人教版必修1一unit4知識(shí)梳理解析及隨堂練習(xí)(含答案)16頁(yè)

1、Book1 unit4一、fast reading Structure of the news report :1.Clue ( 線索 ) of the story: Time order: Beforeduringafter the earthquake找出每段的中心Para.1 Some strange things happened before the earthquake.Para.2 The world was at an end. The earthquake hit the city.Para.3 The damage of the city in the earthquake

2、Para.4 The rescue to the city2.分段并概括Para.1 Strange things were happening before the earthquake, but no one took any notice of them. Part2-3. The earthquake destroyed the city of Tangshan and shocked the people very much. part 4. The army came to help the survivors（生還者）,bringing hope for a new life.

3、二、Careful reading 1.What happened before the earthquake?Walls of the wells_had deep cracChickens and pigs_were too nervous to eatMice ran out of the fields looking for places to hideFish jumped out of bowls and ponds Sound and lights_ were heard and seen Water pipes cracked and burst2.Fill in the bl

4、anksMain IdeaDetailssigns beforeEarthquake Para.11._ things were happening in the countryside in northeast Hebei.2.The water in the wells _ and _. 3.A _ gas came out of the cracks.4.The chickens and pigs were too _to _.5.Fish _out of the bowls and ponds.6.Mice _ out of the fields.7.At _ am on July 2

5、8, 1976, people saw _ _ in the sky.Damage caused byearthquakePara. 2-31.At _ am, the _ earthquake of the 20th century began .2._ burst from holes in the ground.3.Hard hills of the rock became rivers of _.4._ covered the ground like red autumn leaves.5. Two _ and most of the bridges fell.6. The railw

6、ay tracks were now _pieces of _.7._ now filled the wells instead of water.8.Water,food,and _ were hard to get.3.Para. 2-3 Data(數(shù)據(jù))1. of the nation felt the earthquake .2.A huge crack that was kilometres long and metres wide cut across houses.3.In terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. 4. of the

7、 people died or were injured during the earthquake.5.The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than .6.All of the citys hospitals, _ of its factories and buildings and of its homes were gone.4.Fill in the blank with proper words There was a big _ in Tangshan in 1976. Before the ea

8、rthquake, the water in the village wells _ and fell. The animals were too _ to eat. But the people didnt know about it. At 3:42 am, everything began to shake. In fifteen terrible seconds, the large city lay in_. More than _ people were killed or injured. Then later that afternoon, _big earthquake sh

9、ook Tangshan . But all hope was not _,because soldiers came to help those_. 1.答案：Strange; rose; fell; smelly; nervous; eat; jumped; ran; 3:00; bright; lights2.答案：3:42； greatest；Steam；dirt；Bricks；dams；useless；steel；Sand；electricity3.答案：1/3；8；30；15；2/3；400,000；75%；90%4.答案：earthquake；rose；nervous；ruins

10、；400,000；another；lost；survivors5.True ( T )or false( F ) statement :1. Two-thirds of the nation felt the earthquake. ( )2. All the people in Tangshan were dead or injured during the earthquake. ( )3.All of the citys hospitals, factories, buildings and homes were damaged in the earthquake.( )4.After

11、the second earthquake, everyone including the rescue workers and doctors were died ( )5. Later that afternoon, a terrible earthquake shook Tangshan again. ( )6. People slept outdoors after the earthquake.( )6.Choose the best answer.(1)What is the mood of this passage?A.Sad. B.Serious. C.Serious and

12、a bit sad. D.Calm (2)What can be inferred form the passage?A.If mice run out of the fields looking for places to hide,there must be an earthquake.B.If some natural signs had not been ignored,all the people in Tangshan city might have had a chance to survive.C.There wouldnt have been such a great ear

13、thquake,if people had paid enough atten-tion to some natural signs.D.If some natural signs had not been ignored,more people might have had a chance to survive.(3)Which of the following statements can not be part of the main reasons for the heavy loss of life in Tangshan earthquake?A.The earthquake h

14、appened in the deep night and people were sleeping in bed at the very movement.B.There werent enough rescue workers.C.The buildings were poorly constructed and most of them were destroyed in the earth-quake.D.People were not careful enough to notice some natural signs before the earthquake.三.課文全解全析L

