獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)1

1、由一個(gè)名詞或代詞作為邏輯主語,加上一個(gè)分詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或介詞短語作為邏輯謂語構(gòu)成,這種結(jié)構(gòu)在形式上與主句沒有關(guān)系,通常被稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。With +邏輯主語邏輯主語+非謂語非謂語/介詞短語介詞短語/形容形容詞詞+其他，主語其他，主語+謂語謂語+其他。其他。1、名詞或代詞主格 + 分詞The experiment done, the students went on to take notes in the experiment report. 實(shí)驗(yàn)做完了,同學(xué)們繼續(xù)在實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告上做記錄。Time permitting, we can have a walk around the

2、playground after supper. 如果時(shí)間允許,晚飯后我們可以到操場上散散步。2、名詞或代詞主格 + 形容詞Computers very small, we can use them widely. 電腦雖小,我們卻能廣泛地利用它們。 The clothes very dirty, youd better wash them quickly. 衣服很臟,你快點(diǎn)兒洗洗吧!3、名詞或代詞主格 + 不定式The last guest to arrive, our party was started. 最后一位客人到了,我們的晚會(huì)就開始了。4、名詞或代詞主格 + 介詞短語 Our En

3、glish teacher came into the classroom, papers in hand. 我們的英語老師走進(jìn)了教室,手里拿著試卷。 There is a river in the valley, fresh flowers on the banks. 山谷中有一條河,河兩岸長滿了鮮花。5、名詞或代詞主格 + 副詞 The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting-room. 散會(huì)了,校長很快就離開了會(huì)議室。 The lights off, we could not go on with the work. 燈熄了,

4、我們不能繼續(xù)工作了。1、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與分詞短語都可以轉(zhuǎn)換為狀語從句。但是,獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換為狀語從句后,它有自己的邏輯主語,與主句的主語不一致。而分詞短語轉(zhuǎn)換為狀語從句后,從句的主語與主句的主語一致。When we see from the hilltop, we can find the city more beautiful. If time permits, wed better have a holiday at weekends. 2、分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語并不總是和主句的主語分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語并不總是和主句的主語一致一致,也可以是主句的其它成分也可以是主句的其它成分,語法上稱作語法上稱

5、作依依著法則著法則(例例)。而如果一個(gè)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中。而如果一個(gè)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中找不到它的邏輯主語找不到它的邏輯主語,語法上稱作語法上稱作懸垂分詞懸垂分詞(例例)。Searching for the thief in the city, it had taken the policemen a long time. 在城市在城市里搜查小偷里搜查小偷,花費(fèi)了警察很長一段時(shí)間?；ㄙM(fèi)了警察很長一段時(shí)間。 When planting these flowers, care must be taken not to damage the roots. (人人們們)種這些花時(shí)必須小心種這些花時(shí)必須小心,

6、不要損壞了花根。不要損壞了花根。3、有些分詞短語可以獨(dú)立存在、有些分詞短語可以獨(dú)立存在,在句子中沒有在句子中沒有邏輯上的主語邏輯上的主語,實(shí)際上已經(jīng)變成了習(xí)慣用法。實(shí)際上已經(jīng)變成了習(xí)慣用法。如如:Generally speaking 總的說來總的說來, Frankly speaking 坦率地說坦率地說 Judging from 從從判斷判斷, Supposing 假設(shè)假設(shè),等等。等等。 Generally speaking, the rule is very easy to understand. Judging from what he said, he must be an honest

7、 man. 4、有些固定短語是帶、有些固定短語是帶 to 的不定式的不定式,表明說話人的立場或表明說話人的立場或態(tài)度態(tài)度,在句中作獨(dú)立成分。在句中作獨(dú)立成分。這些短語有這些短語有:to be honest 老實(shí)說老實(shí)說to be sure 確實(shí)確實(shí)to tell you the truth 說實(shí)話說實(shí)話to cut a long story short 長話短說長話短說to be frank 坦率地說坦率地說to make matters / things worse 更糟糕的是更糟糕的是 To tell you the truth, I made a mistake in the word

8、spelling. 說實(shí)話說實(shí)話,我犯了一個(gè)拼寫錯(cuò)誤。我犯了一個(gè)拼寫錯(cuò)誤。 To make things worse, many of the men have gone off to cities in search of higher pay, leaving women from nearby villages to carry on with the work. 情況更糟的是情況更糟的是,許多男人都去城市找工資較高的工作許多男人都去城市找工資較高的工作,而而留下附近村莊的婦女來繼續(xù)承擔(dān)修復(fù)工作。留下附近村莊的婦女來繼續(xù)承擔(dān)修復(fù)工作。1. Having been praised by t

9、he teacher, the little girl ran back home,_.A. happily and satisfiedly B. eager and excitedly C. happy and satisfied D. anxiously and excitedly2. It snowed heavily last night, thus _ the traffic problems today.A. Causing； B. caused；C. having caused D. being caused3. Upon _ home, he was arrested by t

10、he police.A. arriving B. arrived C. arrive D. to arrive4. The song You And Me _ on the radio interests everyone. A. playing B. played C. is played D. has been played5. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.A. having invited B. inviting C. being invited D. invited6. We had an

11、anxious couple of weeks, _ for the results of the experiment.A. wait B. to be waiting C. waiting D. waited 7. Believe it or not, in the United States, 40% of the toys _ are for adults. A. sold B. selling C. to sell D. to be selling8Ford tried dividing the labor; each worker _ a separate taskAassigning Bassigned Cwas assigned Dto be assigned 9A new technique _ ，the yields as a whole increased by 20 p