必修三Unit4Reading

1、Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the starsReading高一人教新課標(biāo)版必修三高一人教新課標(biāo)版必修三1. Do you know the origin of life on earth?2. Each religion or culture has its own ideas about how life began on earth. In Chinese culture_ separates(分分) the sky from the earth.Pangu 盤(pán)古盤(pán)古skyearth_ made human beings.Nuwa(女?huà)z女?huà)z)In we

2、stern countries:_ created the world and all living things.God (上帝上帝)Day 1: God spoke and separated light from darkness creating Day and Night Day 2: God spoke and separated the water creating sky and ocean Day 3: God spoke and created dry land The Biblical AccountDay 4: God spoke and created the sun

3、, moon and stars Day 5: God spoke and created living creatures in the air and sea Day 6: God spoke and created the land animals and man Day 7: God rested and blessed this day calling it Holy India Brahma is the god first represented in the Hindu Triad. He is the creator of the universe and all livin

4、g beings are said to have evolved from him.Pre-reading Look at the picture. Do you know the topic of this reading?大爆炸宇宙產(chǎn)生示意圖大爆炸宇宙產(chǎn)生示意圖Big BangGasNew starsDying starsremnants地球大氣地球大氣The earths atmospherenitrogenoxygendioxidecarbonvapour It was full of water.海洋里的細(xì)胞開(kāi)始分裂海洋里的細(xì)胞開(kāi)始分裂 爬行動(dòng)物爬行動(dòng)物恐龍恐龍Mammals人類(lèi)的

5、興起人類(lèi)的興起1. Why was the earth different from other planets? The water remained.2. Why did the plants grow before the animals came? Because plants provide oxygen for animals to breathe. Answer the questions.3. Why is it wrong in films and stories to show dinosaurs and people together? Because dinosaurs

6、 died out long before human beings developed on the earth.4. There used to be nine planets in the solar system. Recently scientists have decided that one of them can no longer be considered a planet. Do you know the name of that planet? Do you know why they removed it? Pluto. Scientists now think it

7、 is too small to be called a planet. 5. Why do you think that humans are the cleverest animals on the earth? They are the cleverest animals because they have larger brains than any other creature on the earth so far.6. What problem is caused by human beings? They cause global warming. 1. Why was the

8、 earth different from other planets? A. It produced a lot of heat. B. The water remained. C. The water disappeared. D. It was the oldest planet.Choose the best answer.B2. Why was life able to develop on the earth but not on other planets? A. The earth had a solid shape. B. The earth did not have har

9、mful gases in its atmosphere. C. The water stayed on the earth but not on other planets. D. The earth was not too hot and not too cold.C3. Why was it necessary for plants to grow before animals? A. Animals needed plants to protect them from the sun. B. Plants provided oxygen for animals to breathe.

10、C. Animals could hide from hunters in the forest. D. It was easier for plants to grow.B4. It can be inferred from the text that _. A. after “Big Bang”, what the dust was to become remained a mystery B. plants appeared before the animals C. plants multiplied and filled the oceans with oxygen D. plant

11、s played an important part in the appearance of the animalsD A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universe The formation of the earth The importance of water for life The development of plants and animals on the earth The arrival of humans and their impact on the earthPara.1Para.2Para

12、.3Para.4Para.5The main idea for each paragraph.Put the events into a timeline. 1. Insects and amphibians appeared.3. The earth became a solid ball.5. Reptiles appeared.7. The earth was a cloud of dust.9. Shellfish and other fish appeared.11. Clever animals with hands and feet appeared.Keys: 10 7 3 8

13、 4 9 6 1 5 2 12 112. Dinosaurs appeared.4. Small plants grew on the water.6. Plants began to grow on dry land.8. Water appeared on the earth.10. The universe began with a “Big Bang”.12. Mammals appeared.Combine into Explode with fire and rockdissolve harmful gases Big BangEnergetic dusta violent sol

14、id ballAtmosphereWateroceans and seasCool down Finish the following form.Para 1-3A cloud of energetic dust A solid ballAtmosphere A world full of water4132Combine into Explode with fire and rockdissolve harmful gases Cool down Fill in the blanks with the proper words.After the _, the earth was a clo