15、anguage points 1.Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away.假設(shè)你的家開(kāi)始晃動(dòng),你必須立刻離開(kāi) imagine:想象 imagine doing sth. ; E.g.He often imagines flying in the sky.shake :搖動(dòng) shake hands E.g. I felt the earth is shaking.right away=at once=in no time 立刻，馬上 E.g.You must live right away.你應(yīng)該馬上離

16、開(kāi)2. For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell,rose and fell.三天來(lái),村子的水井中的水位升升落落不停.rise (rose,risen) vi.升起, 起身, 高聳, 增長(zhǎng), 上升 n.上升, 增加, 上漲, 發(fā)生, 出現(xiàn)rise against反抗 They all rose against the king*rise和raise的區(qū)別：rise vi. 指繼續(xù)上升，常用于日，月，云，霧，煙， 物價(jià)，溫度，河水，潮水及人的職位等。raise vt. 表示舉起，提出，提升，提高（例如水平等級(jí)，程度等）

17、種植，飼養(yǎng)，用作“舉起” 時(shí)，往往有使物體達(dá)到應(yīng)有的高度的含義可用于具體或抽象的事物。e.g. 1）Everyone knows the sun _in the east.2) The peoples living standard has greatly been_.3) They can _ rice here.4) Her temperature is still_.5) He _a family in that village.6) The builders _the ceiling by six inches. 建筑工人把天花板升高了六英寸7) The price of bread

18、has 1.rises; 2.raised ; 3. Raise 4. Rising 5.raises 6 raised . 7. risen 3.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide句中l(wèi)ooking for.是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作。練習(xí)：David 變坐在沙發(fā)上邊聽(tīng)音樂(lè)（David sat on the sofa listening to the music）4.Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them.

19、A smelly gas came out of the cracks.In the farmyards,the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.農(nóng)民們注意到水井的井壁上有深深的裂縫。一股臭氣從裂縫里冒出。農(nóng)家大院里的雞，甚至豬都緊張得不吃食。典例體驗(yàn) Too nervous toreply,he stared at the floor. 他眼睛盯著地面，緊張得答不上來(lái)。It is never too late to give up our prejudice 拋棄偏見(jiàn)永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)太晚。 歸納總結(jié)too nervous to

20、eat意思為“ 太緊張而不能吃東西 ”。其中的too.to.結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“太以致于不”。關(guān)于too.to.句式的用法：（1）too.to.太以致于不（2）too.to.與not或never連用時(shí)，不定式為肯定意義。not/never too.to.,意為“并不太所以能”。It is never too late to mend.亡羊補(bǔ)牢，未為晚也。（3）too.to.前面有only,but,all時(shí)，only too,but too和all too相當(dāng)于very,后面的不定式也表示肯定。 E.g. Im only too pleased to help you.很榮幸能幫助你。We shall

21、be only/but too delighted to have you with us.能和你們?cè)谝黄鹞覀儗⒏械椒浅８吲d。（4）當(dāng)too.to.用來(lái)修飾表示態(tài)度，情緒，傾向等的形容詞（如anxious,eager,glad,happy,pleased,ready,willing)時(shí)，不定式為肯定意義。e.g. He was too eager to know the result of his examination.他迫切想知道考試的結(jié)果。即學(xué)即用 (1)The box was (太重了，我搬不動(dòng)). (2)Im (太累了，什么也想不起來(lái)) now.(3)I am (想作一次環(huán)球旅行).

22、too heavy for me to lift ; too tired to think of anything;too eager to travel around the world5. Burst & Crack crack v. （使）裂開(kāi)； n. 裂縫 burst（burst burst）爆裂; 爆發(fā) burst into + n. 闖進(jìn)E.g.Some robbers burst into that house.burst out + doing 突然做E.g.They burst out laughing/crying.=They burst into laughter/lau

23、ghing.6.But the one million people of the city,who thought little of these events,were asleep as usual.think of 想起，考慮; think little of 不注意、不重視 ; think highly of 重視 7.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins在可怕的十五秒鐘內(nèi),一座大城市變?yōu)閺U墟.ruin n.廢墟(c.n),毀滅(u.n) Vt. 使毀滅; in ruins 荒蕪的,成為廢墟The war brou

24、ght ruin to the country戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)給這個(gè)國(guó)家?guī)?lái)了毀滅Our plan is in ruins暴風(fēng)雨摧毀了農(nóng)作物辨析:hurt,injure,wound hurt受傷的一般用語(yǔ),常指心靈的傷害,也可指身體的受傷或疼痛. wound指戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上的刀傷或槍傷 damage 指對(duì)物體的破壞或損壞 injure 一般指由于意外或事故而受傷,也可以表示 “損害名譽(yù),傷害感情等”1.His words _her feelings.2.It _the eyes to read in the sun.3.More than 200 people were _in the car accident.

