過去完成時(shí)(詳細(xì)講解)(1)

1、The present perfect tense:Have / has + the past participleI have received a letter from Lily recently.Has he handed in her homework yet?He has just gone to Beijing.They have never been to the USA.We have lived here for ten years.past perfect tense過去完成時(shí)由過去完成時(shí)由had +過去分詞構(gòu)成過去分詞構(gòu)成 表示過去的過去表示過去的過去生的動(dòng)作生的動(dòng)作

2、構(gòu)成方式構(gòu)成方式:肯定句肯定句: had+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 否定句否定句: had not+ 過去分詞過去分詞一般疑問句一般疑問句:had+ 主語主語+ 過去分詞過去分詞肯定回答肯定回答: Yes, 主語主語+ had. 否定回答否定回答: No, 主語主語+ hadnt.基本用法:1. 1. 過去完成時(shí)表示在過去某時(shí)或某個(gè)動(dòng)作之過去完成時(shí)表示在過去某時(shí)或某個(gè)動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)或表示經(jīng)歷或經(jīng)驗(yàn)前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)或表示經(jīng)歷或經(jīng)驗(yàn). .(1) 我說自從你搬到這兒以來媽媽一直為你的懶惰我說自從你搬到這兒以來媽媽一直為你的懶惰 而生氣而生氣.(2) 我到達(dá)電影院之前電影早

3、已經(jīng)開始了我到達(dá)電影院之前電影早已經(jīng)開始了.I said mother had been angry about your laziness since we moved here.The film had begun before we got to the cinema.2. 2. 過去完成時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)間以前開始一直過去完成時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)間以前開始一直延續(xù)到那個(gè)時(shí)間并可能延續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。常和延續(xù)到那個(gè)時(shí)間并可能延續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。常和byby或或since, forsince, for引導(dǎo)的表時(shí)間的從句或短語連用引導(dǎo)的表時(shí)間的從句或短語連用, ,但必須要與一個(gè)表示過去時(shí)的動(dòng)作相對照但必須

4、要與一個(gè)表示過去時(shí)的動(dòng)作相對照. .1. 1. 他來我們學(xué)校之前已經(jīng)在那所學(xué)校工作了三年他來我們學(xué)校之前已經(jīng)在那所學(xué)校工作了三年. .2. 2. 當(dāng)當(dāng)MillieMillie到達(dá)電影院的時(shí)候到達(dá)電影院的時(shí)候, , 電影已經(jīng)開始了半個(gè)小時(shí)了電影已經(jīng)開始了半個(gè)小時(shí)了. .3. 3. 自從他離開南京我們就一直沒有見過面自從他離開南京我們就一直沒有見過面. . He had worked in that school for three years before he came to our school.The film had already been on for half an hour wh

5、en Millie got to the cinema.We hadnt seen each other since he left Nanjing.3. 3. 過去完成時(shí)表示在某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完過去完成時(shí)表示在某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作成的動(dòng)作. . 過去的時(shí)間由過去的時(shí)間由before, after, before, after, whenwhen引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間從句表示出來引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間從句表示出來. .1. 1. 我在你回來之前就已經(jīng)把晚飯準(zhǔn)備好了我在你回來之前就已經(jīng)把晚飯準(zhǔn)備好了. .2. 2. 當(dāng)我趕到學(xué)校時(shí)當(dāng)我趕到學(xué)校時(shí), , 已經(jīng)開始上課了已經(jīng)開始上課了. .3. 3. 在我到家之前他已

6、經(jīng)走了在我到家之前他已經(jīng)走了. .I had finished cooking dinner before you came back.The class had begun when I got to school.He had left before I got home.4.4.在在told, said, knew, heard, thoughttold, said, knew, heard, thought等等動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，一般用過去完成動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，一般用過去完成時(shí)。時(shí)。1. 1. 她說她從來沒有去過巴黎。她說她從來沒有去過巴黎。She said (that) she

7、 had never been to Paris.2. 2. 我覺得我以前見過他。我覺得我以前見過他。I thought that I had seen him before.3. Tom3. Tom說他借了這本書兩周了。說他借了這本書兩周了。Tom said he had borrowed the book for 2 weeks.kept5. 5. 表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, hope, wish, expect, think, mean, supposeexpect, think, mean, suppose等，用過等，用過去完成時(shí)表示去完成時(shí)表示“原本原

8、本，未能，未能”。 1.1.結(jié)果比我們想象的要好。結(jié)果比我們想象的要好。 The result was better than what we had expected.2. 我們期望你會來的，但是你沒有來。我們期望你會來的，但是你沒有來。We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.試作比較：昨天我見到王先生了自從他離開北京我們就一直未曾見昨天我見到王先生了自從他離開北京我們就一直未曾見過面。過面。 I saw Mr. Wang yesterday. We had not seen each other since he left Beiji

9、ng.自從他離開北京我們就一直未曾見過面。自從他離開北京我們就一直未曾見過面。 We have not seen each other since he left Beijing. 試比較：試比較：1. 我在這工作我在這工作已經(jīng)已經(jīng)五年了。五年了。2. 到到2005年年8月，我在這工作月，我在這工作已經(jīng)已經(jīng)五年了。五年了。過去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別過去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去, , 但側(cè)重對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生但側(cè)重對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響的結(jié)果或造成的影響, ,與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)與現(xiàn)在有關(guān). . 其結(jié)構(gòu)為其結(jié)構(gòu)為”助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞have/has+h