15、ud of_. Later the dust began to _ into_. And then it _ loudly with fireand rock , which were in time to _ the water vapour , carbon dioxide, which were tomake the earths _.As the earth _ down, _ began to _ on its surface.Water had _ from planets or satellites, but it _on the earth.That made it possi

16、ble for life to begin to _.energetic dustcombineexplodedproducecooledappear disappearedstayed develop“Big Bang”a ball atmospherewater1. small plants in water2. shellfish and all sorts of fish3. green plants on land4. insects (on land) 5. amphibian (on land and in water)6. forests7. reptiles (on land

17、) 8. dinosaurs (on land) 9. mammals(on land)Para 4: Finish the following form.arrival of small plants in waterearly shellfishplantsanimals all sorts of fishearly shellfishA few kindsmany kindsPlants in the waterPlants on landwaterlandinsectsdinosaurs simplecomplex lowMan had evolved from apes. 達(dá)爾文達(dá)爾

18、文(進(jìn)化論進(jìn)化論)advancedFill in the blanks. The arrival of _ encouraged the _of early _. Many millions of years later _ began to appear _. Later _ appeared. Some were_. Others called _,were able to live on lands well as _. When the plants grew into forests, _appeared for the first time. After they disappea

19、red, _became more important. They were the last group of animals different from because they _from within their bodies.development shellfish and all sorts of fish on land land animalsamphibians dinosaurs mammals produced small plants the fist green plants insects in the sea1. The earth became so vio

20、lent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.1) violent 猛烈的猛烈的, 激烈的激烈的2) whether 可以引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、可以引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句; 而而if只能引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。只能引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句既可以用引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句既可以用whether, 也可以用也可以用if,He asked me whether / if I could lend him my bike.Could you tell us whether / if it snow

21、s in winter in Australia?2. They were in time to produce in time 及時(shí)及時(shí); 終于終于She will be back in time to prepare dinner.The doctor came in time to save her life .醫(yī)生及時(shí)趕來(lái)救了她的命醫(yī)生及時(shí)趕來(lái)救了她的命.Mary usually gets home in time to bath the children 瑪莉通常及時(shí)到家給孩子們洗澡瑪莉通常及時(shí)到家給孩子們洗澡.注意注意: in time 還有還有“過(guò)些時(shí)候過(guò)些時(shí)候; 最后最后”之意

22、之意Youll get used to it in time. 過(guò)些時(shí)候你會(huì)習(xí)慣它的過(guò)些時(shí)候你會(huì)習(xí)慣它的.Dont worry. Im sure things will get better in time. 別著急別著急, 我肯定過(guò)些時(shí)候事情會(huì)好轉(zhuǎn)的我肯定過(guò)些時(shí)候事情會(huì)好轉(zhuǎn)的.與與time相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)相關(guān)的短語(yǔ): in no time 立刻立刻, 馬上馬上 at times 有時(shí)有時(shí) at a time 每次每次; 依次依次 once upon a time 從前從前 on time 按時(shí)按時(shí); 準(zhǔn)時(shí)準(zhǔn)時(shí) at one time 從前從前 for the time being 暫時(shí)暫時(shí) fro

23、m time to time 不時(shí)地不時(shí)地3. atmosphere n. 大氣層大氣層; 氣氛氣氛An atmosphere of tension filed the room .屋子里籠罩著緊張的氣氛。屋子里籠罩著緊張的氣氛。The atmosphere over dinner was warm and friendly.用餐時(shí)洋溢著熱情友好的氣氛。用餐時(shí)洋溢著熱情友好的氣氛。注意注意: 指指“大氣層大氣層”使使, 常用常用 the atmosphere; 指指 “氣氛氣氛”時(shí)時(shí), 常使用單數(shù)形式。常使用單數(shù)形式。4. .as the earth cooled down, water be

24、gan to appear on its surface. 隨著地球的冷卻隨著地球的冷卻, 地球的表面就開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)了水。地球的表面就開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)了水。1) cool down 變涼變涼, 冷卻冷卻2) appear “出現(xiàn)出現(xiàn),似乎似乎”是不及物動(dòng)詞當(dāng)表示是不及物動(dòng)詞當(dāng)表示 “似乎似乎,好像好像”時(shí)是系動(dòng)詞時(shí)是系動(dòng)詞, 該詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。該詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 Our teacher appeared on TV this morning.辨析辨析: appear seem lookI. 含義上的差異含義上的差異 appear 是指根據(jù)事物的外表表象做出判斷的是指根據(jù)事物的外表表象做出判斷的, 但實(shí)質(zhì)上并不