25、4.The soldiers were _-in the battle.1. hurt 2. hurts 3. Injured 4. wounded8. It seemed as if the world was at an end 1) as if 似乎，好像 = as thoughE.g She spoke to me as if she knew me. 她和我說(shuō)話的神情，好像她早就認(rèn)識(shí)我似的。2) as if 在表語(yǔ)從句中相當(dāng)于that:E.g It seemed as if the meeting would never end. 看起來(lái)會(huì)議沒(méi)完沒(méi)了。 3) seem 似乎 It s

26、eems (to sb.) that/as if.意為：（對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)）似乎 ，as if后邊可用 虛擬 語(yǔ)氣。seem to be/like+n.似乎，好像seem to be doing sth./to have done sth.好像正在做/已經(jīng)做了某事seem (to be)+n./adj.似乎是There seems to be.好像有e.g 1. they know what theyre doing.他們好像知道他們正在做什么。2. The whole house to be empty.整座房子似乎空蕩蕩的。3.他們一直仿佛是要結(jié)婚似的。 they would get marri

27、ed. 4.我大概把書(shū)忘在家里了。 my book at home.答案1.It seems that ; 2. seemed; 3.It always seemed as if; 4.I seem to have left 注意：seem（看起來(lái)）的否定式有兩種：He doesnt seem to be ill. = He seems not to be ill.練習(xí)：好像要下雨了。4）.at an end (=finished) 結(jié)束; 終結(jié) E.g The war was at an end.at the end of 在盡頭，在末 E.g Go straight and youll f

28、ind the hospital at the end of the road.by the end of 直到末,到結(jié)束的時(shí)候，主句一般用完成時(shí) E.g He had finished his great works by the end of 1980. 到1980年底, 他已完成了他的巨著。in the end 最后、終于 E.g In the end we found the house9.It was felt in Beijing, which is one hundred kilometers away. *主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，表示過(guò)去動(dòng)作，而從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表示到現(xiàn)在還一直存在的事

29、實(shí)。在表示普遍真理時(shí)，也是用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。(1)Youre drinking too much . -Only at home. No one _ me but you. A. is seeing B. had seen C. sees D. saw(2)People in ancient times didnt know that the earth _ around the sun. A. turn B. turned C. is turning D. had turned （cc）*但是，若某一事實(shí)只是過(guò)去存在，現(xiàn)在不一定存在，則用過(guò)去時(shí)。如：I didnt know you lived

30、in this city. *away表示空間上的隔開(kāi)，也可以表示時(shí)間上的距離。e.g. (1)再有四天就到她的生日了。Her birthday is four days away (2) His village is five miles _from here. A. far B. away C. far away D. farther b10.Two-thirds of the people died or were injured during the earthquake.分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)法: 分子（基數(shù)詞為one）/分母（序數(shù)詞用單數(shù)）eg. 1/3 one-third 分子（基數(shù)詞不為on

31、e）/分母+s （序數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù)） eg. 2/3 two-thirds; 3/5 three-fifths百分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)法：數(shù)詞+percent (%) 表示 “百分之” eg. 75% - 90% ，65% ， 分?jǐn)?shù)詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 若分?jǐn)?shù)所指的是可數(shù)名詞，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用復(fù)數(shù)；eg. 80% of the trees were cut down. 若指不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)：eg. 50% of the water in the bottle has gone.填正確的be動(dòng)詞：More than 61% of the surface of the earth _covered by wate

32、r.Seventy percent of the workers in this factory _ young請(qǐng)根據(jù)提示完成下列句子。1. _ (三分之一) of the students in our class _ (be) girls.2. _ (五分之三) of the soil _ (wash) away by the flood last night.3. _ (一半) of the desks in this school _ (make) in his company.4. _ (大部分的) of the lecture he made yesterday _ (be) in

33、teresting.5. _ (數(shù)萬(wàn)) people _ (dance) in the big square now.6. There were _ (一萬(wàn)) students taking part in the exam yesterday.7. _ (百分之九十) of the mountain _ (cover) by trees.答案1.One-third，are ；2. Three-fifths ；was washed 3. Half ；are made 4. Most；was5.Tens of thousands of；are dancing ；6.ten thousand ；

