBIC approach differ s from the SBA approach in that MESBIC A seek federal contracts to provide market for minority businesses. B Encourage minor

14、ity businesses to provide markets for other minority businesses. C Attempt to maintain a specified rate of growth in the minority business sector. D Rely on the participation of large corporations to finance minority businesses. 3. Which of the following statements about the SBA program can be infer

15、red from the passage? A The maximum term for loans made to recipient businesses was 15 years. B Business loans were considered to be more useful to recipient businesses than was management and technical assistance. C The anticipated failure rate for recipient businesses was significantly lower than

16、the rate that actually resulted. D Recipient businesses were encouraged to relocate to areas more favorable for business development. 4. The author refers to thefinancial and operating problems encountered by MESBIC s primarily in order to A broaden the scope of the discussion to include the legal c

17、onsiderations of funding MESBICs through sponsoring companies. B call attention to the fact that MESBIC s must receive adequate funding in order to function effectively. C show that sponsoring companies were willing to invest only $500,000 of government-sponsored venture capital in the original MESB

18、IC s. D Compare SBA and MESBIC limits on minimum funding. 5. It can be inferred from the passage that the attitude of some MESBIC staff member toward the investments preferred by some MESBIC directors can be best described as A disappointing. B Indifferent. C Shocked. D Defensive. Vocabulary 1. impl

19、ement 執(zhí)行，履行 2. growth-oriented 增長潛力的，有發(fā)展性的 3. intermediary company 中介公司，中間公司 4. venture capital 風險資本 5. entrepreneur 企業(yè)家，創(chuàng)業(yè)者 6. fluctuation 波動，漲落，起伏 7. pragmatically 實用地 難句譯注 1. Even 15 years after the program was implemented minority business receipts were not quite two percent of the national econ

20、omy s total receipts. 【參考譯文】甚至在這個計劃執(zhí)行后 15 年，少數民族工業(yè)的收入 還不到全國總收入的 2%。 2. Recently federal policy makers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the supporting large, growth oriented minority firms through intermediary companies. 【參考譯文】最近，聯邦決策者采取一項措施，旨在加速少數民 族工商業(yè)的發(fā)展，他們不再直接協助小型的少數

21、民族企業(yè)，而是轉向 通過中間公司來支持規(guī)模較大、有發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ纳贁得褡骞尽?3. By making use of government-sponsored venture capital. 利用政府資助的風險資本。 4. The MESBIC then provides capital and guidance to minority businesses that have potential to become future suppliers or customers of the sponsoring company. 【參考譯文】然后再由MESBIC向那些少數民族企業(yè)提供資金、實

22、行指導。這些企業(yè)是有成為贊助公司的未來供應商或客戶的潛力的。 5. MESBIC mi nority en terprise small bus in ess investment company 少數民族小型企業(yè)投資公司。 6. MESBICs are the result of the belief that providing established firms with easier access to relevant management techniques and more job-specific experience, as well as substantial amou

23、nts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available. 【參考譯文】MESBIC的建立基于這種信念：為已建公司提供方便, 使它更容易獲得相關的管理技術更具體的工作經驗以及大筆資金要比 簡單地給予一般管理經驗和小筆資金更能使它們獲得機會去建立穩(wěn)固 的商業(yè)基礎。 7. The lat

24、ter often still think mainly in terms of the social responsibility approach and thus seem to prefer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria would warrant. 【參考譯文】后者一一高級經理們一一在有絕大部分情況下，仍 然常常從“社會責任的角度”來考慮問題，所以，他們似乎更傾向于 選擇那些比正常投資標準更具風險性，而不太引人注目的項目。 寫作方法與文章大意 SBA計劃聯 文章主要

25、采用因果以及對比的寫作方法。先點出 邦政府對少數民族去也的贊助 () 的失敗及其原因。 為此，聯邦決策者改變方法，通過中介公司，建立MESBIC由它 來協助少數民族企業(yè)一一使其獲得相對應的管理技術、具體工作經驗 和大量資金，甚至潛在的市場一一取得了成功。 可內部存有問題，MESBIC勺職工和之間的意見分歧，職工的投資 觀點更切實際，而仍從“社會責任的角度”來考慮問題，若不改變， 有可能重蹈SBA之覆轍。 答案詳解 1. A使用MESBIC協助少數民族企業(yè)似乎比原來 SBA的方法更 具成功的可能性。文章一開始就點名 SBA小型企業(yè)管理局)向少數民族 企業(yè)提供聯邦保證貸款，政府資助管理和技術方面的協助，結果令人 失望。組建成的少數民族新企業(yè)因為管理上缺乏經驗、地點不佳、資 金短缺而導致失敗的情況很多。其他見難句譯注 1、2、3?？傊?MESBIC支持下：為它的潛在市場提供大量資金等，使它們在地點和市 場流通方面風險小的多，從而帶來充足的收入和保持所需的管理質量。 這個切都說明MESBIC比SBA的成功可能性大。 C.經歷 D.希望組 B.MESBIC中的和職工方面在觀點上有