過(guò)去完成時(shí)(詳細(xì)講解)(1)

1、The present perfect tense:Have / has + the past participleI have received a letter from Lily recently.Has he handed in her homework yet?He has just gone to Beijing.They have never been to the USA.We have lived here for ten years.past perfect tense過(guò)去完成時(shí)由過(guò)去完成時(shí)由had +過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成 表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去生的動(dòng)作生的動(dòng)作

2、構(gòu)成方式構(gòu)成方式:肯定句肯定句: had+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 否定句否定句: had not+ 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句:had+ 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞肯定回答肯定回答: Yes, 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ had. 否定回答否定回答: No, 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ hadnt.基本用法:1. 1. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某時(shí)或某個(gè)動(dòng)作之過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某時(shí)或某個(gè)動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)或表示經(jīng)歷或經(jīng)驗(yàn)前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)或表示經(jīng)歷或經(jīng)驗(yàn). .(1) 我說(shuō)自從你搬到這兒以來(lái)媽媽一直為你的懶惰我說(shuō)自從你搬到這兒以來(lái)媽媽一直為你的懶惰 而生氣而生氣.(2) 我到達(dá)電影院之前電影早

3、已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了我到達(dá)電影院之前電影早已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了.I said mother had been angry about your laziness since we moved here.The film had begun before we got to the cinema.2. 2. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間以前開(kāi)始一直過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間以前開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到那個(gè)時(shí)間并可能延續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。常和延續(xù)到那個(gè)時(shí)間并可能延續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。常和byby或或since, forsince, for引導(dǎo)的表時(shí)間的從句或短語(yǔ)連用引導(dǎo)的表時(shí)間的從句或短語(yǔ)連用, ,但必須要與一個(gè)表示過(guò)去時(shí)的動(dòng)作相對(duì)照但必須

4、要與一個(gè)表示過(guò)去時(shí)的動(dòng)作相對(duì)照. .1. 1. 他來(lái)我們學(xué)校之前已經(jīng)在那所學(xué)校工作了三年他來(lái)我們學(xué)校之前已經(jīng)在那所學(xué)校工作了三年. .2. 2. 當(dāng)當(dāng)MillieMillie到達(dá)電影院的時(shí)候到達(dá)電影院的時(shí)候, , 電影已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了半個(gè)小時(shí)了電影已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了半個(gè)小時(shí)了. .3. 3. 自從他離開(kāi)南京我們就一直沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)面自從他離開(kāi)南京我們就一直沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)面. . He had worked in that school for three years before he came to our school.The film had already been on for half an hour wh

5、en Millie got to the cinema.We hadnt seen each other since he left Nanjing.3. 3. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作成的動(dòng)作. . 過(guò)去的時(shí)間由過(guò)去的時(shí)間由before, after, before, after, whenwhen引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間從句表示出來(lái)引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間從句表示出來(lái). .1. 1. 我在你回來(lái)之前就已經(jīng)把晚飯準(zhǔn)備好了我在你回來(lái)之前就已經(jīng)把晚飯準(zhǔn)備好了. .2. 2. 當(dāng)我趕到學(xué)校時(shí)當(dāng)我趕到學(xué)校時(shí), , 已經(jīng)開(kāi)始上課了已經(jīng)開(kāi)始上課了. .3. 3. 在我到家之前他已

6、經(jīng)走了在我到家之前他已經(jīng)走了. .I had finished cooking dinner before you came back.The class had begun when I got to school.He had left before I got home.4.4.在在told, said, knew, heard, thoughttold, said, knew, heard, thought等等動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，一般用過(guò)去完成動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，一般用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。時(shí)。1. 1. 她說(shuō)她從來(lái)沒(méi)有去過(guò)巴黎。她說(shuō)她從來(lái)沒(méi)有去過(guò)巴黎。She said (that) she

7、 had never been to Paris.2. 2. 我覺(jué)得我以前見(jiàn)過(guò)他。我覺(jué)得我以前見(jiàn)過(guò)他。I thought that I had seen him before.3. Tom3. Tom說(shuō)他借了這本書(shū)兩周了。說(shuō)他借了這本書(shū)兩周了。Tom said he had borrowed the book for 2 weeks.kept5. 5. 表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, hope, wish, expect, think, mean, supposeexpect, think, mean, suppose等，用過(guò)等，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示去完成時(shí)表示“原本原

8、本，未能，未能”。 1.1.結(jié)果比我們想象的要好。結(jié)果比我們想象的要好。 The result was better than what we had expected.2. 我們期望你會(huì)來(lái)的，但是你沒(méi)有來(lái)。我們期望你會(huì)來(lái)的，但是你沒(méi)有來(lái)。We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.試作比較：昨天我見(jiàn)到王先生了自從他離開(kāi)北京我們就一直未曾見(jiàn)昨天我見(jiàn)到王先生了自從他離開(kāi)北京我們就一直未曾見(jiàn)過(guò)面。過(guò)面。 I saw Mr. Wang yesterday. We had not seen each other since he left Beiji

9、ng.自從他離開(kāi)北京我們就一直未曾見(jiàn)過(guò)面。自從他離開(kāi)北京我們就一直未曾見(jiàn)過(guò)面。 We have not seen each other since he left Beijing. 試比較：試比較：1. 我在這工作我在這工作已經(jīng)已經(jīng)五年了。五年了。2. 到到2005年年8月，我在這工作月，我在這工作已經(jīng)已經(jīng)五年了。五年了。過(guò)去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別過(guò)去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去, , 但側(cè)重對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生但側(cè)重對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響的結(jié)果或造成的影響, ,與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)與現(xiàn)在有關(guān). . 其結(jié)構(gòu)為其結(jié)構(gòu)為”助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞have/has+h