34、7.90% / 90 percent；is covered11.Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents成千上萬(wàn)個(gè)家庭遇難，許多孩子失去了父母。此處leave表示“使處于狀態(tài)”，其后通常接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，即賓語(yǔ)加形容詞、過(guò)去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、介詞（短語(yǔ)）等作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。12. Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.*everywhere 用做連詞，等于wherever, no matter where,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

35、?；プg:1）無(wú)論他走到哪兒,他都和朋友保持聯(lián)系。Everywhere he goes,he contacts with his friends*everywhere作副詞時(shí),一般情況下都用在句尾。如： 我四處去找，但是找不到。I find everywhere, but I cant find it*everywhere 有時(shí)作名詞，如：到處都似乎很安靜. Everywhere seems quiet13Tens of thousands of cows never give milk again數(shù)以萬(wàn)計(jì)的奶牛再也不產(chǎn)奶了thousands of 數(shù)千計(jì)的 ; millions 數(shù)百萬(wàn)計(jì)的te

36、ns of thousands of 數(shù)以萬(wàn)計(jì)的 hundreds of thousands of 數(shù)以十萬(wàn)計(jì)的14Then,later that afternoon,another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.接著，在下午晚些時(shí)候，又一次強(qiáng)度幾乎和第一次一樣的地震在唐山爆發(fā)了。歸納總結(jié)：本句的 as strong as the first one屬于“as.as”結(jié)構(gòu)，兩個(gè)as的詞性不一樣，所以它們后面所跟的結(jié)構(gòu)亦不一樣。第一個(gè)as是副詞，所以后面跟的是形容詞或副詞的 原級(jí) ，第二個(gè)

37、as是連詞，所以后面常跟名詞、代詞或從句。其否定形式為 not as/so.as ,意為“ 不如 ”。注意（1）第一個(gè)as是副詞，如果后面接單數(shù)名詞，要用“as+adj.+a/an+n.+as.”結(jié)構(gòu)。John is as kind a student as me.約翰和我一樣是個(gè)心地善良的學(xué)生（2）as.as用來(lái)表示倍數(shù)的結(jié)構(gòu)為“A is.times as.as B”，意為“A是B的幾倍”。This playground is three times as big as that one.這個(gè)操場(chǎng)是那個(gè)操場(chǎng)的三倍大。典例體驗(yàn)He doesnt speak English you.他的英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得

38、不如你流利。I got up my father did this morning.今天早上我和父親起得一樣早。as/so fluently as ； as early as即學(xué)即用（1）It is reported that the US uses energy as the whole of Europe. A.as twiceB.twice much C.twice much asD.twice as much（2）Exercise is as any other to lose unwanted weight. A.so useful a way B.as a useful wayC.

39、as useful a way D.such a useful way15 Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. 有些救援人員和醫(yī)生被困在廢墟中rescue vt. 援救;營(yíng)救 rescue sb from sb/sth 解放軍戰(zhàn)士從即將倒塌的房子中救出了那位老太The PLA man rescued the old lady from the falling house.trap (trapped,trapped) n.陷阱，圈套vt. 使受限制(困)于;誘騙The car was trapp

40、ed in the deep snow16. All hopes was not lost.并沒(méi)有喪失所有希望。= Not all hope was lost.該句為不完全否定，也可稱(chēng)之為部分否定。*allnot= not all , some but not all 一些,但不是全部；當(dāng)not與all, every, everyone, everything, both連用時(shí)，皆表示不完全的否定。 e.g. 1）Not all the girls left.(=Only some of them left.) 2) Not all the children are noisy.(= Some

41、 of the children are not noisy.) 3）閃光的并不都是金子。Not all glitter is gold4）并不是人人都在。Not all people are here*no, none, no one, neither 表示全部的否定。*對(duì)兩者以上的全部否定應(yīng)用none of,其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可以用單數(shù)也可以用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：(1)None of us were allowed to go there. 我們二人都不準(zhǔn)去那里。 (2)None of these reports is very helpful. 這兩份報(bào)告都沒(méi)有用*either表示“（兩者中）任