10、ave/has+過去分詞過去分詞”; ; 過去完成時(shí)則是一個(gè)相對的時(shí)過去完成時(shí)則是一個(gè)相對的時(shí)態(tài)態(tài), , 它所表示的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過去它所表示的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過去, ,更強(qiáng)調(diào)更強(qiáng)調(diào)”過去的過去的過去過去”, ,只有和過去的某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)只有和過去的某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí), ,才用到它才用到它. . 到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會了到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會了30003000個(gè)單詞個(gè)單詞. .到那時(shí)我已經(jīng)學(xué)會了到那時(shí)我已經(jīng)學(xué)會了30003000個(gè)英語單詞個(gè)英語單詞. .I I have learnedhave learned 3000 English words so far. 3000 English w

11、ords so far. I I had learnedhad learned 3000 English words till then. 3000 English words till then. 過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別1. 1. 時(shí)間狀語不同時(shí)間狀語不同過去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)過去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去過去的過去”，而一般過去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過，而一般過去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一特定的時(shí)間去某一特定的時(shí)間 They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. ( (說明不到點(diǎn)就在車站了）說明不到點(diǎn)就在車站了） They

12、arrived at the station at ten yesterday.( (說明點(diǎn)到車站的）說明點(diǎn)到車站的）2) 2) 在沒有明確的時(shí)間狀語做標(biāo)志時(shí)，謂語在沒有明確的時(shí)間狀語做標(biāo)志時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后須依據(jù)上下文來判動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后須依據(jù)上下文來判斷，先發(fā)生的用過去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的用一斷，先發(fā)生的用過去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的用一般過去時(shí)般過去時(shí)I had finished my homework before my mother came back.在媽媽回來前，我已經(jīng)把作業(yè)寫完了。在媽媽回來前，我已經(jīng)把作業(yè)寫完了。) 當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的動(dòng)作用當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的動(dòng)作用and

13、或或but連連接時(shí)，按時(shí)間順序接時(shí)，按時(shí)間順序只需用一般過去時(shí)代替只需用一般過去時(shí)代替過去完成時(shí)；另外在引導(dǎo)的從句中由于這過去完成時(shí)；另外在引導(dǎo)的從句中由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示時(shí)間的先后，因此也些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示時(shí)間的先后，因此也可以用過去時(shí)來代替過去完成時(shí)可以用過去時(shí)來代替過去完成時(shí) He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. I (had) called her before I left the office.More practiceWhen I arrived there, they_(lea

14、ve) already.The film_(start),when we got to the cinema.I _(read) the book before I started school.They thought that they_(try) their best.The poor girl never saw her grandpa because he _ (pass away) before she was born.I _ (not realize) she wasnt Chinese until she spoke.had lefthad startedhad readha

15、d triedhad passed awayhadnt realized 選擇填空( )1.- “Did you see Tom at the party?”-“No, Mary told me that he _ by the time I got there.” A. left B. was leaving C. had left D. has left( )2. He said that he _ his lunch yet. A. hadnt had B. hasnt had C. wouldnt have D. was having( )3. By the end of last y

16、ear we _ each other for ten years. A. have known B. knew C. were knowing D. had known( )4. I saw Li Lei yesterday. We hadnt seen each other _ I left Beijing. A. after B. before C. since D. until cA D c( )6. I learned_ the city for a long time.she has been in B. she has gone to C. she had been in D.

17、she had gone to( )7. He said that he _ a cold for three days.A. has B. had caught C. had had D. has got( )8. I saw Kate with a new radio in her hand yesterday, but she told me she_the radio for ten days.has bought B. had bought C. has had D. had had ccD ( )9. The film _ when I got there. A. has begu

18、n B. had already started C .began D. have already begun ( )10. The film _ for ten minutes when we got to the cinema. A. had already been on B. had already begun C. have already been on D. have already begun A B 1. 1. 他來我們學(xué)校之前已經(jīng)在那所學(xué)校工作了三年他來我們學(xué)校之前已經(jīng)在那所學(xué)校工作了三年. .2. 2. 當(dāng)當(dāng)MillieMillie到達(dá)電影院的時(shí)候到達(dá)電影院的時(shí)候, ,

19、電影已經(jīng)開始了半個(gè)小時(shí)了電影已經(jīng)開始了半個(gè)小時(shí)了. .3. 3. 自從他離開南京我們就一直沒有見過面自從他離開南京我們就一直沒有見過面. . He had worked in that school for three years before he came to our school.The film had already been on for half an hour when Millie got to the cinema.We havent seen each other since he left Nanjing.4. 4. 到上學(xué)期末到上學(xué)期末, ,我們已經(jīng)學(xué)歷我們已經(jīng)學(xué)歷

20、40004000多個(gè)單詞多個(gè)單詞. .By the end of last term, we had learnt over 4,000 words.5. 5. 我們完成這項(xiàng)工作比預(yù)料中的時(shí)間要早的多我們完成這項(xiàng)工作比預(yù)料中的時(shí)間要早的多. .6. 6. 貝爾在貝爾在3030歲前發(fā)明了電話歲前發(fā)明了電話. . We finished the work much earlier than we had expected.Bell had invented the telephone before he was 30.The young couple had lived here for three years before he mo