25、一定如此但實(shí)質(zhì)上并不一定如此; seem是表示說(shuō)話人是表示說(shuō)話人主觀上的判斷主觀上的判斷, 暗含有一定的根據(jù)暗含有一定的根據(jù), 往往接近往往接近事實(shí)的判斷事實(shí)的判斷; look是根據(jù)視覺(jué)印象而得出的判斷是根據(jù)視覺(jué)印象而得出的判斷, 實(shí)質(zhì)上也可能如此。實(shí)質(zhì)上也可能如此。She is fifty but she appears young. 她五十歲了她五十歲了, 但看起來(lái)很年輕。但看起來(lái)很年輕。(其實(shí)并非如此其實(shí)并非如此) She seems young. (I think she is young.) 她看起來(lái)很年輕。她看起來(lái)很年輕。(個(gè)人的主觀判斷而推斷出個(gè)人的主觀判斷而推斷出) She l

26、ooks young. 她很年輕。她很年輕。(從他外表可出感覺(jué)出從他外表可出感覺(jué)出) II. 用法上的差異用法上的差異 a. appear, look, seem 后均可帶名詞、形容語(yǔ)、后均可帶名詞、形容語(yǔ)、 to be 結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)。 The man who came yesterday appeared / seemed / looked an honest man . 昨天來(lái)的那個(gè)人看來(lái)是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。昨天來(lái)的那個(gè)人看來(lái)是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。b. look 可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)可用于進(jìn)行時(shí), 而而 seem, appear 一般一般 不能。不能。 He is looking very happy. 他現(xiàn)

27、在看起來(lái)很高興。他現(xiàn)在看起來(lái)很高興。c. appear 和和 seem 之后可接動(dòng)詞不定式的之后可接動(dòng)詞不定式的一般式、完成式以及其他形式一般式、完成式以及其他形式, 而而 look 之后之后除了能接除了能接to be 結(jié)構(gòu)外結(jié)構(gòu)外,不接其它動(dòng)詞不定式不接其它動(dòng)詞不定式形式。形式。 She appeared to agree with you. 他好像同意你的意見(jiàn)。他好像同意你的意見(jiàn)。 They dont seem to have read this novel. 他們好像沒(méi)有讀過(guò)這本小說(shuō)。他們好像沒(méi)有讀過(guò)這本小說(shuō)。d. look, seem 能與介詞能與介詞 like 構(gòu)成習(xí)語(yǔ)構(gòu)成習(xí)語(yǔ), 意

28、思意思 是是“看上去象看上去象”, 而而 appear 卻不能。卻不能。如如: It seems like years since I last saw you . 自從上次見(jiàn)到你后自從上次見(jiàn)到你后,好像很久沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到你了。好像很久沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到你了。 He looks like a student. 他看起來(lái)象個(gè)學(xué)生。他看起來(lái)象個(gè)學(xué)生。e. seem, look 后均可接后均可接 as if , as though 引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的 表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句, 從句中既可用陳述語(yǔ)氣也可用從句中既可用陳述語(yǔ)氣也可用 虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣,而而 appear 則不能。則不能。 It seemed / looked as

29、 if he had been to Beijing. 看起來(lái)他去過(guò)北京。看起來(lái)他去過(guò)北京。f. appear和和seem均可接均可接 that引導(dǎo)的從句引導(dǎo)的從句, 而而 look 不能。不能。 It seems / appears that we wont finish this work today. 我們好像今天完不成這項(xiàng)工作。我們好像今天完不成這項(xiàng)工作。g. appear和和seem 可用于可用于there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中結(jié)構(gòu)中,而而 look 不能。不能。如如: There appears to have been an accident . 好像出了一次事故。好像出了一次事故。5.