42、何一個(gè)”，any表示“（三者或三者以上中的）任何一個(gè)”。17. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.部隊(duì)組織人員挖出被困者，掩埋死者。the dead意為“死者 ”?！皌he+形容詞”常表示一類(lèi)人，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Tell the meanings of the following phrases and sentences: (1)the old and the sick (2)the blind (3)the impossible (4)The ric

43、h are not always happy.18. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.工人們?yōu)槟切┘覉@遭受破壞的幸存者建了住所。是定語(yǔ)從句。whose homes had been destroyed關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)， whose在從句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)，whose指人，也可指物19. Sand now filled the wells instead of water.*instead of 代替,而不是,后接名詞，動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)名詞 等，但不能接句子） *instead是副詞，在句中單

44、獨(dú)作狀語(yǔ)，置于句首時(shí)，意為“相反地”(1)Judy didnt answer. _, she looked out of the taxi window. A. But B. However C. Instead D. And(2)Its me that should ask you instead of you _me. A. ask B. asked C. to ask D. asking(3)He studies in the evening instead _the day. A. / B. of C. of during D. of on ( cdb)品味構(gòu)詞1.利用派生法，品句填詞

45、(1)The of the island is by the unwise .(govern)(2)Do you know why the May 4th broke out?Sorry,I dont know.Because at that time my family from Beijing to Hong Kong.(move)(3)The news caused great among her friends when she told them .(excite)1.Government；governed；governor；2.Movement；moved；3.exciting；e

46、xcitement；excitedly(4) useless adj. 無(wú)用的，無(wú)價(jià)值的 “l(fā)ess” 否定后綴， “沒(méi)有的” ，“無(wú)的” 其一般的組詞結(jié)構(gòu)：名詞+less 形容詞 例如：childless 沒(méi)有兒女的 ;harmless 沒(méi)有害處的 ; countless 數(shù)不清的 特例：priceless 是無(wú)價(jià)的，貴重的補(bǔ)充詞匯Dig v 挖- dig out sth. =dig sth. out 把（從）挖出來(lái) to dig the car out of the snowshelter n. 庇護(hù)所 take for shelter In the storm I took a tree

47、 for shelter. V. shelter (from)These plants must be sheltered from direct sunlight.這種植物必須遮蔽，免受日光照射。 survivor n. C 幸存者 survive vt. 幸存 Few people survived the fire. 這次火災(zāi)沒(méi)有幾人幸免于難。To the east of 在東邊,不接壤In the east of 在東邊,在其里面On the east of 在東邊,與其接壤1.Japan lies _ the east of China.2. Canada is _ the nort

48、h of American.3. Qingdao lies _the east of Shangdong province.破壞destroye.g. .Everywhere they looked neary everything _(destroy).表示情感的動(dòng)詞 excite 興奮 surprise,interest,bore,move, shock,disappoint,satisfy,(驚訝，興趣， 乏味，感動(dòng) 失望 滿意）變?yōu)樾稳菰~時(shí)可加ing(指物）或加ed (指人）judge 法官 判斷，判定judge by 以來(lái)判斷,以來(lái)看 Dont judge a man by his

49、clothes.judge from從看,根據(jù)可以看出. Judge from what he said, he must be an honest man.judge of 判斷,評(píng)價(jià) I am no judging of food.Prepare vt. 準(zhǔn)備 Preparation n. prepare +n. 直接做. prepare for doing sth/ sth 為. 做準(zhǔn)備 prepare to do sth準(zhǔn)備去做. honor an honor personshow honor to sb 對(duì) 表示敬意 have the honor to do sth 很榮幸地in h

50、onor of /in ones honor 為 紀(jì)念，以 名義 on ones honor 以 名譽(yù)擔(dān)保 自主檢測(cè) .品句填詞1.The fish must go bad,for it is s .2.The two countries were separated by a c . 3.Water can be turned into s when heated.4.After the earthquake,the whole city was in r .5.An accident happened.Luckily,nobody was i . 6.There was no s in t

51、he air crash.7.The workers made great efforts to r the people who were trapped underground.8.Because of the global warming,there are more and more natural d .9.The students in our school have o many clubs for themselves.10.The air in the countryside is muc f than that in the city.答案：smelly ；canal; steam ; ruins ; injured; survivor; rescue; disasters; organized ; fresher二、 短語(yǔ)運(yùn)用。a great number of think little of at an end right away in ruins burst into tears in honor of be trapped in out of ones reach rescuefrom1. Many fire-fighters were sent to _ the tourists