10、ave/has+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞”; ; 過(guò)去完成時(shí)則是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)則是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)態(tài), , 它所表示的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過(guò)去它所表示的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過(guò)去, ,更強(qiáng)調(diào)更強(qiáng)調(diào)”過(guò)去的過(guò)去的過(guò)去過(guò)去”, ,只有和過(guò)去的某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)只有和過(guò)去的某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí), ,才用到它才用到它. . 到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了30003000個(gè)單詞個(gè)單詞. .到那時(shí)我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了到那時(shí)我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了30003000個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞. .I I have learnedhave learned 3000 English words so far. 3000 English w

11、ords so far. I I had learnedhad learned 3000 English words till then. 3000 English words till then. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別過(guò)去完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別1. 1. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同過(guò)去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)“過(guò)去的過(guò)去過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某一特定的時(shí)間去某一特定的時(shí)間 They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. ( (說(shuō)明不到點(diǎn)就在車(chē)站了）說(shuō)明不到點(diǎn)就在車(chē)站了） They

12、arrived at the station at ten yesterday.( (說(shuō)明點(diǎn)到車(chē)站的）說(shuō)明點(diǎn)到車(chē)站的）2) 2) 在沒(méi)有明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)做標(biāo)志時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)在沒(méi)有明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)做標(biāo)志時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后須依據(jù)上下文來(lái)判動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后須依據(jù)上下文來(lái)判斷，先發(fā)生的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的用一斷，先發(fā)生的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的用一般過(guò)去時(shí)般過(guò)去時(shí)I had finished my homework before my mother came back.在媽媽回來(lái)前，我已經(jīng)把作業(yè)寫(xiě)完了。在媽媽回來(lái)前，我已經(jīng)把作業(yè)寫(xiě)完了。) 當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的動(dòng)作用當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的動(dòng)作用and

13、或或but連連接時(shí)，按時(shí)間順序接時(shí)，按時(shí)間順序只需用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替只需用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)；另外在引導(dǎo)的從句中由于這過(guò)去完成時(shí)；另外在引導(dǎo)的從句中由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示時(shí)間的先后，因此也些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示時(shí)間的先后，因此也可以用過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)可以用過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí) He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. I (had) called her before I left the office.More practiceWhen I arrived there, they_(lea

14、ve) already.The film_(start),when we got to the cinema.I _(read) the book before I started school.They thought that they_(try) their best.The poor girl never saw her grandpa because he _ (pass away) before she was born.I _ (not realize) she wasnt Chinese until she spoke.had lefthad startedhad readha

15、d triedhad passed awayhadnt realized 選擇填空( )1.- “Did you see Tom at the party?”-“No, Mary told me that he _ by the time I got there.” A. left B. was leaving C. had left D. has left( )2. He said that he _ his lunch yet. A. hadnt had B. hasnt had C. wouldnt have D. was having( )3. By the end of last y

16、ear we _ each other for ten years. A. have known B. knew C. were knowing D. had known( )4. I saw Li Lei yesterday. We hadnt seen each other _ I left Beijing. A. after B. before C. since D. until cA D c( )6. I learned_ the city for a long time.she has been in B. she has gone to C. she had been in D.

17、she had gone to( )7. He said that he _ a cold for three days.A. has B. had caught C. had had D. has got( )8. I saw Kate with a new radio in her hand yesterday, but she told me she_the radio for ten days.has bought B. had bought C. has had D. had had ccD ( )9. The film _ when I got there. A. has begu

18、n B. had already started C .began D. have already begun ( )10. The film _ for ten minutes when we got to the cinema. A. had already been on B. had already begun C. have already been on D. have already begun A B 1. 1. 他來(lái)我們學(xué)校之前已經(jīng)在那所學(xué)校工作了三年他來(lái)我們學(xué)校之前已經(jīng)在那所學(xué)校工作了三年. .2. 2. 當(dāng)當(dāng)MillieMillie到達(dá)電影院的時(shí)候到達(dá)電影院的時(shí)候, ,

19、電影已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了半個(gè)小時(shí)了電影已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了半個(gè)小時(shí)了. .3. 3. 自從他離開(kāi)南京我們就一直沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)面自從他離開(kāi)南京我們就一直沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)面. . He had worked in that school for three years before he came to our school.The film had already been on for half an hour when Millie got to the cinema.We havent seen each other since he left Nanjing.4. 4. 到上學(xué)期末到上學(xué)期末, ,我們已經(jīng)學(xué)歷我們已經(jīng)學(xué)歷

20、40004000多個(gè)單詞多個(gè)單詞. .By the end of last term, we had learnt over 4,000 words.5. 5. 我們完成這項(xiàng)工作比預(yù)料中的時(shí)間要早的多我們完成這項(xiàng)工作比預(yù)料中的時(shí)間要早的多. .6. 6. 貝爾在貝爾在3030歲前發(fā)明了電話(huà)歲前發(fā)明了電話(huà). . We finished the work much earlier than we had expected.Bell had invented the telephone before he was 30.The young couple had lived here for three years before he mo