30、 by laying eggs. lay-laid-laid-laying 放放, 把把. 放在放在.; 產(chǎn)卵產(chǎn)卵 He laid his books on the desk.注意注意: lie (lay; lain; lying) 躺躺; 位于位于 lie (lied; lied; lying) 說(shuō)謊說(shuō)謊 The naughty boy _ to me that the hen that _ there just now had _ two eggs the day before.A. laid; laid; laid B. laid; lay; lainC. lied; laid; lai

31、n D. lied; lay; laidD6. give birth to1) 生生(孩子孩子) Shes just given birth to a healthy baby girl. 她剛剛生了個(gè)健康的女?huà)?。她剛剛生了個(gè)健康的女?huà)搿?) 產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)生The extraordinary experience gave birth to his latest novel.這段奇特的經(jīng)歷促成了他的最新的一部這段奇特的經(jīng)歷促成了他的最新的一部小說(shuō)的誕生。小說(shuō)的誕生。7. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, whi

32、ch prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 他們把太多的二氧化碳釋放到大氣層中他們把太多的二氧化碳釋放到大氣層中, 這就這就使得熱量不能從地球上散發(fā)到太空中去。使得熱量不能從地球上散發(fā)到太空中去。prevent sth. / sb. (from) doing sth. 制止制止(防止防止)某人某人(某物某物)做某事做某事The rules are intended to prevent accidents. What can we do to prevent this accident (from) happening?I

33、 intend to go and nothing you do can prevent me! (阻止阻止)Nothing can prevent this plan from being carried out.注意注意: 類(lèi)似結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)似結(jié)構(gòu)keep/stop sb. from doing sth., 但但keep sb. from doing sth.中中from不可省略不可省略, prevent / stop sb. from doing sth.中的中的from可省可省,但如在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中但如在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中, 他們中的他們中的from都不可省。都不可省。I tried to keep hi

34、m from waiting for her . 我試圖叫他不要再等她了我試圖叫他不要再等她了.I tried to keep him waiting for her . 我試圖讓他等她我試圖讓他等她 .8. the earth may become too hot to live on.地球可能會(huì)因此變得太熱而不適合生物的生存。地球可能會(huì)因此變得太熱而不適合生物的生存。有關(guān)有關(guān)too的一些用法的一些用法1) too作作 “太太” 講。講。 There is too much water.水太多了。水太多了。 This shirt is too large for me. 這襯衫我穿起來(lái)太大。

35、這襯衫我穿起來(lái)太大。 The problem is rather too hard for me. 這個(gè)問(wèn)題對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)太難了。這個(gè)問(wèn)題對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)太難了。2) “too adj.to”, 有兩種意義有兩種意義,一種為一種為“太太以至以至(不不)”, 在翻譯時(shí)要加上在翻譯時(shí)要加上一個(gè)否定詞一個(gè)否定詞; 另一種是另一種是“太太”, 語(yǔ)意肯定語(yǔ)意肯定, 但但too后的形容詞常用后的形容詞常用ready, heavy, beautiful等。等。The question is too hard to understand.問(wèn)題太難問(wèn)題太難, 理解不了。理解不了。He is too proud to see

36、his own shortcomings. 他太驕傲了以至于看不到自己的缺點(diǎn)。他太驕傲了以至于看不到自己的缺點(diǎn)。You are too ready to find fault with others.你太愛(ài)挑別人的毛病了。你太愛(ài)挑別人的毛病了。3) “only/all/not/buttoo adj. to ”, 后面的動(dòng)詞不定式在翻譯時(shí)不必加否定詞。后面的動(dòng)詞不定式在翻譯時(shí)不必加否定詞。only等與等與too連用等于連用等于very (非常非常)。I shall be only too pleased to hear from you further. 我非常歡迎你再來(lái)信。我非常歡迎你再來(lái)信。

37、They are but too glad to do so. 他們非常喜歡這么做。他們非常喜歡這么做。 We are only too pleased to work together with the workers. 我們和工人們一起勞動(dòng)我們和工人們一起勞動(dòng), 非常高興。非常高興。4) “cannotcan never.too”, 表示表示 “無(wú)論怎樣無(wú)論怎樣也不會(huì)過(guò)分也不會(huì)過(guò)分”。 You cannot praise him too highly. 你無(wú)論怎樣表?yè)P(yáng)他也不過(guò)分。你無(wú)論怎樣表?yè)P(yáng)他也不過(guò)分。 We cannot be too careful in doing experiments. 我們做實(shí)驗(yàn)無(wú)論怎樣小心也不過(guò)分。我們做實(shí)驗(yàn)無(wú)論怎樣小心也不過(guò)分。 You can never be too careful of yo